Nowadays, a growing number of startups, who used to produce non- intelligent devices, are seeking transformation and hope to achieve their Internet of Things (IoT) deployment. In other words, they begin to focus on producing smarter devices to meet user’s needs. At present, various IoT cloud platforms are emerging one after another, but using these resources can be costly for small companies. Since the entire IoT system is complex, it involves many links, the purpose of this project is to create a suitable IoT platform for small companies. The system applies JavaWeb technology with the framework of Spring MVC + Spring + Hibernate (SSH), uses open source User Interface (UI) solution and MySQL database management system (DBMS). At the same time, the system adopts Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) as the communication protocol to complete the data transmission between devices and the platform. Finally, the system is deployed in the server built on the Raspberry Pi. The system is measured from multiple aspects on the established scenario. The results show that companies and users can use the platform as expected, and companies can expand the system to further realize their IoT deployment in the future.

The number of Internet of Things applications for Wireless Sensor Networks is increasing every year due to the emerging of new brands such as Big Data and Industry 4.0. With the rise of new technologies related to these fields, new opportunities have become possible with a reasonable cost, but the requirements of WSNs still being the same, where energy efficiency, robustness, scalability and others must be accomplished. The commercial hardware developed by companies can be configured through different programs to be compatible among them, taking into account multiple variables, protocols, mechanisms and options provided by new solutions. Therefore, the configuration of different devices and choosing the optimum configuration can become quite challenging due to the number of paths. In this thesis, the configuration of commercial devices provided is carried out to be able to apply this hardware in different Internet of Things applications for Wireless Sensor Networks. Transceivers, sensors of temperature, relative humidity and CO2, a gateway, and different development kits are provided on this work, where the selection of the software to set these devices is made. Repeaters are configured to be compatible with the sensors and perform under the TDMA protocol and the request-response pattern, which synchronize the communication on the network, and under the flooding mechanism, which allows to route packets through the nodes due to the short range of RF low power technologies. The connection between the WSN and the Internet is made through the GW, which is also connected to the WSN, under the TCP/IP protocol, which is configured to provide Message Queue Telemetry Transport and SecureSHell services to access the GW remotely through the Internet and send requests to the WSN automatically. Node-Red is the programming tool installed upon the GW to implement data processing, storage and visualization, via the JavaScript programming language, where the user can deploy the data, which is stored in a CSV file, to make an analysis and visualize the data and the status of the network through a live data dashboard. Finally, an experiment is carried out over the HiG university where sensors are placed to measure different halls of the university and integrate an Internet of Things application for a Wireless Sensor Network. Due to the followed process, we have been able to measure data of temperature, relative humidity and CO2 concentration levels, creating a WSN, where this data has been saved in a connected USB to the gateway. Having a performance of 90% of messages received by the GW, and we have also been able to connect the GW to the Internet, creating a system that can be accessed remotely via the MQTT broker and providing different services such as data visualization.

