Road roughness is an important factor in determining the quality of a stretch of road. The International Roughness Index, a specific measure of road roughness, is widely used metric. However, in order to measure roughness, an accurate road profile must exist. To measure the roads, terrain profiling systems are commonly used. Modern systems based on laser scanners and inertial navigation systems (INS) are able to measure thousands of data points per seconds over a wide path. However, because of the subsystems in the profiling systems, they are susceptible to errors that reduce the accuracy of the measurements. Thus, both major subsystems - the laser and the navigation system - must be accurate and synchronized for the road to be correctly scanned. The sensors' mounting was investigated to ensure that the vehicle motion is accurately captured and accounted for, demonstrated in the Vehicle Terrain Performance Lab's (VTPL) Ford Explorer profilometer. Next, INS errors were addressed. These may include drift in the inertial measurement unit or errors due to poor reception with the global navigation satellite system. The solution to these errors was demonstrated through the VTPL's HMMWV profilometer. / Master of Science

Uno de los objetivos primordiales de la conservación vial, es “evitar al máximo posible la pérdida del capital ya invertido, mediante la protección física de la estructura básica y de la superficie del camino”. Esto se consigue primordialmente brindando un mantenimiento de tipo rutinario y periódico que evita la destrucción de la estructura de los caminos y posterior rehabilitación o reconstrucción. La presente tesis, está elaborada en base a investigación por un lado y por el otro lado aplicativo, la Parte de investigación corresponde a la información teórica recopilada, en las visitas que se realizarán a organismos viales en nuestro país: Ministerio de transporte, Provias Nacional y Provias Rural y de manera muy significativa la información que recibo en el área donde laboro. En cuanto a la parte aplicativa, es aquí donde se pone en práctica la parte conceptual de la tesis y para ello el tramo que sirvió de aplicación, el tramo Pte. Huarochiri – Sihuas. Después del mantenimiento rutinario y periódico a la vía se realizará una evaluación con el Software HDM-4, donde nos indicará que el IRI promedio estará en el rango admisible en los próximos 4 años, donde requerirá realizar trabajos rutinarios durante esos años y en el quinto año se tendrá que realizar un TSB (Tratamiento superficial bicapa) debido al aumento del IMD.

Empati förknippas i regel med medkänsla för andra. Forskning har visat att omvårdnad av andra utvecklar förståelsen för andras situation och ger högre empati. Studiens syfte var att undersöka om det finns samband mellan empati i relation till någon eller något utanför sig själv. Empatin mättes med Davis Interpersonal Reactivity Index i relation till om man har husdjur, vårdar andra, har levande växter, växte upp med syskon, följer en vegetarisk/vegankost, har barn, lever ensam och har blivit utsatt för mobbning. 180 deltagare var av 107 kvinnor, 60 män samt 13 icke benämnda kön rekryterades genom en kombination av strategiskt och tillgänglighetsurval.Resultaten visade att de som vårdade andra hade lägre empati än de som inte vårdade andra, de utan barn hade högre empati än föräldrar, yngre hade högre empati än äldre och kvinnor hade högre empati än män. Ett varierat urval och ett reliabelt mätinstrument var några av studiens styrkor.

Att spela tv- och datorspel är idag en stor del av många människors liv. Ioch med en förfinad teknik hos spelen, med bättre spelmiljö och artificiellintelligens skapas det en större realism och funderingar kan uppstå hur dettakan påverka en utövare. Den här undersökningen testade sambandet mellanempati och graden av våldsamhet i spelen hos en utövare. Det var 64gymnasieelever som deltog i en enkätundersökning, varav 16 var män. Föratt mäta empati användes Davis-IRI. Samtliga studerade vid ettsamhällsvetenskapligt program. Resultatet visade att män spelade mer, ochvåldsammare spel än kvinnor. Personer som spelade var mindre ängsliga ändem som inte spelade. Minst ängsliga var de som spelade våldsammast spel.Däremot hade de som spelade mindre våldsamma spel mer empatiskomtanke och perspektivtagande. Empatin var alltså lägre hos de somspelade våldsammare spel. Det kan dock ej fastställas om empatinivåernaberor på spelen eller utövaren.

