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Internal and External factors hampering SME growth : a qualitative case study of SMEs in ThailandPoblete, Leon, Grimsholm, Elin January 2010 (has links)
<p>Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand are very important to economic growth and considerably essential to generate employment as in many other developing countries. SMEs account for 99.5% of the overall enterprises in Thailand while their contribution to the overall employment account for around 76% of all jobs. However, SMEs growth rate is still at a low level. Hence, this is qualitative study of the external and internal factors hampering the growth of SMEs in Thailand. Regarding external factors, there are a number of obstacles constraining their growth such as access to finance, competition, corruption, barriers to trade and macroeconomic factors as amongst some of the most significant issues. In terms of internal factors, there are also important constrains hindering their growth, for instance, poor management competences, lack of skilled labour, deficiencies in marketing strategies, little efforts on R&D, lack of new technology and low awareness concerning CSR are identified as some of the most important obstacles. <strong></strong></p>
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Progression ou régression dans les hautes sphères de la direction : qu'en est-il de la perception des femmes cadres des entreprises publiques?Bastien, Christine 29 March 2011 (has links)
Pour cette thèse de recherche, nous nous sommes intéressées à la perception des femmes gestionnaires des entreprises publiques dans le secteur des communications, quant à leurs conditions de travail, notamment les obstacles et les facteurs de réussite rencontrés au cours de leur progression de carrière. Au Québec et ailleurs en occident, les mouvements féministes ont lutté pour que les femmes soient reconnues au même titre que les hommes et aient les mêmes droits face à l’État. Ainsi les femmes ont eu accès, entres autres, à la contraception et aux études supérieures. Ces pionnières sont donc entrées dans des milieux traditionnellement masculins, un changement qui provoqua plusieurs réactions négatives de la part des partisans et partisanes du statu quo. Ces femmes se retrouvaient en minorité, notamment dans les hautes sphères de la gestion, niveau cadre.
Aujourd’hui, les femmes cadres sont toujours en minorité, une bonne vingtaine d’années après que les premières femmes soient entrées à ces niveaux. Dans ce contexte, il est plausible de penser, avec les théories de l’identité sociale et du changement, que les femmes cadres font face à différents obstacles lors de leur progression de carrière, de même que certains facteurs favorisant leur réussite dans l’ascension de la hiérarchie. Ainsi, cette thèse aborde un sujet dans la continuité des recherches féministes qui semblent de plus en plus oubliées, alors que l’égalité entre les hommes et les femmes n’est pas atteinte. Les résultats obtenus entendent garder vivant le sujet des femmes comme groupe minoritaire, pour ne pas oublier que les obstacles qu’elles rencontrent sont bien réels mais plus sournois qu’auparavant. Quant aux facteurs de réussite, les résultats obtenus sont encourageants et apportent de l’espoir, toujours pour la quête de l’égalité entre les hommes et les femmes, ici, en milieu de travail.
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You never run out of 'why' : critical thinking and pre-service teachersLuukkonen, David Walter 10 July 2008
Education literature is replete with articles on critical thinking in secondary and post secondary education. However, the bulk of this literature focuses on the process from the educators perspective of student performance and understanding of critical thinking. Very little research seems to have been done to uncover what the students themselves may think. <p>This thesis attempts to address this lack of enquiry into student perceptions by illuminating how a group of pre-service teachers (and one long service master teacher) have experienced critical thinking in their education, and how they define and understand it. The thesis consists of a literature review that briefly examines the history of critical thinking in education, and how student understandings of critical thinking are perceived by professors and others at the post secondary level.<p>Then, through a series of semi-structured interviews, the thesis examines the perspectives of eleven participants in comparison to those commonly held by writers and educators in the field. The data indicate that most of the participants did not acknowledge encountering critical thinking methodologies or structures during their K-12 education in any significant way, and that K-12 did not prepare them for critical thinking at the University level- and in fact often did not meet the criteria laid out in Saskatchewan Curricula. This finding is in general agreement with the literature. However, in addition, most of the students asserted that their experience indicated that high level critical thinking was not actually required for success at the undergraduate level.<p>The data from this thesis suggest that further study may be useful in understanding how critical thinking may be better taught and encouraged at all levels of education.
