Det finns för närvarande en stark, nationell och internationell, efterfrågan på effektivare bruk av resurser och färskvaror, bland annat från svensk dagligvaruhandel, den svenska regeringen och FN. Naturvårdsverket visar samtidigt att i Sverige så slängs cirka 1.3 miljoner ton mat årligen och att 40% av detta slängs i konsument och butiksled. Detta till trots att dagligvaruhandeln har automatiserade inköpssystem, så kallade Automatiska Ordersystem (AOS). Med utgångspunkt ur dessa system har författarna undersökt, med hjälp av evidensbaserad managementmetodik, intervjuer och observation, Axfoods AOS, Autoorder (AO) utifrån ett inventory managementperspektiv hur systemets nuläge ser ut samt utvecklat en prototyp-modell. Dynamiken av systemet låg fokus, utifrån teoretisk applicering från nutida forskning inom Inventory management. Studien resulterade i teoretisk prototyp som ämnar att bidra till underlag för vidare forskning av AOS. / There’s currently a strong demand, national and international, for a more effective use of resources and perishable goods, among those behind this demand is the Swedish government, the UN and the daily grocery business interest group, Svenskt Näringsliv. At the same time the environmental protection agency in Sweden reports that 1.3 million tons of food are thrown away yearly and that 40% of this originates from the end consumer and the daily grocery business. This problem occurs even though the daily grocery business operates with automated ordering systems (AOS). With this as a starting point the authors have, using evidence-based management methods, interviews and observations, studied the current stat of the Swedish grocery chain Axfood’s AOS, called Autoorder (AO) from an inventory management-based perspective. This resulted in a simple prototype model, where the dynamic modelling of inventory management took center, to act as a foundation for future research within AOS.

El presente trabajo de investigación fue realizado con la finalidad de evaluar la gestión de inventarios y su impacto financiero en el sector textil para las MYPES del Emporio Comercial de Gamarra, durante el año 2018. Este trabajo se basa en las empresas del sector textil, específicamente en las MYPES del Emporio Comercial de Gamarra, en el cual se desarrollan actividades económicas relacionadas a la industria textil de confecciones y servicios relacionados con la industria de la moda; es pertinente e importante comprender el proceso y desarrollo de la gestión de inventarios que a su vez repercute en un impacto financiero. Por tal razón, se desarrolla este trabajo de investigación con la finalidad de que genere aprendizaje y conocimiento al emplear las gestiones que actualmente se desarrollan en el mercado para minimizar los riesgos que genera una mala práctica. Para validar y sustentar las hipótesis planteadas, se utilizan dos instrumentos: instrumento cualitativo que son definidas con entrevistas a detalle de tres especialistas y el instrumento cuantitativo que refleja las encuestas realizadas a doce empresas del rubro textil. Finalmente, se desarrolla un caso práctico donde se detalla la gestión de inventarios, para determinar la cantidad necesaria para cada temporada que atenderá la empresa, con la finalidad de no producir en exceso, ya que será obsoleta para la siguiente temporada. Identificar la demanda futura es posible y medible mediante proyecciones de las temporadas altas y bajas, lo cual permite un control en la gestión, y de este modo mantener la cantidad de productos disponibles para la venta. / This research work was carried out with the purpose of evaluating Inventory Management and its Financial Impact on the Textile Sector for the MYPES of the Gamarra Commercial Emporium, during the year 2018. This work is based on companies in the textile sector, specifically in the MYPES of the Emporio Comercial de Gamarra in which economic activities related to the textile industry of clothing and services related to the fashion industry are developed, it is relevant and important to understand the process and development of Inventory Management which in turn has a financial impact. For this reason, this research work is developed with the purpose that generates learning and knowledge by using the procedures currently being developed in the market to minimize the risks generated by a bad practice. To validate and support the hypotheses raised, two instruments are used: qualitative instrument that are defined with detailed interviews of three specialists and the quantitative instrument that reflects the surveys conducted to twelve companies in the textile sector. Finally, a practical case is developed where Inventory Management is detailed, to determine the amount necessary for each season that the company will attend in order not to produce in excess, since it will be obsolete for the following season. Identify the future demand, it is possible and measurable to project the high and low seasons, which allows a control in the management of maintaining the quantity of products available for sale. / Tesis