Empati är ett brett begrepp som är svårdefinierat, det är även svårt att veta vad som påverkar empatin. Diskussioner om hur våldsamma tv- och datorspel påverkar empatin negativt ökar. Denna studie undersöker sambandet mellan tv- och datorspel och empati där empati definieras som ett karaktärsdrag och en reaktion. Totalt deltog 485, varav 411 var kvinnor, 62 män och 12 som inte ville uppge kön/icke-binära. Davis IRI-skala användes för att mäta empati och enkäten skickades ut som webbenkät och i pappersform. Resultatet visade att kvinnorna skattade högre i empati. Det fanns även en skillnad mellan vilken spelgenre som spelas, där pussel spelades mest. Yngre män spelade våldsammare spel än äldre män medan äldre kvinnor spelade våldsammare spel än yngre kvinnor. De som spelar våldsammare spel skattade lägre i personlig oro. Detta kan tänkas bero på spelarens kvicktänkthet och att de blir stresståligare.

Th. 3e cycle--Biol. cell. et biol. appl.--Lyon 1, 1977. N°: 628.

No description available.

The patriarchal legal system and the socio-cultural institutions of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) relegate Iranian women to second-class citizens. Yet, Canadian feminist texts such as Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale (1985) and Carol Shields's Unless (2002) have been translated into Persian, in 2003 and 2005 respectively. Moreover, they circulate freely and are found in Iran’s National Library. This seeming discrepancy needs a systemic and contextually-based explanation. Four questions guide my dissertation: What happens to the texts as they cross the cultural boundaries into the receiving society? Specifically, which features of feminist texts are most vulnerable to censorial interventions and what does that reveal about the interplay of the hegemonic theocratic-patriarchy and translation? Finally, how is the Persian translation of feminist texts even possible, given Iran’s legal, political and socio-cultural antagonism toward women’s autonomy? In other words, what factors mitigate such translations? To answer these questions, I outline the legal representation of women in the legal discourse and the socio-cultural attitudes towards women’s rights in Iran subsequent to the (1906-1911) Constitutional Revolution and the 1979 Revolution, which led to an Islamist government. I examine the impacts of the IRI’s androcentric legislations on women’s rights, and the censorship mechanisms on Persian and imported feminist literature. I explore the types and extent of resistance to censorship, and I study the representation of women in school textbooks, cinema and Persian literature to analyze the impact that the interaction between the legal discourse, censorship and resistance has on cultural products. I conduct a comparative text analysis using theories of feminist linguistics and descriptive translation studies (Toury 1995; Cameron 1985, 1995) to investigate the extent to which patriarchal mechanisms influence the translation of the two novels. The goal is to determine how the legal and socio-cultural discourses of the target society affect the form and meaning of the translation, and to identify translation strategies that undermine the very features that make a novel female-centric. I demonstrate how these translation strategies consistently produce target texts that conform to the state-sponsored patriarchal agenda, and synchronize with the gender values and norms of the IRI.

No description available.

Road smoothness is one of the most important road functional characteristics because it affects ride quality, operation cost, and vehicle dynamic load. There are many types of devices that measure the road profile, which is often used to compute different smoothness indices. The development of performance-based specifications and pavement warranties that use ride quality as a performance measure has increased the need for accurate measurement of pavement smoothness. For this reason, researchers have compared and evaluated the performance of available profilers and several profiler accuracy criteria have been proposed. However, there is not a definite answer on the ability of available profilers to accurately measure the actual road profile as well as the various smoothness indices. A recent profiler round-up compared the performance of 68 profilers on five test sections at Virginia Smart Road. The equipment evaluated included high-speed, light-weight, and walking-speed profilers, in addition to the reference device (rod and level). The test sites included two sites with traditional hot-mix asphalt (HMA) surfaces, one with a coarse-textured HMA surface, one on a continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP), and one on a jointed plain concrete pavement (JCP). This investigation used a sample of the data collected during the experiment to compare the profiles and International Roughness Index (IRI) measured by each type of equipment with each other and with the reference. These comparisons allowed determination of the accuracy and repeatability capabilities of the existing equipment, evaluation of the appropriateness of various profiler accuracy criteria, and recommendations of usage criteria for different applications. The main conclusion of this investigation is that there are profilers available that can produce the level of accuracy (repeatability and bias) required for construction quality control and assurance. However, the analysis also showed that the accuracy varies significantly even with the same type of device. None of the inertial profilers evaluated met the current IRI bias standard requirements on all five test sites. On average, the profilers evaluated produced more accurate results on the conventional smooth pavement than on the coarse textured pavements. The cross-correlation method appears to have some advantages over the conventional point-to-point statistics method for comparing the measured profiles. On the sites investigated, good cross-correlation among the measured and reference profiles assured acceptable IRI accuracy. Finally, analysis based on Power Spectral Density and gain method showed that the profiler gain errors are nonuniformly distributed and that errors at different wavelengths have variable effects on the IRI bias. / Master of Science