Cette recherche est menée à partir de données primaires recueillies par sondage pour les besoins de l’étude conduite par Mazalon et Bourdon (2011) sur les caractéristiques, milieux et habitudes de vie des élèves de la formation professionnelle de la Commission scolaire de la Beauce-Etchemin (CSBE) dans le cadre du Centre d’études et de recherches sur les transitions et l’apprentissage (CÉRTA) de l’Université de Sherbrooke. Notre travail se propose d’explorer les caractéristiques des jeunes de 16-24 ans inscrits en FP dans la CSBE et les types d’obstacles à leur participation à la formation. Les analyses descriptives effectuées ont permis d’identifier les principales caractéristiques de la population ciblée afin d’en dresser le portrait. Les variables liées aux obstacles à la participation des jeunes à la formation, soumises à l’analyse factorielle ont été regroupées en quatre catégories (situationnelle, institutionnelle, dispositionnelle et informationnelle) correspondant, dans l’ensemble, aux catégories conceptuelles de Cross (1981) en plus de l’ajout de la dimension psychosociale à la catégorie dispositionnelle et de la catégorie informationnelle de Darkenwald et Merriam (1982). Cependant, parmi les obstacles identifiés, certains figurent dans des catégories où leur présence est discutable. L’explication de ces cas, peu nombreux, n’est pas évidente, mais les hypothèses liées au fait que Cross (1981) estime que ses catégories ne sont pas rigides dans leur composition et à l’effet probable de la formulation des questions proposées, pourraient être retenues.

No description available.

<p>As the globalization continues to intensify, companies around the world are increasingly looking for business opportunities outside the borders of their home country. In order to be successful and take advantage of low cost opportunities offered in other countries the need for free trade agreements is something all companies should be lobbying for.</p><p>The majority of the Southeast Asian countries are considered underdeveloped and compared to most European countries they are far behind when it comes to political as well as economical developments. Besides, European and Asian countries have very diverse historical backgrounds and peoples’ behaviors differ a lot causing culture clashes and nontariff barriers to trade to arise.</p><p>With the purpose of studying how Swedish companies operating in Southeast Asia can overcome trade obstacles and what impact an EU-ASEAN FTA may have when doing business in the region, the authors have carried out in-depth interviews with five Swedish companies based in Singapore. The thesis covers the different issues Swedish companies face when trading with counterparties in the region and answers the below stated research questions:</p><p>- Which are the main obstacles for Swedish companies to trade within Southeast Asia?</p><p>- How can Swedish companies operating in Southeast Asia overcome these obstacles to trade from a management perspective?</p><p>- What impact can the current EU-ASEAN FTA have on Swedish companies’ potential to succeed in doing business in Southeast Asia?</p><p>The interviews have been put in perspective with the help of theories within obstacles to trade, cultural diversity, economic integration, and FTAs and the main conclusion from the thesis is that all interviewed companies face at least some barriers to trade when operating in the region. Most companies said to have little or no exposure to the tariffs laid out in the region. Only those companies trading frequently with Europe, China, and India regarded tariffs as a somewhat critical obstacle. However, all companies stressed the non-tariff barriers as more severe, especially bureaucracy and time-consuming trade procedures with excessive regulations and administrative practices. Corruption and certain cultural differences</p><p>were other major obstacles to trade.</p><p>There are several ways to overcome existing obstacles to trade through management practices.</p><p>One way is to educate and inform the workers about the cultural differences and the specific business procedures in the countries. Managers should also try to make use of the local employees that possess valuable knowledge about the market.</p><p>A deeper economic integration through EU and ASEAN will eliminate tariffs among the member countries and harmonize business procedures and regulations. With this free trade liberalization, non-tariff barriers to trade will also be reduced as countries and cultures become more unified. The majority of the interviewed companies said they believe they would have little or no use of a potential EU-ASEAN FTA. As the companies are all based in Singapore, which is considered a very liberal and business friendly country, this could be the reason not seeing the actual benefits of collaboration. Nevertheless, all companies agreed the benefits of a potential collaboration to be more than just lower tariffs and pointed to increased integration between people and greater knowledge and understanding between the countries.</p>

