Orientador: Otávio José de Oliveira / Banca: Fernando Bernardi de Souza / Banca: Marcel Andreotti Musetti / Resumo: As organizações industriais vêm adotando modelos produtivos que priorizam a redução de custos e aumento da qualidade de seus processos e produtos. Neste contexto a otimização e racionalização da gestão de estoques é uma grande oportunidade para estas empresas conquistarem estes objetivos. Para a realização desta pesquisa optou-se pela metodologia de estudo de casos múltiplos (dois casos), para atender o objetivo de analisar a gestão de estoques em duas empresas do setor gráfico localizadas na região de Bauru, na qual uma adota o sistema produtivo Engineering-To-Order (ETO) e a outra o sistema produtivo Make-To-Stock (MTS). O qual foi alcançado por meio da triangulação dos meios de coleta de dados, ou seja, entrevista semi-estruturada, análise documental e observação in-loco e estes tiveram como embasamento o referencial teórico. Por meio da triangulação das informações obtidas durante a coleta de dados, pôde-se elaborar a descrição da gestão de estoques e do sistema produtivo adotado em cada uma das empresas apresentadas nos estudos de caso e a análise cruzada. Após estes procedimentos foi elaborada a análise da influência do sistema produtivo sobre a gestão de estoques, no qual foram analisados os seguintes itens: produção, previsão de demanda, sazonalidade, layout, gestão de estoques, setup, logística de suprimentos e logística de distribuição. / Abstract: Industrial organizations are adopting productive models that prioritize the reduction of costs and increase the quality of their processes and products. In this context the optimization and streamlining the inventory management is a great opportunity for these companies conquer these goals. To achieve this research methodology was chosen for the study of multiple cases (two cases), to meet to evaluate the inventory management in two companies in the sector chart located in the region of Bauru, in which one adopts the production system. Which was achieved by means of triangulation of data collection, i.e., semi-structured interviews, document analysis and observation in loco and they were light as the theoretical framework. Through triangulation of information obtained during data collection, it was possible to develop a descritption of the inventory management and the production system used in each of the companies presented in case studies and crossexamination. After these procedures were developed to analyze the influence of the production system on the inventory management, which were analyzed in the following: production, estimates of demand, seasonality, layout, inventory management, setup, logistics supplies and logistics of distribution. While reviewing the analysis of the influence of the production system on the management of inventories could be observed some differences in relation to the literature, they are: logistics supply, distribution, inventory management, production systems Make-To-Stock and Engineering-To-Order. / Mestre

Este trabalho analisa a viabilidade de aplicação de uma sistemática de gestão de estoques que permite escolher e parametrizar modelos de decisão de reposição de itens para apoiar os coordenadores de abastecimento de supermercados, através da utilização de dados reais. O principal objetivo desta sistemática é contribuir para o aumento da disponibilidade de produtos na loja do supermercado, através do seguinte equacionamento: minimizar os custos operacionais e de estoque do varejo, tendo como restrição um nível mínimo de serviço ao cliente. Esta pesquisa experimental aplicada possibilitou identificar que o modelo CALNEC apresentou o melhor desempenho em 80% da amostra. A melhor configuração (configuração dos melhores desempenhos de todos os modelos) ofereceu uma economia de até 42% frente ao custo atual. O modelo de gestão de estoque atualmente utilizado apresentou desempenho pior mesmo comparado aos modelos não vencedores. / This work analyses the viability of an application of the inventory management systematic, which allows to choose and to parameterize replenishment decision models to support supermarket replenishment coordinators in their tasks, using real data. The main objective of this systematic is to contribute to the product availability improvement in the supermarket store considering the following equation: minimize the operational and inventory costs from retail having as a restriction the minimum customer service level in items available at the retail store. This experimental applied research identified CALNEC as the inventory model that presented the best performance in 80% of the sample. The best configuration (configuration of the best performance from all models) showed a saving of 42% compared to the current costs. The current inventory management model presented the worst performance even compared to the non-winners models.