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Three-dimensional analysis of airflow and temperature in a thyristor valve hallBerg, Jeffrey R 10 April 2006 (has links)
A numerical analysis is performed for the three-dimensional, turbulent flow of air in a thyristor valve hall located at the Dorsey Converter Station, owned and operated by Manitoba Hydro. The goal of this analysis was to determine the configurations that result in increased air-side cooling effectiveness in the valve hall. The governing equations are solved using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code CFX-5. This computer code uses a finite volume method of solution and is based on a finite element approach for representing the geometry. The effects of inlet and outlet opening geometry, inlet air mass flow rate, and inlet air angle on the thermal performance for the air-side cooling of the thyristor valve hall geometry are examined. / May 2006
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Progression ou régression dans les hautes sphères de la direction : qu'en est-il de la perception des femmes cadres des entreprises publiques?Bastien, Christine 29 March 2011 (has links)
Pour cette thèse de recherche, nous nous sommes intéressées à la perception des femmes gestionnaires des entreprises publiques dans le secteur des communications, quant à leurs conditions de travail, notamment les obstacles et les facteurs de réussite rencontrés au cours de leur progression de carrière. Au Québec et ailleurs en occident, les mouvements féministes ont lutté pour que les femmes soient reconnues au même titre que les hommes et aient les mêmes droits face à l’État. Ainsi les femmes ont eu accès, entres autres, à la contraception et aux études supérieures. Ces pionnières sont donc entrées dans des milieux traditionnellement masculins, un changement qui provoqua plusieurs réactions négatives de la part des partisans et partisanes du statu quo. Ces femmes se retrouvaient en minorité, notamment dans les hautes sphères de la gestion, niveau cadre.
Aujourd’hui, les femmes cadres sont toujours en minorité, une bonne vingtaine d’années après que les premières femmes soient entrées à ces niveaux. Dans ce contexte, il est plausible de penser, avec les théories de l’identité sociale et du changement, que les femmes cadres font face à différents obstacles lors de leur progression de carrière, de même que certains facteurs favorisant leur réussite dans l’ascension de la hiérarchie. Ainsi, cette thèse aborde un sujet dans la continuité des recherches féministes qui semblent de plus en plus oubliées, alors que l’égalité entre les hommes et les femmes n’est pas atteinte. Les résultats obtenus entendent garder vivant le sujet des femmes comme groupe minoritaire, pour ne pas oublier que les obstacles qu’elles rencontrent sont bien réels mais plus sournois qu’auparavant. Quant aux facteurs de réussite, les résultats obtenus sont encourageants et apportent de l’espoir, toujours pour la quête de l’égalité entre les hommes et les femmes, ici, en milieu de travail.
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You never run out of 'why' : critical thinking and pre-service teachersLuukkonen, David Walter 10 July 2008 (has links)
Education literature is replete with articles on critical thinking in secondary and post secondary education. However, the bulk of this literature focuses on the process from the educators perspective of student performance and understanding of critical thinking. Very little research seems to have been done to uncover what the students themselves may think. <p>This thesis attempts to address this lack of enquiry into student perceptions by illuminating how a group of pre-service teachers (and one long service master teacher) have experienced critical thinking in their education, and how they define and understand it. The thesis consists of a literature review that briefly examines the history of critical thinking in education, and how student understandings of critical thinking are perceived by professors and others at the post secondary level.<p>Then, through a series of semi-structured interviews, the thesis examines the perspectives of eleven participants in comparison to those commonly held by writers and educators in the field. The data indicate that most of the participants did not acknowledge encountering critical thinking methodologies or structures during their K-12 education in any significant way, and that K-12 did not prepare them for critical thinking at the University level- and in fact often did not meet the criteria laid out in Saskatchewan Curricula. This finding is in general agreement with the literature. However, in addition, most of the students asserted that their experience indicated that high level critical thinking was not actually required for success at the undergraduate level.<p>The data from this thesis suggest that further study may be useful in understanding how critical thinking may be better taught and encouraged at all levels of education.
