Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-220). / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / xviii, 220 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

The Swedish city of Umeå is one amongst other cities that has a focus on the increase in the bicycling usage. The municipality of Umeå aims to make public transport, bicycling and walking the most frequently used modes of transport in the city (Umeå kommun, 2017b). There are both positive and negative effects when people are using the bicycle as a mode of transportation. The positive aspects can be increase in health benefits, more environmentally friendly than other transport options and it is a relatively cheap way to transport oneself. The negative aspects can be that more people get hurt due to the risks with bicycling such as physical infrastructure related hazards. The aim of this thesis is to explore if the number of roads in an intersection has any correlation with the amount and severity of accidents and to analyse it in the scope of sustainable development and accessibility. This was done with the quantitative database STRADA which consists of both hospital data and police data on bicycles accidents in the timespan of 2008-2018. The chosen study area was Umeå but with two more specific locations: the city centre and the campus area. Two different approaches were used to utilize the data from STRADA: GIS to create descriptive maps and calculations of the bicycle accidents and logistics-regressions to investigate the accident severity relation to a certain number of chosen variables. The main findings were that it is important that every aspect of bicycling should be as safe as possible otherwise many beneficial effects with bicycling may disappear, such as the ones with sustainable development and accessibility. The results show that there was one type of intersection that had relevance and that was the intersections with three roads in it. Three road intersections were significant in two ways. The first way was that it caused an increased risk in more severe accidents and the second way had an opposite relationship and this was depending on what type of geographical place one was looking at. As with other risk factors there were many variables that affected the outcome of the risk. In Umeå it seemed that people that were over age 39, accidents with vehicles and winter were factors alongside with the three road intersections.

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<p>In this thesis, for symplectic and split odd special orthogonal groups over a p-adic field, we provide an extensive account of the intersection of local Arthur packets. More specifically, following Atobe's reformulation of Moeglin's construction of local Arthur packets, we give precise algorithms to determine whether a given representation lies in any local Arthur packet. Furthermore, if the representation does lie in a local Arthur packet, we give a systematic approach to determine all the other local Arthur packets which also contain the representation. These algorithms are based on certain operators which act on certain construction data coming from Atobe's parametrization of the local Arthur packets.</p>

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<p>An experimental investigation was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of repairing and retrofitting the intersections of flanged concrete block shear walls using surface-bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates for seismic load applications. A total of 18 specially designed flange-web intersecting wall assemblages were tested using 5 different schemes. Tests included wall intersections reinforced with unidirectional FRP with the fibers oriented perpendicular to loading direction (90°), parallel to loading direction (0°) and bi-directional (90°/0°), (90°/0°)2 and (45°/135°) to applied load direction. The behaviour of each wall specimen is discussed with respect to its failure mode, strength and deformation characteristics. Results showed that the laminates significantly increased the shear strength of concrete block shear walls junction. In addition, the fiber orientation influenced the failure mode, strength and stiffness. Moreover, depending on the fiber orientation, a significant enhancement to the post-peak load energy absorption capacity of the web-flange intersection can occur. The improved post-peak behaviour addressed the benefits of retrofitting concrete block wall intersections for seismic load applications. The FRP-retrofitted specimens were capable of reaching between 90% to 390% increase in strength compared to the umetrofitted specimen constructed with traditional steel joint reinforcement.</p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

En analyse de tolérances géométriques, une approche consiste à manipuler des polyèdres de R' issus d’ensembles de contraintes linéaires. La position relative entre deux surfaces quelconques d'un mécanisme est déterminée par des opérations (somme de Minkowski et intersection) sur ces polyèdres. Ces polyèdres ne sont pas bornés selon les déplacements illimités dus aux degrés d’invariance des surfaces et aux degrés de liberté des liaisons.Dans une première partie sont introduits des demi-espaces "bouchons" destinés à limiter ces déplacements afin de transformer les polyèdres en polytopes. Cette méthode implique de maîtriser l’influence des demi-espaces bouchons sur la topologie des polytopes résultants. Ceci est primordial pour garantir la traçabilité de ces demi-espaces dans le processus d’analyse de tolérances.Une seconde partie dresse un inventaire des problématiques de mise en oeuvre numérique des polytopes. L’une d’entre elles repose sur le choix d’une configuration de calcul (point et base d’expression, coefficients d’homogénéisation) pour définir un polytope. Après avoir montré que le changement de configuration de calcul est une transformation affine, plusieurs stratégies de simulations sont déclinées afin d’appréhender les problèmes de précision numérique et de temps de calculs. / In geometric tolerancing analysis area, a classical approach consists in handling polyhedrons coming from sets of linear constraints. The relative position between any two surfaces of a mechanism is determined by operations (Minkowski sum and intersection) on these polyhedrons. The polyhedrons are generally unbounded due to the inclusion of degrees of invariance for surfaces and degrees of freedom for joints defining theoretically unlimited displacements.In a first part are introduced the cap half-spaces to limit these displacements in order to transform the polyhedron into polytopes. This method requires controlling the influence of these additional half-spaces on the topology of calculated polytopes. This is necessary to ensure the traceability of these half-spaces through the tolerancing analysis process.A second part provides an inventory of the issues related to the numerical implementation of polytopes. One of them depends on the choice of a computation configuration (expression point and base, homogenization coefficients) to define a polytope. After proving that the modification of a computation configuration is an affine transformation, several simulation strategies are listed in order to understand the problems of numerical precision and computation time.

Major safety concerns are present at rural high speed intersections. When long uninterrupted tangents are located near rural intersections, the drivers can become inattentive to upcoming decision points. Traffic control devices could aid in mitigating these occurrences by warning drivers of upcoming decision points. One such device is transverse rumble strips, which act to provide motorists with an audible and tactile warning that their vehicle is approaching a decision point of critical importance to safety. The objective of this research was to determine if the presence of transverse rumble strips were an effective warning device for drivers approaching rural stop-controlled intersections. To evaluate the effectiveness of transverse rumble strips, vehicle speeds were measured at three locations along the approach to an intersection both before and after the installation of rumble strips. Vehicle speeds were measured at nine rural stop-controlled intersection sites in Texas. Overall, the installation of rumble strips generally produced small, but statistically significant (p ? 0.05), reductions in traffic speeds. There were some negative driver behavioral impacts (i.e., speed increases) that occurred after the installation of rumble strips. There were a few instances where speed change reductions of greater than 1 mph occurred, however, the overall trend was that speed change reductions were equal to or less than 1 mph. Although the rumble strips did not produce meaningful reductions in traffic speeds, they should still be considered based upon previous accident reductions and minimal installation costs.