As the globalization continues to intensify, companies around the world are increasingly looking for business opportunities outside the borders of their home country. In order to be successful and take advantage of low cost opportunities offered in other countries the need for free trade agreements is something all companies should be lobbying for. The majority of the Southeast Asian countries are considered underdeveloped and compared to most European countries they are far behind when it comes to political as well as economical developments. Besides, European and Asian countries have very diverse historical backgrounds and peoples’ behaviors differ a lot causing culture clashes and nontariff barriers to trade to arise. With the purpose of studying how Swedish companies operating in Southeast Asia can overcome trade obstacles and what impact an EU-ASEAN FTA may have when doing business in the region, the authors have carried out in-depth interviews with five Swedish companies based in Singapore. The thesis covers the different issues Swedish companies face when trading with counterparties in the region and answers the below stated research questions: - Which are the main obstacles for Swedish companies to trade within Southeast Asia? - How can Swedish companies operating in Southeast Asia overcome these obstacles to trade from a management perspective? - What impact can the current EU-ASEAN FTA have on Swedish companies’ potential to succeed in doing business in Southeast Asia? The interviews have been put in perspective with the help of theories within obstacles to trade, cultural diversity, economic integration, and FTAs and the main conclusion from the thesis is that all interviewed companies face at least some barriers to trade when operating in the region. Most companies said to have little or no exposure to the tariffs laid out in the region. Only those companies trading frequently with Europe, China, and India regarded tariffs as a somewhat critical obstacle. However, all companies stressed the non-tariff barriers as more severe, especially bureaucracy and time-consuming trade procedures with excessive regulations and administrative practices. Corruption and certain cultural differences were other major obstacles to trade. There are several ways to overcome existing obstacles to trade through management practices. One way is to educate and inform the workers about the cultural differences and the specific business procedures in the countries. Managers should also try to make use of the local employees that possess valuable knowledge about the market. A deeper economic integration through EU and ASEAN will eliminate tariffs among the member countries and harmonize business procedures and regulations. With this free trade liberalization, non-tariff barriers to trade will also be reduced as countries and cultures become more unified. The majority of the interviewed companies said they believe they would have little or no use of a potential EU-ASEAN FTA. As the companies are all based in Singapore, which is considered a very liberal and business friendly country, this could be the reason not seeing the actual benefits of collaboration. Nevertheless, all companies agreed the benefits of a potential collaboration to be more than just lower tariffs and pointed to increased integration between people and greater knowledge and understanding between the countries.

<p>This is a case study about a singing student who was certain she could not learn to sing. The student had built up great mental obstacles around her singing ability, and the study brings up these obstacles and the processes involved while trying to overcome them.</p><p>The purpose of this study is to look into the train of thoughts around the teaching and the exercises used. The study also illuminates the processes the student and the teacher went through together, and discusses their meaning and consequence.</p><p>The study is based on notes made by the teacher during 30 lessons, spread out over a period of about two years, and reflections made by the teacher and the student afterwards.</p><p>The result shows some of the processes formed during the work, and that the student could manage more than she thought was possible by developing the right attitude and by gaining access to suitable tools.</p>

This is a case study about a singing student who was certain she could not learn to sing. The student had built up great mental obstacles around her singing ability, and the study brings up these obstacles and the processes involved while trying to overcome them. The purpose of this study is to look into the train of thoughts around the teaching and the exercises used. The study also illuminates the processes the student and the teacher went through together, and discusses their meaning and consequence. The study is based on notes made by the teacher during 30 lessons, spread out over a period of about two years, and reflections made by the teacher and the student afterwards. The result shows some of the processes formed during the work, and that the student could manage more than she thought was possible by developing the right attitude and by gaining access to suitable tools.

