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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Étude du vieillissement d'un prototype de la chambre à dérive BaBar sous l'effet de la radiation

Woch, Anna January 1998 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
52

Nano-crystallization Inhibition in 5 Nm Ru Film Diffusion Barriers for Advanced Cu-interconnect

Sharma, Bed P. 12 1900 (has links)
As the semiconductor industries are moving beyond 22 nm node technology, the currently used stacked Ta/TaN diffusion barrier including a copper seed will be unable to fulfill the requirements for the future technologies. Due to its low resistivity and ability to perform galvanic copper fill without a seed layer, ruthenium (Ru) has emerged as a potential copper diffusion barrier. However, its crystallization and columnar nanostructure have been the main cause of barrier failures even at low processing temperatures (300 oC -350 oC). In this study, we have proposed and evaluated three different strategies to improve the performance of the ultrathin Ru film as a diffusion barrier for copper. The first study focused on shallow surface plasma irradiation/amorphization and nitridation of 5 nm Ru films. Systematic studies of amorphization and nitrogen incorporation versus sample bias were performed. XPS, XRD and RBS were used to determine the physico-chemical, crystallization and barrier efficiency of the plasma modified Ru barrier. The nitrogen plasma surface irradiation of Ru films at substrate bias voltage of -350 V showed an improved barrier performance up to 400 oC annealing temperatures. The barrier barely started failing at 450 oC due mainly to nitrogen instability. The second study involved only amorphization of the Ru thin film without any nitrogen incorporation. A low energy ion beam irradiation/amorphization on Ru thin film was carried out by using 60 KeV carbon ions with different irradiation doses. The irradiation energy was chosen high enough so that the irradiation ions pass through the whole Ru thin film and stop in the SiO2/Si support substrate. The C-ion fluence of 5×1016 atoms/cm2 at 60 KeV made the Ru film near amorphous without changing its composition. XRD and RBS were used to determine the relationship between crystallization and barrier efficiency of the carbon irradiated Ru barrier. The amorphized Ru film showed an improved barrier performance up to 400 oC annealing temperatures similar to the plasma nitrided Ru films. The barrier barely began to fail at 450 oC due mainly to crystallization. The third study focused on a study of Al doping of nitrided Ru thin films and their crystallinity with the aim of obtaining a completely amorphous Ru based barrier and stable nitridation. The addition of 4% Al and 14% of nitrogen in Ru produced a near amorphous film. Nitrogen in the film remained stable until the annealing temperature of 450 oC for 10 min in N2 atmosphere. Crystallization growth of the film was inhibited until 450 oC. At 500 oC, the crystallization of the Ru films barely started, but the degree of its crystallization is minimal. The Ru-Al-N film was demonstrated to be an effective diffusion barrier for copper until the annealing temperature of 450 oC and began to fail at 500 oC. The Al doping was shown to stabilize the nitrogen in the Ru thin film barrier inhibiting its crystallization and leading to improved diffusion barrier performance and a gain in processing temperatures of 150 oC -200 oC over the as prepared pure Ru thin film barriers.
53

The Effects of x-irradiation on embryogenesis, infectivity, and migratory behavior of the larvae of Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) in white mice /

Lyles, Demetrice Irving January 1969 (has links)
No description available.
54

Etude des défauts étendus induits par irradiation dans UO2 par microscopie électronique en transmission / Study of extended defects created under irradiation in UO2 using the transmission electron microscopy

Onofri, Claire 06 October 2016 (has links)
Lors de son irradiation en réacteur, le dioxyde d'uranium subit d'importantes modifications physico-chimiques (génération de bulles de gaz de fission, création de dislocations...). Le relâchement des gaz de fission est un critère important du point de vue de la sureté nucléaire, limitant le temps de vie du combustible en réacteur. Or, la croissance préférentielle des bulles localisées sur les défauts étendus a été mise en évidence expérimentalement. Le but de ce travail est donc d'étudier les dislocations induites par irradiation, afin d'améliorer la compréhension du comportement du combustible. Les objectifs sont de déterminer les caractéristiques des défauts étendus (vecteur de Burgers, plan d'habitat, nature interstitielle ou lacunaire), leurs mécanismes d'évolution (nucléation, grossissement), ainsi que l'influence de différents paramètres d'irradiation, tels que la fluence, la température et la présence d'atomes exogènes sur leur cinétique d'évolution. Pour ce faire, des études à effets séparés basées sur la réalisation d'irradiations aux ions (plateformes JANNuS d'Orsay et de Saclay) et de caractérisations in situ à différentes échelles comme des observations au Microscope Electronique en Transmission (CEMES, JANNuS Orsay), des mesures de Diffraction des Rayons X et de spectroscopie Raman, ont été mises en place. Enfin, la caractérisation du combustible irradié en réacteur réalisée à JRC-ITU, a révélé des défauts étendus très semblables à ceux induits par des irradiations aux ions, en termes de densité et de caractéristiques. / During in-reactor irradiation, several phenomena take place in the uranium dioxide fuel: fission gas bubbles and extended defects (dislocation loops and lines) generation, doping by fission products, etc. Fission gas release is an important nuclear safety issue and represent, among others, a limiting factor for the fuel lifetime in reactors. It has been shown experimentally that the extended defects are preferential growth sites for fission gas bubbles. Hence, the study of extended defects created under irradiation is a significant step to better understand the fuel behavior. The aims of this study are to determine the extended defect characteristics (Burgers vectors, habit planes, interstitial or vacancy nature), their evolution mechanisms and the effect of the different irradiation parameters, such as fluence, temperature and exogenous atoms, on the evolution kinetics. To do that, separated-effects studies have been performed using ion irradiations/implantations (JANNuS facilities in Orsay and in Saclay) followed by in situ TEM characterizations (CEMES, JANNuS Orsay), XRD and Raman spectroscopy measurements. Finally, the characterization of fuel irradiated in reactor performed at JRC-ITU, revealed that extended defects are very much closed to those induced by ion irradiations, in terms of density and characteristics.
55

