Call number: LD2668 .T4 1955 M49 / Master of Science

Text in Afrikaans / Gevorderde skoolsillabusse, die medta en 'n ekonomtes-politiessosiaal- georienteerde gemeenskap, lei daartoe dat dte adolessent op 'n vroee ouderdom sy potensiaal ten opsigte van sy verstandelike, emosionele, fisiese, morele en sosiale ontwikkeling optimaal kan realiseer. Daarvoor is die adolessent aangewese op die steun van die ouer. Dit bring mee dat hoer eise ook aan die ouer as opvoeder gestel word. Die sukses van opvoeding in die ouerhuis word bepaal deur die kwaliteit van die gesagsverhouding tussen die ouer en die adolessent.' Die ouer se hantering van gesag is bepalend vir die adolessent se belewing van gesag. Die stel van reels en regulastes en die wyse waarop dissipline en straf toegepas word, lei tot die adolessent se aanvaarding, verwerping of uitoefening van gesag. Ten einde 'n toereikende ouer-adolessent-relasie daar te stel, moet adolessensie as 'n tydperk van besfnnfng oor nuwe regte en verantwoordelikhede in plaas van 'n tydperk van konflik oor norme beskou word. / Advanced school syllabi, the media and communlties that are economically, politically and socially orientated result In adolescents' early realisation of optimal potential regarding intellectual, emotional, physical, moral and social development. Such accelerated development requires the support of parents which results ln higher expectations being made of parents as educators. The success of education In the home ls determined by the quality of the relationship of authority between the parent and the adolescent. The parent's style of authority determines the adolescent's experience of authority. The formulation of rules and regulations and the manner of disciplining and punishing leads to the adolescent's rejection or acceptance of a~thorlty and own exercising of authority.· In order to establish an adequate parent-adolescent relationship, adolescence should be regarded as a time to review rights and responsibilIities rather than a period of conflict over norms. / Psychology of Education / M.Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoeding)

Guanxi (interpersonal relationship) is an important mechanism through which Chinese people facilitate transactions and cope with institutional constraints under immature legal frameworks. As the transition of China’s economic system and legal framework progresses, the impact of guanxi on Chinese’s life and work has sparked heated debates. This study attempts to specify empirically the significance of guanxi in the context of institutional transition, from an academic career development perspective. The researcher conducted a qualitative exploration in a transitional research university in Beijing. Based on the previous studies, this study emphasizes the influences of three types of guanxi –mentorship (shimenship), leader-subordinate guanxi and colleagueship – on academics’ professional growth, in terms of job status improvement, resource attainment, network enlargement and performance advancement. The strategies academics used to establish and enhance these three types of guanxi were also investigated. Fifty-five academics’ perspectives and experiences were sought through semi-structured interviews. Their guanxi experiences helped the researcher to determine how and why guanxi helped academics to access different resources in the subject transitional research university. Likewise, policy documents, papers and observation notes were employed to portray the institutional constraints currently facing academics. The field data pointedly suggested that the radical overhaul of institutional governance systems at the subject research university was, paradoxically, accompanied by the undiminished presence of the university’s old bureaucracy. This placed huge institutional constraints on academics’ career growth. Between the push of market forces and the pull of the old bureaucracy, academics were found to activate guanxi more enthusiastically and more frequently in an effort to overcome hardships and mobilize desirable academic resources. The participants pointedly singled out mentors, fellow shimen members, and leaders as important resources linkers, helping them successfully access targeted information, resources, opportunities and other social relationships during the institutional transition. In terms of academic appointment, academics frequently used mentorship, shimenship and their connections to leaders to improve their job status. However, the field data suggested that the introduction of market-oriented mechanisms to the academic appointment process, together with enhanced central control over bianzhi distribution, at least to some extent, made these lobbying efforts less effective than expected. Regarding colleagueship, it had comparatively little influence on academics’ funding applications and teaching performance improvement, explaining why interactions between colleagues were often limited to perfunctory exchanges designed to maintain social harmony. Academic collaboration was seen as an effective way of helping academics efficiently sustain and enhance their relationships with mentors, shimen members and leaders. Besides research interests and research competencies, academic collaboration allowed different parties to determine whether they were attuned to each other’s taste of personality traits (e.g., generosity, sincerity, responsibility), which were seen as leading indicators of academics’ moralities and work ethics, thus deepening their existing trust and promoting future collaborations. Although social eating and communication were seen as useful ways of maintaining mentorship and shimenship, there was no consensus among academics with different status on their importance in enhancing leader-subordinate guanxi. Academics also reported accessing targeted powerful leaders through third party recommendations and self-disclosure. In brief, this study is one of the few empirical studies to specify guanxi mechanism’s effect on academics’ career growth during institutional transition, and offers readers a different perspective on the influence of institutional reforms at Chinese HEIs on academics’ career development. / published_or_final_version / Education / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

One of the purposes of the study was to obtain information on how family members' perceptions of the family's homeostasis changes over time as the family passes from a crisis period through a transition phase from a wet (drinking) to a dry (non-drinking) state. In addition, the study examined the impact that changes in the family system may have on maintaining a dry state after the completion of an alcoholism treatment program that involved family members. Twenty families participated in the study. Family members completed instruments that measured family cohesion, adaptability, dynamics, satisfaction, and family/social functioning at three different measurement occasions. Those measurement occasions were at the beginning (Time 1) and completion (Time 2) of a family treatment program for alcoholism, and at a month follow-up (Time 3). The primary test for each hypothesis was a repeated measures analysis of variance where the within subject factor was the measurement occasions (Time). In general, the results of the study suggested that a month follow-up, the families were still in a disrupted state of homeostasis as reflected in the scores for adaptability, cohesion, and dynamics. However, the findings of the study indicated that the families were more satisfied with the family system at the time of follow-up than at the beginning of a family program. In addition, family members reported being more involved in activities with each other at the follow-up period than at the start of a family program.