Abstract   Emma Bergdahl Obstacles and opportunities among occupational health nurses when implementing healthy eating habits. C thesis in Public Health. Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies. University of Gävle. Autumn 2012   Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate which obstacles and opportunities nurses within occupational health find when trying to implement healthy eating habits among the employees in their respective company. Another objective was to see if the nurses worked according to the Guidelines, issued by the National Board of Health and Welfare. Method: The study was a quantitative study and conducted among nurses in central Sweden. A web survey was distributed to nurses who chose to participate. The response rate was 66 percent. The results were compiled in Excel since the characters and results are displayed in the form of figures, text and quotes. Results: The results showed that the most common obstacles found by nurses when trying to implement healthy eating habits among workers, were lack of motivation, lack of time and finances of companies. The opportunities were motivation, cooperation with other actors and adequate knowledge in the field. Healthy eating habits received low priority among the nurses. Conclusion: Motivation will always be necessary in order to change lifestyle or habits. Therefore, a high priority must be to work more with how to motivate those individuals who may not be so inclined to make a change.

A great deal of research has been done on the adaptive strategies of individuals who have been affected by a gait altering ailment, but there is little research on the adaptive strategies to imposed restrictions in the healthy population. The role of the ankle in healthy gait is to generate a “push-off” force to create forward propulsion of the body (Winter, 2004). The purpose of this thesis was to identify adaptation patterns and compensation strategies in individuals while wearing and not wearing a device to reduce ankle motion(Ankle Motion Minimizer – AMM). Motion capture and force plate data were collected to determine the lower body kinematics and joint powers during both level ground walking and obstacle avoidance tasks. Repeated Measure ANOVAs with an alpha level of 0.05 determined that differences in the ankle angles and the ankle, knee, and hip powers existed between the various conditions. Results showed that participants had a decreased range of motion and power production at the ankle joint while wearing the AMM. Meanwhile, an increase in the power bursts from the ipsilateral knee were observed during the AMM conditions as well as small increases at the contralateral ankle and ipsilateral hip during the unilateral AMM condition. EMG analysis showed a distinct muscle activation pattern for each individual muscle during the different conditions. From this investigation, individuals who are unable to produce power through the ankle joint, were able to increase power propulsion predominately at the knee to compensate for the lack of propulsion provided by the ankle, therefore allowing ambulation to continue.

The purpose of this study was to examine the obstacles and problems prescribers of exercise on prescription (EoP) in primary care in Bollnäs and Söderhamn experience when using the method. It also aimed at examining if the barriers identified in previous studies also will be found in Bollnäs and Söderhamns municipalities. A qualitative study was made and four interviews with the managers of health centers in Bollnäs and Söderhamns municipalities were completed. The only inclusion criteria was that it would be a licensed health care professional at the clinic who work with, and prescribe the EoP. A content analysis was performed, which categorized the statements made according to their content. The results of the study showed that prescribers experienced obstacles and problems with the method. The main reason was lack of time, particularly insufficient time to provide information on adequate physical activity. Another obstacle was difficulties to motivate patients to become more physically active, as well as interoperability issues with politicians and complicated prescription forms. The study confirmed previous research regarding the barriers identified. The basis for the study was small and it is therefore not possible to generalize from the results obtained.