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Rural Member-Based Microfinance Institutions : A field study assessing the impacts of SACCOS and VICOBA in Babati district, TanzaniaAhlén, Marie January 2012 (has links)
Microfinance has spread rapidly since the 1970s and gained a lot of international attention. Advocates mean it is a good way to reduce poverty, but still there is no consensus within the research about the impacts of microfinance and its contribution to poverty reduction.The aim of this study is to assess the members’ perceptions about the impacts of the rural member-based microfinance institutions (MFIs), Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOS) and Village Community Bank (VICOBA), on members’ socio-economic situation as well as their perceptions about the contribution to poverty reduction and to identify potential obstacles. The study is mainly based on individual semi-structured interviews with members of SACCOS and VICOBA conducted between February and April 2012 in Babati district Tanzania and earlier research and studies within the area of microfinance and poverty reduction make up the theoretical framework. There is a general agreement among the members interviewed that these MFIs have positive impacts on their socio-economic situation. The results show that it helps to meet consumption needs, pay school fees, run small businesses, increase and diversify the income and the majority also believes that it can be a useful tool for poverty reduction. However, it doesn’t lead to poverty reduction automatically, it depends on how the loans are used and this study identifies several obstacles for SACCOS and VICOBA to be more effective and contribute more to poverty reduction. The main obstacles found are low repayment status, lack of capital and lack of education in both entrepreneurship and how these MFIs operate.
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Customer driven innovationMazur, Olga, Archakova, Katsiaryna January 2011 (has links)
Cooperation between customers and companies has existed for a long time. However, the role of a customer was rather passive and organizations were the ones who dictated their rules and took a leading role in the process of product creation. With a course of time the situation has been changed and customers are becoming more and more involved into the process of cooperation. As a customer driven innovation is relatively new phenomenon, the aim of our study is to examine its status in the modern business world. It can be observed that organizations all around the globe claim about their readiness and willingness to listen to customers and cooperate with them. Companies create customer support sections where they offer to leave complaints, comments and suggestions. Airline companies tend to have such experience. “We want to hear from you. Your feedback is important and helps us become a better airline” claims Delta Airlines. Tiger Airways states “Yes! We want to hear from you! Submit your feedback via our Customer Support Portal”. And there is multitude of such examples. With the help of the investigation of theoretical material, survey conduction and examining practical examples we aim to examine the issue of customer involvement into cooperation with organizations as well as to found out how ready customers are for such collaboration.
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Female and Gender Leadership : Under Representation of Female LeadersAkhtar, Mehreen January 2008 (has links)
When we talk about the females employment in different organization, it is till treated in different disciplines. There are some gaps linked to it which still need to be filled in order to give equal opportunities to females as well. Although, from the last few decades it is been said and noticed that the number of females are rising to the top which is a symbol of progressive social change. However, it is also been noticed that there is still gender inequality in top management positions which leads to under presentation of females in top management position. The society and the masculine man has developed some theories. Due to which, it is been said that female qualities do not contribute to the required management attributes. For instance, In order to have an executive role, a person must be more aggressive, competitive, more task oriented etc. but females always have the opposite qualities. For instance, interpersonal relations, emotional, collaborative etc. This paper is an effort that shows the obstacles that woman faces in order to reach top management positions. Moreover, I also tried to describe that the traditional leadership model is linked to the masculine stereotypes. Henceforth, I tried to explain that the new organizational culture requires also the feminine stereotypes (emotions, interpersonal relations, cooperation etc). So, one could say that the leadership is not just linked to the masculine stereotypes but it also requires more of feminine qualities as well. The empirical study involves the semi structured interviews from men and women on management positions and also general discussions with the public. Based on these interviews and discussions I tried to analyze if both male and female follow the gender stereotypes and if they have difference in leadership styles according to gender. Hence, companies should have a more diversity in their organization in order to have more flexibility in organizational culture.