Atualmente vive-se uma transformação digital na indústria, que está sendo referenciada como uma nova revolução e conhecida como a quarta revolução industrial. Essa nova revolução foi precedida por três anteriores, sendo que a primeira foi baseada no carvão como fonte de energia, impulsionando, assim, as máquinas a vapor e transformando o trabalho artesanal em automatizado; posteriormente, houve a segunda revolução industrial, baseada em conceitos de eletricidade para atingir a produção em massa; já a terceira revolução industrial baseou-se em sistemas eletrônicos e computacionais, tendo como o seu maior expoente os sistemas Supervisory Control and Data Aquisition (SCADA), que foram utilizados para aprimoramento e eficiência da linha de produção. Hoje, vive-se no limiar da quarta revolução industrial, que se apoia fortemente nas tecnologias habilitadoras, tais como: Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning, big data analytics, cyber-physical systems (CPS), machine-to-machine (M2M) e cloud computing. Essas tecnologias, trabalhando cooperativamente, são utilizadas para promover a transformação digital descrita nas visões ao redor do mundo, entre as quais se destacam: Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet Consortium e Manufatura Avançada. A presente pesquisa visa caracterizar as tecnologias habilitadoras, as visões da transformação digital e o cenário Brasil para esta nova realidade. O objetivo central é a definição de uma plataforma de transformação digital aplicada ao cenário da indústria de Utilities. Para a identificação do setor industrial, optou-se pela aplicação de um questionário direcionado às indústrias da região metropolitana de Campinas. Esse questionário serviu para traçar o nível de conhecimento, aderência e perfil profissional desejado pelas empresas relacionadas com a transformação digital. Na análise do questionário para o grupo estudado, verificou-se desconhecimento estratégico sobre a transformação digital e resistência para aplicação dos novos conceitos na cadeia de suprimentos existente. Para suprir esta necessidade e como prova de conceito foi proposta uma plataforma para transformação digital para a questão da água, com o objetivo de alcançar uma gestão eficiente dos recursos atrelada ao uso racional da água. Para a definição da plataforma foi realizado o levantamento de todo o processo de uma planta de tratamento de água, implantada nos moldes da terceira revolução industrial, de modo a melhorar o processo aplicando-se os conceitos da transformação digital na nova plataforma definida. Como resultado, o estudo de caso contribuiu para o projeto PURA-USP juntamente com o projeto SafeCity, do convênio Huawei-USP no âmbito do conceito de cidades inteligentes, integrando a transformação digital na gestão eficiente dos recursos hídricos no campus USP da capital. Adicionalmente, inseriu-se a capacitação técnica também no projeto Huawei-USP, denominada Centro de Internet do Futuro, habilitando e capacitando os profissionais para as novas tecnologias. / Nowadays, there´s a digital transformation in the industry, which is being referred to as a new revolution, known as the fourth industrial revolution. This new revolution was preceded by three previous ones, the first one was based on coal as a way of source energy, boosting the steam engines and turning the manual labor into automated; posteriorly the second industrial revolution was based on electricity concepts to achieve mass production; and the third industrial revolution, which was based on electronics and computer systems, having as its greatest exponent the systems Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and programmable logic controllers (PLC), which were used for improvement and production line efficiency. Today we are on the bound of the fourth industrial revolution, which strongly supports itself at enabling technologies, such as: Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, cyber-physical systems (CPS), machine-to-machine (M2M) and cloud computing. These technologies are working cooperatively used to promote digital transformation described in the sights around the world, between them are: Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet Consortium and Advanced Manufacturing. This research aims to characterize the enabling technologies, the visions of the digital transformation and Brazil scenario for this new reality. The main objective is the definition of a digital transformation platform applied in the industry scenario. To identify the industry it was chosen the application of a questionnaire targeting the industries at the metropolitan region of Campinas. This questionnaire was used to trace the level of knowledge, adherence and professional profile required of companies related to digital transformation. In the questionnaire analysis for the group in the scope there was strategic unfamiliarity about the digital transformation and resistance to application of new concepts in the existing supply chain. To meet this need and as a proof of concept, a platform for digital transformation for the water issue was proposed with the objective of achieve an efficient management of resources linked to the rational use of water. For the platform definition was performed a survey of the whole process of a water treatment plant that was implemented along the lines of the third industrial revolution and improved the process by applying the concepts of digital transformation in the new set platform. The case study aimed to contribute to the PURA-USP project, integrating the digital transformation in the efficient management of water resources on campus USP capital. Additionally, technical training was also included in the Huawei-USP project, denominated the Future Internet Center, enabling and training professionals for new technologies.

The contact patterns among individuals can significantly affect the progress of an infectious outbreak within a population. Gathering data about these interaction and mixing patterns is essential to assess computational modeling of infectious diseases. Various self-report approaches have been designed in different studies to collect data about contact rates and patterns. Recent advances in sensing technology provide researchers with a bilateral automated data collection devices to facilitate contact gathering overcoming the disadvantages of previous approaches. In this study, a novel unilateral wearable sensing architecture has been proposed that overcome the limitations of the bi-lateral sensing. Our unilateral wearable sensing system gather contact data using hybrid sensor arrays embedded in wearable shirt. A smartphone application has been used to transfer the collected sensors data to the cloud and apply deep learning model to estimate the number of human contacts and the results are stored in the cloud database. The deep learning model has been developed on the hand labelled data over multiple experiments. This model has been tested and evaluated, and these results were reported in the study. Sensitivity analysis has been performed to choose the most suitable image resolution and format for the model to estimate contacts and to analyze the model's consumption of computer resources.

A WIoT is a wireless network of low-power sensing nodes placed on the human body. While operating, these networks routinely collect physiological signals to send to offsite medical professionals for review. In this manner, these networks support a concept known as pervasive healthcare in which patients can be continuously monitored and treated remotely. Given that these networks are used to guide medical treatment and depend on transmitting sensitive data, it is important to ensure that the communication channel remains secure. Symmetric pairwise cryptography is a traditional scheme that can be used to provide such security. The scheme functions by sharing a cryptographic key between a pair of sensors. Once shared, the key can then be used by both parties to encrypt and decrypt all future messages. To configure a WIoT to support the use of symmetric pairwise cryptography a key distribution protocol is required. Schemes for pre-deployment are often used to perform this distribution. These schemes usually require inserting key information into WIoT devices before they can be used in the network. Unfortunately, this need to manually configure WIoT devices can decrease their usability. In this thesis we propose and evaluate an alternative approach to key distribution that uses physiological signals derived from accelerometer and gyroscope sensors. The evaluation of our approach indicates that more study is required to determine techniques that will enable ballistocardiography-derived physiological signals to provide secure key distribution.