Ο στόχος αυτής της διπλωματικής εργασίας αυτής είναι η ανάπτυξη ενός συστήματος ελέγχου για την κίνηση ενός επίπεδου ρομποτικού βραχίονα πλεονάζοντων βαθμών ελευθερίας με στόχο την αποφυγή εμποδίων έτσι ώστε να αποφευχθεί οποιαδήποτε πιθανή σύγκρουση. Αρχικά γίνεται εισαγωγή στα κινούμενα ρομπότ και στις παραμέτρους που τα χαρακτηρίζουν. Επίσης δεδομένου ότι η επικοινωνία του ρομπότ με το περιβάλλον γίνεται μέσω αισθητήρων γίνεται μια εισαγωγή για τη γενική λειτουργία αυτών. Πιο συγκεκριμένα αυτή η εργασία πραγματεύεται τους ρομποτικούς βραχίονες οι οποίοι είναι αρθρωτά ρομπότ η λειτουργία των οποίων είναι παρόμοια με αυτή του ανθρώπινου βραχίονα. Τέλος γίνεται αναφορά στους αισθητήρες θερμοκρασίας και συγκεκριμένα σε αυτούς που παρέχουν οι ολοκληρωμένες πλατφόρμες Telos motes οι οποίες συνδυάζουν χαμηλή κατανάλωση ισχύος και δυνατότητα ασύρματης μετάδοσης δεδομένων. Για να προσομοιώσουμε την αποφυγή εμποδίων και στη συνέχεια να εκτελέσουμε το πείραμα χρειάστηκε πρώτα να μελετήσουμε το ευθύ κινηματικό πρόβλημα, το οποίο προσδιορίζει τη θέση του τελικού σημείου όταν γνωρίζουμε τις γωνίες των συνδέσμων του βραχίονα. Επιπρόσθετα παρουσιάζεται το μαθηματικό μοντέλλο της θεωρίας της αποφυγής εμποδίων και η τελική εξίσωση η οποία εφαρμόζεται στον επαναληπτικό αλγόριθμο της αποφυγής. Σε αυτή την εργασία δεν ασχολούμαστε καθόλου με τη δυναμική των ρομπότ. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο προσομοιώνουμε με τη βοήθεια του λογισμικού πακέτου MATLAB την αποφυγή εμποδίων θεωρώντας πολλές περιπτώσεις ρομπότ διαφόρων βαθμών ελευθερίας και ποικίλων εμποδίων στο περιβάλλον του βραχίονα. Η στρατηγική αποφυγής έγγυται στο να προσδώσουμε στα σημεία του βραχίονα που απειλούνται από ενδεχόμενα εμπόδια μία ταχύτητα έτσι ώστε να τα οδηγήσει μακρύα από αυτά. Για να γίνει αυτό χωρίς να διακοπέι η πρωτεύουσα εργασία του ρομπότ, η οποία είναι η τοποθέτηση του τελικού σημείου δράσης σε ένα σημείο του επιπέδου, χρειάζεται ο βραχίονας να διαθέτει πλεονάζοντες βαθμούς ελευθερίας ώστε να είναι αρκετά ευέλικτος σε ένα περιβάλλον με εμπόδια. Σε τελικό στάδιο παρουσιάζεται η πειραματική αποφυγή ενός εμποδίου χρησιμοποιώντας το λογισμικό Lab VIEW για την επικοινωνία του χρήστη με ένα ρομποτικό βραχίονα τριών βαθμών ελευθερίας. Εδώ εφαρμόσαμε για πρώτη φορά τη θεωρία της ανάδρασης δεδομένου ότι λόγω θορύβου και μηχανικών τριβών στα γρανάζια των επενεργητών η πραγματική θέση του ρομπότ θα διαφέρει από την επιθυμητή. Για μέτρηση της πραγματικής θέσης χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δύο ψηφιακοί και ένας οπτικός encoders. Τέλος για αισθητήρα χρησιμοποιήσαμε ένα Telos mote για αναγνώριση θερμοκρασίας του εμποδίου το οποίο ήτανε μια πηγή φλόγας. Με κατάλληλους μετασχηματισμόυς μετατρέψαμε αυτή τη μέτρηση θερμοκρασίας σε απόσταση η οποία είναι και η απόσταση του εμποδίου από το βραχίονα. Στο τελευταίο κεφάλαιο συνοψίζουμε τα αποτελέσματα της προσομοίωσης και του πειράματος και παραθέτουμε προτάσεις για περεταίρω έρευνα καθώς και για βελτίωση των αποτελεσμάτων σε μελλοντικά πειράματα. Εντέλει, αυτή η εργασία αποτελεί μία εισαγωγή στη ρομποτική και σε πειράματα ελεγχόμενα από ηλεκτρονικό υπολογιστή και τονίζει τη σπουδαιότητα της χρήσης τον ρομπότ στη σύγχρονη επιστήμη. / -