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Σχεδιασμός κίνησης ρομπότ σε περιβάλλον εμποδίωνΞυδιάς, Ηλίας 03 July 2009 (has links)
Η δημιουργία αυτόνομων ρομπότ (είτε οχημάτων ή αρθρωτών ρομπότ) έχει προσελκύσει το ενδιαφέρον πολλών ερευνητών που ασχολούνται με το αντικείμενο της ρομποτικής. Τα ρομπότ πρέπει να είναι ικανά να δέχονται υψηλού-επιπέδου οδηγίες για την εργασία τους και να την εκτελούν (με το μικρότερο δυνατόν κόστος) παίρνοντας μόνα τους αποφάσεις καθώς κινούνται με ασφάλεια στο χώρο εργασίας τους. Οι οδηγίες θα καθορίζουν τι πρέπει να κάνουν χωρίς να ορίζουν το τρόπο που θα το κάνουν. Αναγνωρίζοντας ότι η εκτέλεση οποιασδήποτε εργασίας από ένα ή περισσότερα ρομπότ είναι μια ακολουθία από διαδοχικές κινήσεις στο χώρο εργασίας τους, το ελάχιστο που μπορεί κάποιος να περιμένει από ένα ρομπότ είναι η ικανότητα δημιουργίας της διαδρομής που πρέπει να ακολουθήσει για να εκτελέσει τις απαιτούμενες εργασίες.
Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η μελέτη και η επίλυση του προβλήματος σχεδιασμού κίνησης για ένα ή περισσότερα ρομπότ (είτε οχημάτων ή βραχιόνων) τα οποία καλούνται να εκτελέσουν μια σειρά από εργασίες. Αρκετές βασικές βιομηχανικές και μη εφαρμογές όπως παραλαβή και παράδοση προϊόντων, συνεχής συγκόλληση, καθαρισμός κτιρίων κτλ, απαιτούν την ομαλή κίνηση του ρομπότ στο χώρο εργασίας του. Το ρομπότ θα πρέπει να αποφεύγει κινούμενα ή ακίνητα εμπόδια ή ακόμη και άλλα ρομπότ τα οποία μπορεί να εργάζονται στον ίδιο χώρο. Η δυσκολία του προβλήματος εξαρτάται από: τη γεωμετρία (πολυπλοκότητα) του περιβάλλοντος, τη διάσταση του χώρου εργασίας, τη διάσταση του ρομπότ και τους κινηματικούς περιορισμούς του ρομπότ.
Αρχικά, έγινε η γενίκευση της Bump-Surface καθώς επίσης και το μαθηματικό της μοντέλο για την αντιμετώπιση του προβλήματος ΣΚΡ σε πολυδιάστατους χώρους. Με την χρήση της γενικευμένης Bump-Surface, οι ιδιότητες του χώρου εργασίας στον οποίο κινείται το ρομπότ μεταφέρονται στην επιφάνεια η οποία κατασκευάζεται χρησιμοποιώντας γενικευμένες B-Spline επιφάνειες. Η διαδρομή του κινούμενου αντικειμένου παριστάνεται στο αρχικό περιβάλλον με μια B-Spline καμπύλη. Ο βασικός στόχος ήταν η ανάπτυξη μιας ενιαίας και ολοκληρωμένης μεθοδολογίας για τον σχεδιασμό κίνησης ρομπότ. Με τον τρόπο αυτό συμβάλλουμε στην εξέλιξη των μεθόδων, σχεδιασμού κίνησης ρομπότ εισάγοντας μια μεθοδολογία η οποία θα μπορεί να επίλυση το πρόβλημα σχεδιασμού κίνησης μεταβάλλοντας την διάσταση του χώρου εργασίας και προσθαφαιρώντας κριτήρια και περιορισμούς ανάλογα με το πρόβλημα που θα έχουμε να αντιμετωπίσουμε.