Este trabalho apresenta um conversor CC - CC baseado em Capacitores Chaveados de 6 fases e tempos intercalados com o objetivo de coletar energia fotovoltaica projetado em tecnologia CMOS de 130 nm para ser usado em aplicações em Internet das Coisas e Nós Sensores. Ele rastreia o máximo ponto de entrega de energia de um painel fotovoltaico policristalino de 3 cm x 3 cm através de modulação da frequência de chaveamento com o objetivo de carregar baterias. A razão da tensão de circuito aberto foi a estratégia de rastreio escolhida. O conversor foi projetado em uma tecnologia CMOS de 130 nm e alcança uma eficiência de 90 % para potencias de entrada maiores do que 30 mW e pode operar com tensões que vão de 1.25 até 1.8 V, resultando em saídas que vão de 2.5 até 3.6, respectivamente. Os circuitos periféricos também incluem uma proteção contra sobre tensão na saída de 3.6 V e circuitos para controle, que consomem um total máximo de potência estática de 850 A em 3.3 V de alimentação. O layout completo ocupa uma área de 300 x 700 m2 de silício. Os únicos componentes não integrados são 6x100 nF capacitores.

Enhancement of QoS in PS network as 5G communication network is non trivial endeavour which faces a host of new challenges beyond 3G and 4G communication networks. The number of nodes, the homogeneity of the access technologies, the conflicting network management objectives, resource usage minimization, and the division between limited physical resources and elastic virtual resources is driving a complete change in the vision and methodologies for efficient management of the available network resources. QoS is the measure of the reliability and performance of the networks' nodes and links, particularly as perceived by the end users of the services and application that are transported via PS network. Furthermore, QoS is a composite metric as it based on a number of multiple factors, which indicate the E2E characteristics and performance of the network condition, applications and services. Hence, reductions or improvements in the QoS level can brought about through a number of combined factors. This thesis tries to introduce a vision of Quality of Service (QoS) enhancement and management based on the 5th generation network requirements and solutions by: Firstly: Proposing a traffic flow management policy, which allocates and organises Machine Type Communication (MTC) traffic flow's network resources sharing within Evolved Packet System (EPS), with an access element as a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) gateway for providing an overlaying access channel between the Machine Type Devices (MTDs) and EPS. This proposal addresses the effect and interaction in the heterogeneity of applications, services and terminal devices and the related QoS issues among them. The introduced work in this proposal overcomes the problems of network resource starvation by preventing deterioration of network performance. The scheme is validated through simulation, which indicates the proposed traffic flow management policy outperforms the current traffic management policy. Specifically, simulation results show that the proposed model achieves an enhancement in QoS performance for the MTC traffic flows, including a decrease of 99.45% in Packet Loss Rate (PLR), a decrease of 99.89% in packet End to End (E2E) delay, a decrease of 99.21% in Packet Delay Variation (PDV). Furthermore, it retains the perceived Quality of Experience (QoE) of the real time application users within high satisfaction levels, such as the Voice over Long Term Evolution (VoLTE) service possessing a Mean Opinion Score (MOS)of 4.349 and enhancing the QoS of a video conference service within the standardised values of a 3GPP body, with a decrease of 85.28% in PLR, a decrease of 85% in packet E2E delay and a decrease of 88.5% in PDV. Secondly: Proposing an approach for allocating existing 4G installed network radio access nodes to multiple Base Band Unit (BBU) pools, which is proposed to deploy 5G Cloud-Radio Access Network (C-RAN) and improve the offered Network QoS (NQoS). The proposed approach involves performing radio access nodes clustering based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, model selection Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), Measure of spread technique and Voronoi tessellation. The proposed scheme is used to consider a Dynamic C-RAN (DC-RAN) operation, that adaptively adjusts the main Radio Remote Head (RRH) coverage range according to the traffic load requirement as well as considering energy saving. The numerical results of the approach show that the optimized partition of the proposed network model is 41 BBU pools, with an average density of RRHs per pool area, which matches the primary average density of the radio access nodes per network area. Thirdly: Developing mathematical framework that investigates the Power Consumption (PC) profile for the interaction of Internet of Thing (IoT) Application QoS (AQoS) with NQoS in wireless Software Defined Network (SDN) as SDN for WIreless SEnsor network (SDN-WISE). This profile model offers flexibility for managing the structure of the Machine to Machine (M2M) system in IoT. It enables controlling the provided NQoS, precisely the achieved PHY layer transmission link throughput, combined with the AQoS, represented by IoT data stream payload size. The investigation is composed of two essential SDN traffic parts, they are control plane signalling and data plane traffic PCs and their relevance with QoS. The results show that 98% PC in data plane companion with a control plane PC of 2% in overall of the proposed system power, these figures were achieved with control plane signalling Transmission Time Interval (TTI) of 5 sec and a maximum data plane payload size of 92 Bytes as a worst case scenario.

