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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Interpretação da isenção tributária relacionada aos direitos humanos

Libonati Júnior, Ageu 16 February 2016 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ageu Libonati Junior.pdf: 1491313 bytes, checksum: 6538878ff3c8597ea2f029b85b469926 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / The tax exemption when related to human rights, must admit ample means of investigation, not restricted to the literal plane or grammar. Thus, it examined the international and domestic legislation of the Brazilian state, noting to national and foreign doctrine, and the study of judgments of Brazilian courts. Was researched and analyzed the relevant case law under the higher courts, involving the environment, hospital services, and the exemptions related to serious illness and labor income earned by diplomatic servers from foreign governments and international organizations that Brazil is a member or have by treaty or convention. Thus, the objective of this doctoral thesis is to demonstrate that the tax exemption related to the effectiveness of human rights admit large research methods, not limited to the literal or grammatical method. Thus, traditional methods of interpretation of the legal rule in the Brazilian doctrine were investigated, not running out on them, since the present work is to study the interpretation of tax exemption related to human rights. The objective is of paramount importance because the fiscalist character of national legislation related to the exemption, requiring a restrictive interpretation of the exemption rule. And that it is unacceptable because human rights are positivized in the Brazilian constitutional system, as fundamental rights, as is observed Article 5 of the Federal Constitution. Moreover, the Constitution, in Articles 1 to 4, ruled that the Federative Republic of Brazil is founded on the dignity of the human person and social work values and goals to eradicate poverty and marginalization, the prevalence of human rights all closely related to human rights. Thus, the interpretation of tax exemptions related to human rights should be focused on the fundamentals, objectives, principles that lead the Federative Republic of Brazil, and invalidated the norm that restricts the methods of interpretation. We concluded in the end that the interpretation of tax exemptions related human rights can not ignore the legal reality that those won special mention in the Constitution, becoming the standards of the most important in the system. Thus, we demonstrate satisfactorily and with support in elite doctrine that the tax exemption when related to human rights, allow ample means of investigation, because there is a deep relationship between the Constitution and human rights, which authorizes us to conclude that all interpretation and assertiveness of law must take into account the Universal Declaration of Human Rights / A isenção tributária, quando relacionada aos direitos humanos, deve admitir amplos meios de investigação, não se restringido ao plano de literalidade ou gramatical. Dessa forma, o objetivo da presente tese é demonstrar que a isenção tributária relacionada à efetividade dos direitos humanos admite amplos métodos de investigação. Neste sentido por meio de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica examinamos legislação internacional e interna do estado brasileiro, anotando-se a doutrina nacional e estrangeira, bem como o estudo de decisões judiciais dos tribunais brasileiro. Pesquisamos e analisamos ainda a jurisprudência de relevo, no âmbito dos tribunais superiores, envolvendo o meio ambiente, os serviços hospitalares, as isenções relacionadas a doenças graves e os rendimentos do trabalho auferidos por servidores diplomáticos de governos estrangeiros e de organismos internacionais de que o Brasil faz parte ou se tenha por tratado ou convênio. Utilizamos os métodos tradicionais de interpretação da norma jurídica na doutrina brasileira, não nos atendo somente a esses, uma vez que este trabalho tem por estudo a interpretação da isenção tributária relacionada aos direitos humanos. A relevância científica e social deste tema denota que o caráter fiscalista da legislação nacional, relacionado à desoneração, impõe uma interpretação restritiva da norma de isenção. Dentre os resultados encontrados, isso não é aceitável, pois os direitos humanos estão positivados no sistema constitucional brasileiro, como direitos fundamentais, consoante observamos no artigo 5º da Constituição Federal. Ademais, a Carta Magna, em seus artigos 1º a 4º, determinou que a República Federativa do Brasil tem como fundamentos a dignidade da pessoa humana e os valores sociais do trabalho e, como escopo, erradicar a pobreza e a marginalização, todos intimamente relacionados com os direitos humanos. Assim, a interpretação das isenções tributárias deve estar focada nos fundamentos, objetivos e princípios que conduzem a República Federativa do Brasil, sendo invalidada a norma que restringe os métodos de interpretação. Concluímos que a interpretação das isenções tributárias não pode ignorar a realidade jurídica de que aqueles ganharam especial destaque no texto constitucional, constituindo-se nas normas das mais importantes no sistema. Demonstramos, então, com amparo na doutrina de escol, que a isenção tributária, quando voltada aos direitos humanos, admite amplos meios de investigação, pois existe profunda relação entre o texto constitucional e os direitos humanos, o que nos autoriza deduzir que toda a interpretação e a positivação do direito tem que levar em consideração a Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem
2

La bioéthique et les contradictions normatives du droit international

Marechal, Romain 22 July 2013 (has links)
Le droit international de la bioéthique, construction récente affiliée au système des droits de l'homme, s'élabore au carrefour de plusieurs ordres normatifs et sollicite, du point de vue de sa mise en œuvre, l'intervention d'une multitude de systèmes de régulation et de systèmes juridiques. Dans le contexte d'une crise de la régulation et compte tenu de la complexification et de la fragmentation du droit international, cette thèse propose de reconstruire une ontologie unitaire de l'ordre juridique international à partir d'une critique de l'épistémologie positiviste et de la conception de la mécanique normative qu'elle suppose. La bioéthique qui se conçoit comme une discipline de questionnement critique des principes qui fondent l'action humaine, opère tel un révélateur des contradictions normatives qui agissent au cœur de la structure des systèmes et des ordres juridiques. Ainsi, à partir de l'étude des conflits de valeurs, des conflits de normes, des conflits de droits, des conflits de systèmes juridiques et compte tenu de l'analyse des méthodes de neutralisation et de résolution mise en œuvre, au sein des différents systèmes juridiques, pour les traiter, cette thèse démontre la nécessité de concevoir le droit international comme un système dynamique, composé de normes et d'institutions entretenant entre eux des rapports de légitimité et d'effectivité, dont l'évolution générale est caractérisée par la non-linéarité. Dans cette perspective, cette thèse invite à concevoir la constitutionnalisation du droit international comme un processus dialectique impliquant une multitude de systèmes juridiques et institutionnels. / Bioethics in the field of human rights is a recent corpus of the international law. Biolaw instruments' had been elaborated at the crossroads of several normative orders.Their implementation requires the mobilization of a multitude of regulation systems. In the context of a crisis of legal regulation and considering the complexity and fragmentation of international law, this thesis suggests reconstructing a unified ontology of international law based on a critical appreciation of positivist epistemology. Bioethics, conceived as a critical discipline used to question principles which orient and justify human actions, reveals normative contradictions embedded in the structure of legal systems. Based on the study of conflicts between ethical values or between fundamental rights, norms conflict, conflict between legal systems and after having analyzed the methods used by international institutions to neutralize or resolve such contradictions, this thesis demonstrate the necessity to conceive international legal order as a dynamic system composed with heterogeneous norms and institutions linked by legitimacy and effectivity relationships. The evolution of international law can be characterized by non linearity and constitutionalization of international legal order appears as a dialectical process which requires the intervention of multiple international institutions and legal sub-systems.

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