Έγινε διερεύνηση, της εξάρτησης του υπολογιστικού χρόνου που απαιτείται για την κατασκευή της γενικευμένης Bump-Surface από την διάσταση και την γεωμετρία του χώρου εργασίας και της εξάρτησης του υπολογιστικού χρόνου που απαιτείται για την επίλυση του προβλήματος ΣΚΡ όταν διατηρείται η γεωμετρία του περιβάλλοντος σταθερή και μεταβάλλεται ο αριθμός των ρομπότ που κινούνται στο χώρο εργασίας.
Σε αντίθεση με τις προηγούμενες μεθόδους επίλυσης του προβλήματος σχεδιασμού κίνησης μη-ολονομικών ρομπότ οι οποίες έλυναν το πρόβλημα σε δύο στάδια: (α) προσδιορισμός της βέλτιστης διαδρομής του ρομπότ θεωρώντας το ρομπότ σημειακό (β) τροποποιούν τη διαδρομή λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τη διάσταση του και τους μη-ολονομικούς περιορισμούς του ρομπότ. Στη παρούσα διατριβή, προτάθηκε ένας ενιαίος τρόπος αντιμετώπισης του προβλήματος σχεδιασμού κίνησης μη-ολονομικών ρομπότ όπου τόσο η διάσταση του ρομπότ όσο και οι μη-ολονομικοί περιορισμοί στη κίνηση του λαμβάνονται υπόψη εξ’ αρχής στη διαδικασία εύρεσης της διαδρομής. Επίσης, επιλύθηκε για πρώτη φορά το πρόβλημα σχεδιασμού κίνησης για μια ομάδα ρομπότ με την ταυτόχρονη εύρεση της βέλτιστης διαδρομής για κάθε ένα ρομπότ. Τέλος, η προτεινόμενη μεθοδολογία εφαρμόστηκε με επιτυχία στο συνδυαστικό πρόβλημα ΣΚΡ και προγραμματισμού εργασιών για αυτόνομο όχημα. Λόγω της πολυπλοκότητας των δύο προβλημάτων δεν είχαν προταθεί μέχρι τώρα μέθοδοι για την ταυτόχρονη επίλυση τους. / Developing autonomous robots (either mobile or articulated robots) is a fundamental goal in modern industrial production systems and has attracted the attention of many researchers from the robotics fields. The robots must be able to accept high-level instructions of their missions and carry out these missions (at the lowest cost) by making their own decisions while moving safely in the shop floor. Such vehicles will be capable to accept high level descriptions of desired tasks and execute them without any human intervention.
The theme of this thesis is the study and the solution of the motion planning problem either for one robot or for a set of robots (mobile or articulated robots). Most of the industrial applications such as pickup and delivery of products, spot-welding, multiple drilling, laser cutting and car-painting, they demand the smooth motion of the robot (or the robots) in the workspace. Each robot should be able to avoid the obstacles (static or moving) or the other robots. The complexity of the problem is depended by the geometry of the environment, the dimension of the robots’ workspace and by the robots’ kinematical constraints.
Firstly, the generalization of the Bump-Surface concept for the solution of the motion planning problem in multidimensional workspaces is presented. Using the generalized Bump-Surface concept, the properties of the workspace are transferred into the surface which is constructed by B-Spline Surfaces. The robot’s path is represented by a B-Spline curve in the initial environment. The main target was the development of a methodology which is able to solve the basic motion planning problem and its generalizations.
Secondly, is presented the computational time study required to construct the generalized Bump-surface depends only on the geometry and on the dimension of the environment. Furthermore, is presented the computational time required to solve the motion planning problem with constant workspace and varying number of robots.
In contract with previous methods which are solved the motion planning problem for non-holonomic robots in two phases, in the present thesis is presented a solution of the problem under a global way with the capacity to handle either holonomic or non-holonomic robot (or a set of robots) moving in a dynamic 2D environment. Furthermore, is presented for a first time the solution of the combinatorial problem of motion planning and task scheduling for a set of robots.
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