El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar el impacto del control interno de inventarios basado en el modelo COSO ERM y elaborar procedimientos para mejorar la rentabilidad de las Empresas Mypes de Fabricación de Telas de Tejido Punto en el Emporio Comercial de Gamarra, año 2018. Las MYPES son un elemento importante en la economía nacional ya que representan el 99% de empresas en el país y el 93.5% de MYPES del sector textil-confecciones se concentra en Gamarra, en donde el 27.7% se dedica a la fabricación de productos textiles. Esta industria representa una parte importante de la producción manufacturera al llegar a 8.9% del PBI. Asimismo, existen factores que limitan su desarrollo empresarial como la falta de financiamiento, falta de apoyo gubernamental, problemas de infraestructura en el almacén y el escaso conocimiento sobre el control interno de sus inventarios, lo que ha generado que se vean seriamente afectadas tras el incremento de la competencia de productos importados en el sector textil en los últimos años. El enfoque del estudio es mixto, iniciamos con entrevistas a los dueños empresarios conocedores del desarrollo del negocio con el fin de validar los principales factores. Luego se realizó encuestas a 30 MYPES del sector Textil de tejido punto que operan dentro de Gamarra. Los resultados obtenidos concluyen que los factores que intervienen en la decisión de incorporar un adecuado control interno de inventarios basado en el modelo COSO ERM influyen significativamente en la rentabilidad de las empresas textiles de tejido punto en Gamarra, y que su aplicación adecuada les permitirá destacar en el buen manejo de sus inventarios. / The objective of this research is to determine the Internal Inventory Control based on the COSO ERM model and develop procedures to improve the profitability of the MYPES Knitted fabric manufacturing companies at the Gamarra Commercial Emporium, year 2018. MYPEs are an important element in the national economy as they represent 99% of the companies on the country, and 93.5% of the textile-clothing MYPEs are concentrated on the Gamarra area, there 27.7% are dedicated to textile products manufacturing. This industry represents an important part of the manufacturing production, reaching up to 8.9% of the GDP. There area also factors that limit their business development, such as a lack of financing, lack of government support, infrastructure problems on their warehouses and their poor knowledge of the internal inventory control, all of which have caused them to be seriously affected after the increased competition of imported textile products on the sector in recent years. The study focus was mixed, we began with interviews of businesses owners who know about their business development in order to validate the main factors. Then, 30 MYPEs surveys, of the knitted textile sector operating within Gamarra, were carried out. The obtained results bring us to the conclusion that the related factors to the decision to incorporate an adequate internal inventory control based on the COSO ERM model significantly influence the profitability of the textile knitting companies in Gamarra, and its proper application will allow them to stand out in the good management of their inventories. / Tesis

ivABSTRACTBusinesses must overcome a variety of difficulties as a result of the considerable changersin the global economy. Due to import limitations, excessive inflation, and ongoing foreignexchange troubles in the economy. Sri Lankan industries, particularly food markers, arecurrently experiencing extremely difficult times. For many people in the nation, the foodbusiness is crucial. A nation’s ability to succeed economically and politically depends onthe availability of cheap, nutritious food that is also in good supply. The government isaware that consumers care about the cost and safety of the food they eat. Everyone alsoseems to be becoming more concerned about the origin of their food, how it is raised orcultivated, and whether it is sufficiently nutrient-dense. The food sector is tightly regulatedto ensure everything runs smoothly due to the necessity to supply food safety and value. Inmost sectors, of the company's inventory makes up a sizeable portion of its current assets.It's beneficial for the business process to manage such inventories in order to prevent lossesbrought on by stock shortfalls and surpluses. There were several examples where companieswere collapsed due to mismanagement of their inventories. Thus, this research expected toexamine the impact of inventory management on profitability of listed food manufacturingcompanies in Sri Lanka as this sector operation is highly relied on the inventories.A quantitative research strategy was adopted for this study and financial data was obtainedfrom the published annual reports of 14 listed food manufacturing companies on theColombo Stock Exchange for a period of 5 years from 2016/2017 to 2020/2021 to conductthe analysis. In this regard descriptive, correlation and regression analysis were conductedto analyze the data by using Statistical package for the social science (SPSS) software.Inventory turnover, number of inventory days and gross margin return on inventory havebeen identified as dimensions to measure the independent variable of inventorymanagement. Company profitability has been identified as the dependent variable and itwas measured through return on equity and return on assets. Six hypotheses wereestablished and tested to ascertain how inventory management affects profitability based onthese five variables. Results of the study show that inventory turnover has a significantnegative impact on return on assets and medium negative impact on return on equity. Thestudy also reveals that the number of inventory days and gross margin return on inventoryhas no significant impact on return on assets and return on equity. The study's findings willbe crucial in advising policy makers, operational managers of food manufacturingcompanies for the efficient inventory management which lead to enhance the profitabilityof those companies.

The Bertrand Duopoly model for demand in economics is a well-used model. Although this model has important insights towards pricing strategy, it does not accurately depict true market behaviors. In this paper, we will examine the advantages and disadvantages of the current model and its assumptions.We then take a whole new approach towards modeling this phenomena, using Poisson processes to model the demand of goods. We will discuss why this is a better approach and explain how we can extend this to better understand pricing strategies and market dynamics. We then apply our findings to the newsvendor problem, a commonly used problem in inventory management. Using non-homogeneous Poisson processes we explain how to find an optimal pricing strategy and an optimal inventory level for the newsvendor problem.In this paper we explain how to extend the newsvendor problem to a newsvendor duopoly problem. Again we show how to find the optimal pricing strategies and inventory levels for multiple goods in a market. Having found the optimal pricing strategy and inventory level, we then examine the market dynamics in more details. We explore monopolistic and duopolistic markets where the goods range from complements to substitutes and homogeneous to differentiated goods. We discuss how to model the progression of the inventory probabilities and then explain how to price inventory options.