The study attempted to investigate the element of self-disclosure in the everyday communication transaction. More specifically, it sought to determine: (1) What is self-disclosure and how has it been defined? (2) What are the intrapersonal variables affecting the process? (3) What barriers hinder the interpersonal process of self-disclosure? (4) What, in fact, is appropriate self-disclosure within the interpersonal transaction? and (5) How can self-disclosure be facilitated to enhance the interpersonal process of communication?Although numerous theorists have attempted to define the process, the definitions have been inconsistent and somewhat vague. The study suggested that self-disclosure is not realistic in the everyday communication transaction, and attempted to illustrate how communication could be enhanced through a modified approach to self-disclosure. This approach included the utilization of a supportive climate and the giving and receiving of constructive feedback. The modified approach was illustrated through the use of the Johari Window.Further research was suggested to determine the effects of interpersonal trust and the effects of attitudes on the self-disclosing process.

Since the nineteen-eighties, HIV prevention programs around the world have continuously expanded in attempts to meet challenges in the fight against HIV/AIDS. These programs are generally based on primary prevention, which uses Information Education and Communication (IEC) to modify individual behavior. In Africa, as in many underdeveloped countries, various country-specific studies report that a majority of the population is knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS, and how to prevent transmission. Yet while studies show a relatively strong link between education and behavior modification in developed countries, that link appears to be much weaker in less developed regions, including Africa. The literature identifies social and economic factors, especially gender inequalities and poverty, as significant obstacles to behavior change. This thesis assesses the impact of these factors in the Copperbelt region in Zambia, finding significant evidence that both social and economic factors operate as fundamental obstacles to behavior change. These findings suggest that HIV interventions need to go beyond IEC to deal with broader community development challenges. Gender imbalances play a particularly large role, and the findings suggest a desperate need for gender specific interventions targeting men.

Yuk Yee Jessica Kwong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-47). / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Emotion theories from social and functionalist perspectives have greatly emphasized the importance of relationship contexts for emotions (Carolyn, 2004; Lazarus, 1991), yet relatively few empirical efforts have been spent on exploring whether and how individuals differentially deal with anger under different relationship contexts. Study 1 investigated how individuals' anger responses might vary with relationship contexts across cultural contexts. Two hundred and sixty-six participants from America, Hong Kong and Mainland China reported their responses toward anger-eliciting scenarios that were elicited by a kin, a close or a casual friend. Results indicated that, after controlling for demographic variables, personality, and relationship qualities, individuals displayed a higher level of direct and replaced aggression but a lower level of cognitive reappraisal and indirect aggression in kinship than in the two types of friendships across the three samples. While Hong Kong Chinese displayed a higher level of fractious motives in kinship than in two types of friendships, Mainland Chinese displayed a lower level of malevolent motives in kinship than in two types of friendships. / To resolve the controversy between two interpretations for the above relationship effect on anger response, we conducted an experiment to examine the roles of approach and avoidance motives in determining relationship effects on anger responses in Study 2. One hundred and fifty two Hong Kong Chinese female participants' anger responses during emotion recalling tasks were assessed in terms of subjective feeling, physiological arousal and facial expression, after approach and avoidance motives were manipulated. Results revealed that, even after controlling for relevant personality traits, demographic variables, and relationship qualities, individuals displayed a higher level of anger-related subjective feeling and facial expression in kinship than in friendship. Such relationship effects were reversed and disappeared when approach and avoidance motives. In addition, we found that approach motives reduced individuals' sympathetic activation to anger-eliciting events in kinship, and avoidance motives lowered individuals' parasympathetic activation to happy events in friendship. The above findings have great implications for anger regulation and health promotion under relationship contexts. / You, Jin. / Adviser: Helene H. L. Fung. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-01, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-92). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

This thesis explores antecedents and effects of public and private acculturation preferences of minority and majority group members. By differentiating between acculturation in public domains (outside one's home) and private domains (at home), and by reporting experiments, longitudinal data, and qualitative data, this thesis provides fuller insights in the acculturation process than previous literature, which has predominantly been correlational and lacked domain specificity. Chapter one provides a critical overview of the acculturation literature. Chapter two describes the results of three experiments investigating domain specificity in meta-perceptions of acculturation. In Study 1, we manipulated how Muslims were perceived to acculturate in public domains, and investigated how this affected own acculturation preferences and affective reactions of British majority members. Study 2 was similar, but perceived private acculturation preferences were manipulated too. In Study 3, we examined how the public and private acculturation preferences which British majority members were perceived to have affected own acculturation preferences and affective reactions of Muslim minority members. Chapter three presents Studies 4 and 5 which experimentally investigated the effect of perceived ingroup norms about acculturation preferences for public and private life domains. Dependent variables were majority members' own acculturation preferences for public and private domains, their investment in acculturation, and positive affect felt towards their own ingroup members. This was studied in both England and Chile. Chapter four looks into effects of public and private acculturation of Muslim minority members on their well-being and intergroup emotions. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal data are presented from two samples: Muslims in England (Study 6) and Muslims in the Netherlands (Study 7). Chapter five reports interviews with fourteen Muslims living in England in which they explain their reasons for their public and private acculturation choices (Study 8). Chapter six summarises the findings, and discusses implications and directions for future research.

Hui, Chin Ming. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-70). / Abstracts in English and Chinese.