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma aplicação do Lean Seis Sigma na Logística de uma empresa de autopeças visando à redução do nível do inventário por meio da eliminação dos desperdícios e redução da variabilidade nos processos de gestão de estoque. O estudo de caso usou como espinha dorsal para condução do projeto a metodologia DMAIC e foram aplicadas ferramentas de análise de dados e estatística tais como matriz de causa e efeito, mapa do processo, cartas de controle e análise da capacidade, juntamente com as ferramentas do Lean: Value Stream Mapping, JIT, Kanban, 5S e Padronização. O resultado alcançado teve uma redução no inventário de aproximadamente 30%, ou seja, no início do projeto o estoque estava em torno de R$ 4.700.000,00 e após implantação reduziu para R$3.350.000,00. Estes números foram alcançados mantendo-se o nível de serviço em torno da média histórica da empresa de 98% para um faturamento estável dentro do período analisado. Em outras palavras, se a empresa puder entender e controlar os desperdícios e as variações nos processos, do fornecedor ao cliente, então será capaz de reduzir a dependência dos estoques e melhorar a produtividade, portanto, desta forma a empresa pode alavancar competitividade em relação aos seus concorrentes. / The objective of this paper is to present an application of Lean Six Sigma Logistics in a auto parts company in order to reduce the inventory level by eliminating waste and reducing variability in the processes of inventory management. The case study used as the backbone of the project to conduct the DMAIC methodology and tools were applied for data analysis and statistics such as cause and effect matrix, map of the process control charts and capability analysis, along with tools Lean: Value Stream Mapping, JIT, Kanban, 5S and standardization. The result achieved was a reduction in inventory of approximately 30%, ie, early in the project the stock was around $2,500,000.00 and after implantation decreased to $1,900,000.00. These numbers were achieved while maintaining the level of service around the companys historical average of 98% for a stable revenue in the period analyzed. In other words, if the company can understand and control waste and variations in processes from supplier to customer, then you will be able to reduce dependence on inventory and improve productivity, so this way the company can leverage competitive with their competitors.

Este trabalho é um estudo de caso múltiplo, realizado em concessionárias do setor automotivo, que visa ao levantamento do estado atual da gestão dos estoques de peças de reposição e sua correlação com os modelos existentes na literatura sobre o tema. O estudo englobou sete concessionárias de quatro marcas, apontadas por especialistas das respectivas associações como sendo exemplos de boa gestão neste segmento. Os resultados apontaram que, de fato, no nível gerencial pesquisado existem grandes lacunas entre as teorias acadêmicas e as práticas, em especial quanto ao uso de técnicas de previsão de demanda, à decisão de estocagem dos produtos e às políticas de estocagem adotadas. O principal motivo para explicar estas lacunas é o desconhecimento das técnicas pelos gestores. Este desconhecimento parece estar ligado às deficiências na formação escolar e nos cursos de aperfeiçoamento oferecidos, pelas montadoras e associações, aos gestores destes estoques. Novas pesquisas são sugeridas, ao nível dos proprietários/acionistas das concessionárias, para verificação de outras possíveis explicações sobre os motivos destas lacunas. A pesquisa é concluída com diversas recomendações, tanto aos praticantes como aos acadêmicos, buscando a redução destas lacunas. / This dissertation is a multiple case study, performed in automotive dealers. The objective is to evaluate current spare parts inventory management practices status and their correlations with existing models on academic references. The study included seven dealers (from four different brands) which were recognized as examples of good practices at spare parts management by the dealer association specialists. The results pointed out that, in fact, at the managerial level interviewed, there are large gaps between academic theories and management practice, especially on demand forecasting, stocking decision and stocking policies. The gaps are mainly explained by managers? lack of knowledge on inventory control. This lack of knowledge seems to be caused by school and specialization courses (provided by automakers and dealers associations) deficiencies. New researches are suggested, at the owners/stockholders level, to verify other possible gap reasons. Research is concluded with several recommendations to academics and managers in order to reduce the theory-practice gap.

Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharm / South Africa is faced with a high number of people living with HIV/AIDS, and subsequently a great need to access quality medicines for improving patient therapeutic outcomes. Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) require rigid, efficient and effective management, due to their valuable efficacy in prolonging the survival of HIV/AIDS patients, and the limited possibility of substitution. Managing their flow is vital to ensure an uninterrupted supply. Problematic inventory management was experienced by some healthcare facilities in South Africa where in recent years it resulted in stock outs and stock losses through thefts. These factors present obstacles to the availability of quality medicines, which ultimately leads to treatment failure and deterioration of the health status of patients. The aim of this study was to characterise the inventory management practices and medicine store maintenance of ARVs in community health centres (CHCs) in the Cape Metropole, Western Cape, in order to identify specific problems associated with ARV stock management. The study used a descriptive, cross-sectional study design to examine ARV records and to highlight associated discrepancies between recorded iii quantities on logistics tools used and physical counts, to assess the store maintenance, to measure the supply rate and identify factors contributing to poor stock management. The sample comprised 15 CHCs under the Western Cape Provincial Government (WCPG) accredited to provide ARV treatment. A checklist developed by Management Sciences for Health was adapted and was used to gather quantitative information (e.g. physical stock count). Some qualitative data was collected from responsible personnel for ARV drug management at each site. 86.7% of CHCs utilised a logistics tool (either manual or electronic) to manage ARVs. The average number of adult ARV drugs with a logistics tool available in all CHCs was 82.7% of which 21.9% met the criteria for accuracy. Only 32.9% of all logistics tools had records that were up to date. The average percentage of total variation between stock records and physical counts for the ARV drugs assessed was 51.6%. No historical data on stock outs and monthly usage (monthly consumption) could be retrieved in any of the CHCs, although there were no actual stock outs on the day of the fieldwork. The order fill rate was 91.9%. Since ordering is done more often that it should, stock availability did not appear to be problematic. Standard appropriate physical dimensions were not met by 20% of the CHCs and only 66.7% of the CHCs had appropriate labeling of the shelves in the dispensary and in the storeroom. This study demonstrated poor inventory management with respect to the general quality of record keeping, space allocation and general organisation of the medicine storeroom. Making timely entries and recording issues on logistics tools are recommended to keep up to date inventory records and management information system. Frequent monitoring of stock status is suggested, to avoid discrepancies and to keep it to adequate levels iv which will minimise multiple ordering. Regular supervision by the district pharmacist is needed to identify training and other needs. A study on general cost and delivery costs associated with poor record keeping should be carried out.

Inventory management under uncertainty is a widely researched field and many different types of inventory models have been used to address inventory problems in practice [1, 10, 11, 26, 50, 35]. However, there is a lack of published studies focusing on inventory planning in environments, such as the military, that are characterised by uncertainty as a result of extreme events. A critical area in military decision support is inventory management. Planning for stock levels in particular can be a daunting task, due to the uncertainty associated with the future. The military is typically an environment where improbable events can have massive impacts on operations; and the availability of the correct amount of stock can enhance the responsiveness, efficiency, and preparedness of the military, and ultimately save human lives. On the other hand, excessive stock - especially ammunition - can result in huge monetary losses through damages, stock degradation, and stock obsolescence. Excessive ammunition also poses a risk to public safety, and can ultimately challenge a country's ability to control the use of force. It is therefore very important to provide proper attention to determining the required stock levels during military inventory management. This dissertation aims, therefore, to develop a reliable decision support tool that can assist with inventory management in the military. To achieve this, a mixed multi-objective mathematical model is used that attempts to minimise cost, shortages, and stock while incorporating demand uncertainty by means of probability distributions and fuzzy numbers. The model considers three different scenarios, and determines the minimum required stock level and the best order quantity for three different stock categories, for a single ammunition item. The model is converted into its crisp, non-fuzzy, and deterministic counterpart first by transforming the fuzzy constraints into their crisp versions and then deriving the deterministic model of the crisp recourse stochastic model. The corresponding crisp, deterministic model is then solved using exact branch-and-bound embedded in the LINGO 10.0 optimisation software package and the reliability of the solutions in different scenarios is tested by means of discrete event simulation. The reliability of the model is then compared with the reliabilities of the well known (r;Q) and (s; S) inventory models in the literature. The comparison indicates that the mixed model proposed in this dissertation is more reliable in extreme scenarios than the (r;Q) and (s; S) inventory models in the literature. A sensitivity analysis is then performed and results indicate that the model yields reliable solutions with a reliability that varies between 74.54% and 100%, depending on the scenario investigated. The lower reliability is during the high demand scenario, this is caused by the ability of the inventory model to prioritise different scenarios based on their estimated possibility to ensure that stock levels are not unneccessary escalated for highly improbable events. It can be concluded that the proposed mixed multi-objective mathematical model that aims to minimise inventory cost, surplus stock, and shortages is a reliable inventory decision support model for the uncertain military environment. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Industrial and Systems Engineering / unrestricted

Logistics and Supply Chain Management are known in a professional public awareness more and more as activities which give a competitive advantage to companies which handle it well. The main objective of my diploma was to create a coprehensive guideline for logistics projects. This guideline shows the way how to manager logistics and supply chain management projects. In the theoretical part, I tried to cover the main areas of logistics and supply chain management in conjunction with the project management.The aim of my analysis was to apply the logistics guideline in a specific project for Jednota, spotřebitelské družstvo Ceske Budejovice, from the perspective of consultancy firm which was responsible for the solution of this project.

This thesis deals with an analysis of the production parameters of the two main products of a company NATE-nápojová technika a.s. for the period 2002-2012. Based on the theoretical fundamentals of production management and purchasing process. It analyzes each product from the customer's territory, production deadlines, cost and productivity. Based on this analysis are revealed weak points in the production and the purchase process and try to find ways to resolve them.