An organization's systematic operation and supply chain management are the criteria for developing a sustainable competitive advantage over other companies. However, fulfilling this goal has become increasingly difficult in today's business environment, as traditional planning and control methods were not designed to withstand such difficulty, hence making the supply chain very complex. This complexity emanated due to high demand and supply variability in the system. In this regard, companies experience a lack of required materials or unavailability of the materials needed for production purposes. Such a situation prompts the movement of planners migrating from the traditional deterministic domain, Push-based MRP methodology to a more systematic pull-based demand-driven material requirement planning (DDMRP) approach that works in a more complex and unstable business environment, with an unparalleled characteristic for maintaining flow stability in the manufacturing operation. The establishment of DDMRP is for the sole purpose of maintaining a proper flow with the main intent of inventory monitoring as well as the associated cost. This proposition suggests the identification of specific items at strategic positions for planning maintenance flow in the production process. It basically centers on regular monitoring of the inventory buffer level sufficient enough to sustain the flow in order to avoid any operational disruption. The Insufficient understanding of the DDMRP methodology makes the practitioners unable to implement the concept in a proper manner, thereby not achieving the proposed result. This research, however, investigates the subject of DDMRP as a more efficient planning and execution strategy for proper flow management affecting the overall dynamics of supply chain management.

The retail sector is experiencing transforming changes driven by service robots (SR). While SR promise benefits such as improved inventory management, increased efficiency, and enhanced customer satisfaction, their integration presents technical and societal challenges. Technical hurdles encompass image classification under varying conditions, data security, localization, and obstacle detection. On the societal front, concerns revolve around public perception, safety, and employee apprehension regarding job security. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of these challenges and opportunities, highlighting that while SR have considerable potential, their optimal utilization in retail may be best suited for non-human facing tasks, given the current limitations of AI in human interactions.

The overarching theme of this dissertation is analytically analyzing the cold supply chain from a financial and environmental perspective. Specifically, we develop inventory policy models in the cold supply chain that consider holding and transportation unit capacities. The models provide insights for the decision maker on the tradeoff between setting order quantities based on the cost or the emission function. In Chapter 2, we review two major bodies of literature: 1) supply chain design, and 2) sustainability in supply chain design. We benefit from this literature review to map the current body of research on traditional supply chain for further comparison with the cold supply chain. Sustainability in supply chain network design is often measured by the carbon footprint; other sustainability metrics such as water footprint and sustainable energy are not included. Literature on supply chain design can be further broken down into its three major components: 1) facility location/allocation, 2) inventory management, and 3) facility location/allocation combined with inventory management. In Chapter 3, we study and present an overview of the cold chain. In accordance to the three levels of supply chain management decision making, the study is divided into the following three sections: (1) strategic level, (2) tactical level, and (3) operational level. Specifically, we capture how these decisions will impact the three main components of sustainability: economic, environmental, and social components. In addition, we explain how these components are different in the cold chain, in comparison to the traditional supply chain, and why such unique differences are worth studying. The intent of this chapter is to provide an overview of cold chains and to identify open areas for research. Examples from industrial cases, in addition to data and information from white papers, reports and research articles are provided. In Chapter 4, the cold item inventory problem is formulated as a single-period model that considers both financial and emissions functions. A new formulation for holding and transportation cost and emission is proposed by considering unit capacity for holding and transportation. This model applies to cold items that need to be stored at a certain, non-ambient temperature. Holding cold items in a warehouse is usually done by dividing the warehouse into a set of cold freezer units inside rather than refrigerating the entire warehouse. The advantage of such a design is that individual freezer units can be turned off to save cost and energy, when they are not needed. As a result, there is a fixed (setup) cost for holding a group of items, which results in a step function to represent the fixed cost of turning on the freezer units, in addition to the variable cost of holding items based on the number of units held in inventory. Three main goals of studying this problem are: 1) deriving the mathematical structure and modeling the holding and transportation costs and environmental functions in cold chains, 2) proposing exact solution procedures to solve the math models, and 3) analyzing the tradeoffs involved in making inventory decisions based on minimizing emissions vs. minimizing cost in cold chains. This problem demonstrates the tradeoff between the cost and the emission functions in an important supply chain decision. Also, the analytical models and solution approaches provide the decision maker with analytical tools for making better decisions. In Chapter 5, we expand the developed model from Chapter 4 to include multiple types of products. We consider a group of products that share capacities as a family of products. According to the problem formulation, we have two types of decision variables: (1) determining if a product is a member of a family or not, and (2) how much to order and how frequently to order for products within each family. We propose a solution procedure in accordance with the decision variable types: (1) a procedure for grouping (partitioning) the products into different families, and (2) a procedure to solve the inventory problem for each family. A set of experiments are designed to answer a number of research questions, and brings more understandings of the developed models and solutions algorithms. Finally, the conclusions of this dissertation and suggestions for future research topics are presented in Chapter 6.

No description available.

No description available.