Ion-Irradiation-Induced Damage in Nuclear Materials : Case Study of a-SiO₂ and MgO / Endommagement induit par irradiation ionique dans des matériaux pour le nucléaire : étude de cas du a-SiO₂ et du MgO

Bachiller Perea, Diana 21 June 2016 (has links)
Un des plus grands défis de la Physique aujourd’hui est de créer une source d’énergie propre, durable et efficace qui puisse satisfaire les besoins de la société actuelle et future avec le minimum d’impact sur l’environnement. Dans ce cadre, un grand effort de recherche internationale est dévoué à l’étude de nouveaux systèmes de production d’énergie ; réacteurs de fission de Génération IV et réacteurs de fusion nucléaire sont en particulier en train d’être développés. Les matériaux utilisés dans ces réacteurs seront soumis à des hauts niveaux de radiation, ce qui rend nécessaire l’étude de leur comportement sous irradiation pour permette le succès du développement de ces nouvelles technologies. Dans cette thèse, deux matériaux ont été étudiés : la silice amorphe (a-SiO₂) et l’oxyde de magnésium (MgO). Ces deux matériaux sont des oxydes isolants avec des applications dans l’industrie de l’énergie nucléaire. Des irradiations avec des ions de haute énergie ont été réalisées sur différentes plateformes d’accélérateurs d’ions pour induire l’endommagement de ces deux matériaux par irradiation ; ensuite, les mécanismes d’endommagement ont été caractérisés en utilisant, principalement, des techniques d’analyse par faisceau d’ions (techniques IBA).Un des objectifs de cette thèse était de développer la technique d’ionoluminescence (qui est une technique IBA très peu connue) et de l’appliquer à l’étude des mécanismes d’endommagement par irradiation des matériaux, démontrant alors le potentiel de cette technique. L’ionoluminescence de trois types différents de silice (avec des différentes teneurs en OH) a ainsi été étudiée en détail et utilisée pour décrire la création et l’évolution des défauts ponctuels sous irradiation. Dans le cas de MgO, l’endommagement produit par irradiation avec des ions Au⁺ à 1.2 MeV a été caractérisé en utilisant la technique de spectrométrie de rétrodiffusion Rutherford en configuration de canalisation et la diffraction des rayons X. Finalement, l’ionoluminescence de MgO sous différentes conditions d’irradiation a aussi été étudiée. Les résultats obtenus dans cette thèse aident à comprendre les processus d’endommagement par irradiation dans les matériaux, ce qui est indispensable pour le développement de nouvelles sources d’énergie nucléaire. / One of the most important challenges in Physics today is the development of a clean, sustainable, and efficient energy source that can satisfy the needs of the actual and future society producing the minimum impact on the environment. For this purpose, a huge international research effort is being devoted to the study of new systems of energy production; in particular, Generation IV fission reactors and nuclear fusion reactors are being developed. The materials used in these reactors will be subjected to high levels of radiation, making necessary the study of their behavior under irradiation to achieve a successful development of these new technologies. In this thesis two materials have been studied: amorphous silica (a-SiO₂) and magnesium oxide (MgO). Both materials are insulating oxides with applications in the nuclear energy industry. High-energy ion irradiations have been carried out at different accelerator facilities to induce the irradiation damage in these two materials; then, the mechanisms of damage have been characterized using principally Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) techniques. One of the challenges of this thesis was to develop the Ion Beam Induced Luminescence or ionoluminescence (which is not a widely known IBA technique) and to apply it to the study of the mechanisms of irradiation damage in materials, proving the power of this technique. For this purpose, the ionoluminescence of three different types of silica (containing different amounts of OH groups) has been studied in detail and used to describe the creation and evolution of point defects under irradiation. In the case of MgO, the damage produced under 1.2 MeV Au⁺ irradiation has been characterized using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in channeling configuration and X-ray diffraction. Finally, the ionoluminescence of MgO under different irradiation conditions has also been studied.The results obtained in this thesis help to understand the irradiation-damage processes in materials, which is essential for the development of new nuclear energy sources.
56

