Thesis (M.S.)--Springfield College, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intramural sports program at Schreiner Institute, Kerrville, Texas, for the school year, 1947-48, to determine its adequacy in meeting the aims and objectives of a reorganized program of intramural sports set up in the school at the beginning of the year, 1947-48. Attention was directed to the special need for the program, to its aims and objectives, to its plan of procedure, and to the outcomes at the end of the year.

Intramural sports appeared in schools long before interscholastic athletics. Students within schools formed clubs and compted against one another. This student intramural competition increased until in 1915 Michigan and Ohio State each inaugurated a department of intramural athletics under the direction of one man. In 1915 John Wilce wrote the first treatise on intramural sports. In the army camps of World War I this type of intramural activity received a tremendous boost. In 1925 the high schools throughout the country began organizing intramural departments. By 1941 the enthusiam of physical education instructors for a comprehensive intramural program had become so great that over 400 of them met in Chicago to discuss high school intramural activities. Their discussions brought out the great interest that was being developed in intramural sports. Even then many schools were hiring skilled instructors to direct intramural programs, and educational administrators, in planning new buildings, were including space and equimpent for intramural sports. Since 1941 the scope and popularity of the intramural sports program has grown even faster. A number of outstanding changes have taken place in intramural sports; the curriculum has been enlarged from five to ten or more sports, more money has been appropriated by school boards for these activities, more satisfactory arrangements for the use of varsity equipment, and facilities have been worked out. Today the intramural sports program is serving as a laboratory for physical education classes; skills taught in these classes are used in intramural sports programs. Intramural sports are fast becoming part of the regular school curriculum instead of just as extra-curricular activity. It is the purpose of this study to determine the status of the intramural sports programs in the high schools of Utah. The study should be helpful to both administrators and intramural directors. An administrator should know the characteristics of an effective intramural sports program and the prevailing practices with regard to intramural sprots program in schools of similar size and conditions. Such knowledge will enable him to inaugurate a new program or evaluate the program already being carried out in his own school. Intramural directors should know how other schools are handling their intramural sports prorograms. The data assembled in this thesis will give them a comprehensive picture of the manner in which intramural activities are carried on in other high shcools in Utah. In this study consideration will be given to the following aspects of the intramural program: organization, administration, physical examinations, officials, units of competition, curriculum, time of day, awards advertising, eligibility, budget and cost, types of schedules, scoring, and the value of an intramural sports program.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to determine 1) if there has been a change over the past five years in the percentage of females participating in intramural activities at Virginia Tech, and 2) if the reasons for non-participation have changed. Four hundred college females were surveyed. The data were analyzed by frequency distributions and, in some cases, cross-tabulations. The results revealed that there has been an increase in the percentage of women participating in intramural activities. Participation levels increased from 35% in 1984 to 45% in 1990. The main reason given for non-participation was lack of knowledge followed by academic concerns. The findings of this study may assist the Recreational Sports Office staff in determining where their program areas need to be developed and how they can better meet the needs of the total population at Virginia Tech. / Master of Science

No description available.

Um estudo morfoquantitativo foi realizado no plexo intramural de bexigas urinárias de cobaias (Cavia porcelus) jovens (GI) e idosas (GII). As bexigas foram submetidas aos métodos da NADH-diaforase e da detecção da atividade da acetilcolinesterase. Os neurônios intramurais apresentaram-se isolados ou reunidos em gânglios de pequeno a grande número entre os feixes musculares lisos que constituem o músculo detrusor. O número médio de neurônios NADH-diaforase positivos por bexiga urinária foi de 1.433±187 em GI e de 1.107±120 em GII. Foram observados neurônios arredondados ou ovalados em ambos os grupos, porém o perfil citoplasmático apresentou-se com aspecto relativamente denteado em GII. Em relação a colinesterase, os neurônios de GI apresentaram-se com marcação menos intensa do que em GII. A área média do perfil celular dos neurônios intramurais NADH-diaforase positivos foi de 711,01±28,14µm2 em GI e de 873,30±60,25µm2 em GII, sendo esta a principal diferença morfológica encontrada entre os grupos. / A morphoquantitative study was carried on intramural plexus of the urinary bladder of the young (GI) and old (GII) guinea-pigs (Cavia porcelus). The specimens were stained with NADH-diaphorase and AChE methods. The intramural neurons were observed both isolated or in small and large clusters lying between the bundles of smooth muscle fibers of the detrusor muscle. The mean number of NADH-diaphorase staining neurons per urinary bladder was 1.433±187 in the GI and 1.107±120 in the GII. In both groups, round or elongated neurons were observed. The citoplasmatic contour was indented the animals of GII. The AChE method evidenced intensely reactive neurons in GII when compared with those of the GI. The mean of neuronal profiles was 711,01±28,14mm2 in the GI and 873,30±60,25mm2 in the GII. This observation was the main morphological difference between the GI and GII.

Um estudo morfoquantitativo foi realizado no plexo intramural de bexigas urinárias de cobaias (Cavia porcelus) jovens (GI) e idosas (GII). As bexigas foram submetidas aos métodos da NADH-diaforase e da detecção da atividade da acetilcolinesterase. Os neurônios intramurais apresentaram-se isolados ou reunidos em gânglios de pequeno a grande número entre os feixes musculares lisos que constituem o músculo detrusor. O número médio de neurônios NADH-diaforase positivos por bexiga urinária foi de 1.433±187 em GI e de 1.107±120 em GII. Foram observados neurônios arredondados ou ovalados em ambos os grupos, porém o perfil citoplasmático apresentou-se com aspecto relativamente denteado em GII. Em relação a colinesterase, os neurônios de GI apresentaram-se com marcação menos intensa do que em GII. A área média do perfil celular dos neurônios intramurais NADH-diaforase positivos foi de 711,01±28,14µm2 em GI e de 873,30±60,25µm2 em GII, sendo esta a principal diferença morfológica encontrada entre os grupos. / A morphoquantitative study was carried on intramural plexus of the urinary bladder of the young (GI) and old (GII) guinea-pigs (Cavia porcelus). The specimens were stained with NADH-diaphorase and AChE methods. The intramural neurons were observed both isolated or in small and large clusters lying between the bundles of smooth muscle fibers of the detrusor muscle. The mean number of NADH-diaphorase staining neurons per urinary bladder was 1.433±187 in the GI and 1.107±120 in the GII. In both groups, round or elongated neurons were observed. The citoplasmatic contour was indented the animals of GII. The AChE method evidenced intensely reactive neurons in GII when compared with those of the GI. The mean of neuronal profiles was 711,01±28,14mm2 in the GI and 873,30±60,25mm2 in the GII. This observation was the main morphological difference between the GI and GII.