Uno de los problemas más importantes que aqueja a las empresas ensambladoras y comercializadoras de vehículos es la rotura de stock de productos terminados, la cual perjudica de manera significativa las utilidades por las pérdidas de venta y que por ende tiene un impacto negativo en la rentabilidad de la empresa. Por ello, muchas de las pymes trataron de afrontar esta situación mediante el uso de herramientas como el modelo Q que revisa de forma continua los inventarios pero que no indica cuándo y en qué cantidades la empresa debe abastecer a sus puntos de venta o como el Just in Time que es un sistema de organización de la producción que logra que el producto llegue al cliente justo a tiempo, pero es una metodología que requiere de un alto nivel de desarrollo de los proveedores y gestión eficiente de su cadena de suministro donde las pymes no lograrían alcanzar, así también como el POQ que es una metodología, la cual determina un lote óptimo de compra pero que no determina el tiempo y la forma del abastecimiento. Por ello y en vista de la existencia de diversos esfuerzos e investigaciones con referencia a la gestión de inventarios para solucionar el problema siendo propuestas muy tradicionales con un alcance limitado con respecto a una visión integral del impacto del problema a lo largo de la cadena de suministros. Se plantea desarrollar un sistema de gestión inventarios que permita integrar las técnicas del MRP (Planificación de Requerimientos de Materiales), RFID (identificación por Radiofrecuencia) y CRP (Programa de Reabastecimiento Continuo) con una visión integradora, innovadora y tecnológica para la mejora de manera óptima y eficiente de los procesos. La forma de validación operacional que se propone para este modelo es mediante una simulación de la dinámica de sistemas, la cual es una técnica que permite una mejor comprensión sobre la evolución o comportamiento de los sistemas a través del tiempo y permite descubrir y describir problemas y modelos de manera sistemática. Asimismo, la manera de validar económicamente fue mediante el uso del flujo económico e indicadores financieros. De esta manera, el principal resultado de las validaciones es que en un escenario optimista, donde se consideró un incremento de la exactitud de inventario, reducción del error de previsión, incremento de la calidad de pedidos generados e incremento de las órdenes perfectas, los cuales eran los indicadores principales del modelo se llegó al resultado de una disminución continua de la rotura de stock. . Por ende, se valida la funcionalidad de la propuesta y viabilidad económica, ya que al aplicarlo soluciona el problema de la rotura de stock. / One of the most important problems afflicting vehicle assembly and marketing companies is the stock breakage of finished products, which significantly damages profits due to sales losses and therefore has a negative impact on the profitability of the company. For this reason, many of the SMEs tried to face this situation by using tools such as the Q model that continuously reviews inventories but does not indicate when and in what quantities the company must supply its points of sale or such as the Just in Time, which is a production organization system that ensures that the product reaches the customer just in time, but it is a methodology that requires a high level of supplier development and efficient management of its supply chain where SMEs do not they would be able to achieve, as well as the POQ, which is a methodology, which determines an optimal purchase lot but does not determine the time and form of supply. For this reason, and in view of the existence of various efforts and investigations with reference to inventory management to solve the problem, being very traditional proposals with a limited scope with respect to a comprehensive vision of the impact of the problem throughout the supply chain. . It is proposed to develop an inventory management system that allows integrating the techniques of MRP (Material Requirements Planning), RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) and CRP (Continuous Replenishment Program) with an integrative, innovative and technological vision for the improvement of the optimal and efficient processes. The form of operational validation that is proposed for this model is through a simulation of the dynamics of systems, which is a technique that allows a better understanding of the evolution or behavior of systems over time and allows discovering and describing problems and models systematically. Likewise, the way to validate economically was through the use of economic flow and financial indicators. In this way, the main result of the validations is that in an optimistic scenario, where an increase in inventory accuracy, a reduction in forecast error, an increase in the quality of generated orders and an increase in perfect orders was considered, which were the main indicators of the model, the result of which was a continuous decrease in stock breakage. . Therefore, the functionality of the proposal and economic viability are validated, since when applied it solves the problem of stock breakage. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

This diploma´s thesis is focused on design of the logistics concept of selected production section in manufacturing firm with using logistics method Just In Time. In analytical part is analysed current situation of managing material flows for selected production sections, ways of supplying production units and amount of stock which is stored in production areas. In proposal part are suggested some changes in various spheres along with new design of the logistics concept and possible economical contributions in case of applying this logistics concept.