LoRaWAN is an open networking technology designed for IoT devices that al-lows wireless data transmission over longer ranges than some other wireless tech-nologies, like Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, for devices that are constrained in terms of size,price, and available power. The current design of roaming among networks in LoRaWANis heavily inspired by that of mobile networks, as the use of roaming agreementsis mandated. Roaming agreements create unnecessary administrative overhead thathinders deployments. A roaming model that is quicker and simpler to deploy couldsave money for current users, and could even attract new users to the technology.To circumvent the necessity of roaming agreements, a new, scalable and agreement-less roaming model should be proposed. In this thesis project a literature survey isconducted, investigating similar technologies to find hints or inspiration for a newroaming model. It is found that the broker software architecture pattern put in thecontext of roaming in LoRaWAN suits the requirements quite well, so the new roam-ing model has been developed based on that. A software simulation has been imple-mented to gather data regarding the scalability of the model. It has been found thatthe proposed model is both scalable, and agreement-less.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the next phase in the evolution of the internet, where everyday objects are connected to the internet, and obtain the capacity to communicate with other devices and sense their environment. Especially the IIoT is one of the most talked about industrial business concepts since the recent years, companies try to focus on business models and operational efficiency. That is why this thesis focuses on researching the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). There is already a lot of information about the common Internet of Things but still a gap in research in the business perspective, especially surrounding the concept of business models for the IIoT. The goal of this project is to investigate different kinds of business models, how they work and how feasible they are. The need to research possible business models for an IIoT framework, as traditional business models are relevant for this study, such as the Business Model Canvas which has been proposed by Alexander Osterwalder or the Business Model Navigator by Oliver Gassmann. But there is still a lack of literature covering the business models for the IIoT. Therefore, after researching the concept of IIoT from a business perspective, I identified some useful criteria and suitable business models. With a qualitative literature study, I was able to develop an IIoT business model framework, based on the dynamics and complexity of the IIoT concept, which incorporates business strategies and provides companies with a flexible approach. The business model framework can be used in any business which is working in the industrial context. To demonstrate how the business model framework works for the IIoT, I clarified how suitable business models can improve the current business model of the very prominent and successful company Tesla. The results show how the framework of IIoT business models can be used to increase profit and work efficiently as a company. The models can also be formed to only highlight single components of an already existing business model, as it offers great flexibility, which is highly valuable in the fast evolving and innovative IIoT phenomenon.

A digital twin facilitates the means to monitor, understand, and optimize the functions of the physical entity and provides continuous feedback to improve quality of life, and Medical Cyber-Physical Systems (MCPS) is an integral part of this vision. Many studies focus on human motion to digitize data for further analysis. The literature review presented here emphasizes on gait analysis and gait events detection using wearable devices, which compare results by testing on different groups of individuals. Amongst those, there is a focus on digitizing activities for athletes and sports activities. However, there is a lack of research that address configurability for this type of MCPS. Adding new physical devices to an established MCPS requires manual configuration. Recent studies either solve the issue of users’ mobility by providing a wireless solution with local storage, or sacrifice mobility in order to provide real-time information through wired communication. However, group physical activity applications, such as sports coaching and group physiotherapy, use customized devices that need to be automatically configured in the system. In addition, these systems need to support mobility and real-time data presentation. To solve this problem, a framework is proposed to design a wellbeing Cyber-Physical System (CPS) that focuses on system configurability, providing real-time data of body sensor networks while supporting wireless and mobile communication. A communication protocol is proposed to allow seamless integration and communication of system components, and to enable bandwidth-conscious data transmission. As a proof of concept, a configurable CPS for gait activities monitoring is designed to read, visualize, and backup spatiotemporal data from one or more multi-sensory physical devices over conventional Wi-Fi and in real-time. Two experiments were performed using the implemented CPS. The first experiment was performed outdoors and tested if the CPS components would recognize each other and work seamlessly over foreign networks while providing usable information. The second experiment was performed in collaboration with the Health Sciences Department using our system and the Tekscan Strideway gait mat simultaneously to compare results and to ensure accuracy. In addition, this experiment tested configurability of the system by using different measurement devices for different users.