No description available.

I den här uppsatsen har vi undersökt hur trottoarens materiella ut- formning påverkar uppkomsten av mellanrum. Mellanrum är ett både tidsligt och rumsligt fenomen som kan uppstå i ett dynamiskt publikt rum.Vi har observerat fyra trottoarer inom Malmös stadskärna och under- sökt hur materiella faktorer på och vid trottoaren påverkar vilka aktivite- ter som äger rum på platsen.Uppsatsens övergripande forskningsfråga är: Hur påverkar trottoa- rens materiella utformning uppkomsten av mellanrum?Under observationerna har vi undersökt: Vilka materiella egen- skaper finns på trottoaren och hur påverkar de den territoriella komplexi- teten? samt Vilka omgivande faktorer ger upphov till en territoriell kom- plexitet på trottoaren?Syftet med uppsatsen är att lyfta fram trottoaren som ett viktigt pu- blikt rum där det oförutsägbara kan ta plats.Ett av uppsatsens nyckelbegrepp är territoriell komplexitet [Kär- rholm 2004, 2012] då chansen att mellanrum uppstår är som störst på plat- ser med hög territoriell komplexitet.Våra teoretiska utgångspunkter utgörs av Mattias Kärrholms ter- ritorialitetsbegrepp [2004] och stabiliseringsprocesser [2012] samt Emma Nilssons diskussion kring materiell figur och rumskategorier [2010].Kulturhistoriska stöd har vi hämtat från Anastasia Loukaitou- Sideris & Renia Ehrenfeucht [2009] som bland annat skildrar en växande privatisering och utökand kontroll av stadens publika rum.En slutsats är att mellanrum kan liknas vid territoriell taktik och app- ropriation som sker på en plats där användandet av platsen inte stöds av den territoriella strategin. / In this study we have researched how the material design of sidewalks affect interstitial space. Interstitial space as phenomena is both temporal and spatial and can occur in a dynamic public space.We have observed four sidewalks in Malmö’s city centre and examined how the substantive elements on and around the sidewalks affect the ac- tivities that takes place.The paper’s main research question is: How does the material design of sidewalks affects interstitial space?During the observations, we have examined: Which material properties occur on the sidewalk, and how do they affect the territorial complexity? and What ambient factors create a territorial complexity on the sidewalk?The purpose of this paper is to highlight the sidewalk as a vital public space where the unpredictable can take place.One of the key concepts is territorial complexity [Kärrholm 2004, 2012] since the chance of interstitial space to occur is more likely in areas with high territorial complexity.Our theoretical premises consists of Mattias Kärrholm’s concepts of territoriality [2004] and stabilization [2012] and Emma Nilsson’s discus- sion on material body and room categories [2010].Cultural support is obtained from Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris and Renia Ehrenfeucht [2009] who for instance describes a growing pri- vatization and control of the public spaces in the city.One conclusion is that interstitial space can be compared to territorial tactics and appropriation that occur in a place where the activity is not sup- ported by the territorial strategi.

<p>Cardiac arrhythmias triggered by both reentrant and focal sources are closely correlated with regions of tissue characterized by significant structural heterogeneity. Experimental and modeling studies of electrical activity in the heart have shown that local microscopic heterogeneities which average out at the macroscale in healthy tissue play a much more important role in diseased and aging cardiac tissue which have low levels of coupling and abnormal or reduced membrane excitability. However, it is still largely unknown how various combinations of microheterogeneity in the intracellular and interstitial spaces affect wavefront propagation in these critical regimes. </p> <p>This thesis uses biophysically realistic 1-D and 2-D computer models to investigate how heterogeneity in the interstitial and intracellular spaces influence both the initiation of ectopic beats and the escape of multiple ectopic beats from a poorly coupled region of tissue into surrounding well-coupled tissue. An approximate discrete monodomain model that incorporates local heterogeneity in both the interstitial and intracellular spaces was developed to represent the tissue domain. </p> <p>The results showed that increasing the effective interstitial resistivity in poorly coupled fibers alters the distribution of electrical load at the microscale and causes propagation to become more like that observed in continuous fibers. In poorly coupled domains, this nearly continuous state is modulated by cell length and is characterized by decreased gap junction delay, sustained conduction velocity, increased sodium current, reduced maximum upstroke velocity, and increased safety factor. In inhomogeneous fibers with adjacent well-coupled and poorly coupled regions, locally increasing the effective interstitial resistivity in the poorly coupled region reduces the size of the focal source needed to generate an ectopic beat, reduces dispersion of repolarization, and delays the onset of conduction block that is caused by source-load mismatch at the boundary between well-coupled and poorly-coupled regions. In 2-D tissue models, local increases in effective interstitial resistivity as well as microstructural variations in cell arrangement at the boundary between poorly coupled and well-coupled regions of tissue modulate the distribution of maximum sodium current which facilitates the unidirectional escape of focal beats. Variations in the distribution of sodium current as a function of cell length and width lead to directional differences in the response to increased effective interstitial resistivity. Propagation in critical regimes such as the ectopic substrate is very sensitive to source-load interactions and local increases in maximum sodium current caused by microheterogeneity in both intracellular and interstitial structure.</p> / Dissertation

Hoy, en el mundo del arte de Lima, se puede percibir un fenómeno social definido por Robert Hughes (1992) como “Cultural Cringe”. Dicho fenómeno se basa en la incapacidad que tiene el artista para fundamentar su obra en una sociedad en la que el consumidor se ve condicionado por una exposición constante a medios de comunicación masivos. Al parecer, la solución se encuentra en la propuesta de una Escuela de Arte en Barranco, escenario principal de dicho “Cringe”. Dicha casa de estudios debe poder ofrecer una educación integral, teórica y práctica, que permita que los alumnos sean competitivos en una realidad internacional y, eventualmente, debe permitir que el contexto social en el que se encuentra se vea contagiado por el conocimiento y la cultura que la misma imparte. / Defined by Robert Hughes (1992);"Cultural Cringe" is a social phenomenon that can be perceived in Lima’s Art world. This phenomenon occurs when artists are unable to demonstrate their work as conceptually and intellectually coherent pieces, especially as a result of constant exposure to “garbage” mass media. Apparently, said “Cringe” can be corrected with an Art School Project in Barranco, where the problem is more latent. The proposed School should be able to offer a comprehensive, theoretical and practical education that allows students to be competitive in an international reality and, eventually, be the kick starter of a new knowledge and culture based set of customs. / Tesis