Comportement sous irradiation des verres d'aluminosilicate / Aluminosilicate glasses behavior under irradiation

Le Gac, Alexandre 06 October 2017 (has links)
La compréhension des effets d’irradiation dans les verres d’oxyde est importante dans le domaine du conditionnement des déchets nucléaire et requière l’évaluation du rôle des formateurs de réseau, principalement le silicium, le bore et l’aluminium, mais aussi du rôle des éléments alcalins et alcalino-terreux qui peuvent agir en tant que modificateurs de réseau ou compensateurs de charge. Les verres d’aluminoborosilicates ont été très étudiés et le rôle des changements de coordinence du bore sur l’évolution structurale du verre sous irradiation a été souligné. Cependant, il n’y a que peu d’études sur les verres d’aluminosilicates et presque qu’aucune information sur l’influence de l’aluminium et de ses compensateurs de charge sur l’évolution du réseau sous irradiation. Ce travail de thèse a donc pour objectif de déterminer les effets de la teneur en aluminium et du type de compensateurs de charge (ici les ions sodium et calcium) sur l’évolution de la structure des verres d’aluminosilicates sous irradiation. Afin de comprendre les différents phénomènes dans les verres d’oxyde complexes, 13 verres simplifiés, composés d’oxydes de SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O et CaO, ont été élaborés. Ainsi, l’influence des rapports Na2O/CaO et Al2O3/SiO2 et de la teneur en Al2O3 ont été investigués. Pour simuler les désintégrations alpha et comparer les dommages électronique et balistique, des irradiations externes aux ions He2+ d’énergie 5 MeV et aux ions Au4+ d’énergie 7 MeV ont été réalisées sur les verres. Des irradiations aux électrons ont également été faites afin d’obtenir des échantillons irradiés en volume par des collisions électroniques à faible pouvoir d’arrêt. / The understanding of radiation effects in oxide glasses is important in nuclear waste conditioning field and requires the evaluation of the role of the glass formers, mainly silicon, boron and aluminum, but also of the alkali and alkali-earth elements that can act either as modifier elements or charge compensators. Aluminoborosilicate glasses were highly studied and the role of boron coordination changes on structural evolution under irradiation was highlighted. However, there are only few studies on aluminosilicate glasses and almost no information about the influence of aluminum and its charge compensators on the glassy network evolution under irradiation. The goal of this work is therefore to determine the effects of aluminum content and type of charge compensators (here, Na and Ca cations) on the aluminosilicate glass structure evolution under irradiation. To understand the different phenomena in complex oxide glasses, 13 simplified glasses, composed of SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O and CaO oxides, were elaborated. Hence, the influence of Na2O/CaO and Al2O3/SiO2 ratios, and Al2O3 content, were investigated. To simulate alpha decays and compare electronic and ballistic damage, external irradiations at room temperature with 5 MeV He2+ and 7 MeV Au4+ were performed on glasses. 2.5 MeV electron irradiations were also done to obtain bulk samples irradiated by electronic collisions at low stopping power.
57

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Response to Neutron and Gamma Irradiation

Dahl, Erik Monroe 23 May 2013 (has links)
The unique electronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have sparked interest for using such nanomaterials in the nuclear industry and within radiation detection devices. To explore the application of SWNTs in the nuclear industry, it was first deemed necessary to study how SWNTs respond to the two main types of radiation occurring in nuclear environments, neutrons and gamma rays. SWNT samples were irradiated in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory with neutrons and gamma rays at incremented lengths of time allowing for multiple fluence intensities to be received by the samples. After irradiation, Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor the damage incurred from neutron and gamma irradiation. It was found that disorder within the SWNT lattice network increased with increasing irradiation intensity. The results indicated that the gamma irradiation was causing the majority of the damage with little to no damage caused by the neutron irradiation. Further investigation showed that the non-linearity of the disorder increase with increasing irradiation intensity was typical of sample doping instead of the expected particle impacts. It was concluded that the gamma irradiation was generating dopants within the SWNTs by the process of water radiolysis. Water vapor trapped between the SWNT film layer and the substrate that the film layer was placed on was identified as the source of the sample dopants. Although unexpected, the results from this experiment have provided insight into a potential gamma radiation detection technique using SWNTs that has never been considered until now. / Master of Science
58

Carbon-14-containing compounds produced by the pile-neutron irradiation of cyanoguanidine

Lapp, Thomas William. January 1961 (has links)
Call number: LD2668 .T4 1961 L36
59

Rapid methods for the identification of gamma irradiated lipid containing foods

Tewfik, Ihab Hamdy January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
60

Preparation and properties of phthalocyanine sensitisers for photodynamic therapy (PDT)

Bishop, Steven Michael January 1993 (has links)
No description available.

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