A presente dissertação de mestrado pretende estudar o desdobramento da garantia do direito à origem de crianças e adolescentes no contexto da adoção, marcada pelo rompimento dos vínculos com a família biológica e pela irrevogabilidade, ressaltando o possível reflexo dessa opção legislativa na formação da identidade e personalidade desses sujeitos de direito. Assume-se, com tal propósito, a necessidade de uma nova visão do instituto, que contemple não apenas o seu caráter construtivo e garantista, ou seja, formação e garantia de uma família à criança ou adolescente, mas também o seu traço de desconstrução, muitas vezes pouco estudado: significa a desconstrução de um nome, uma filiação, uma origem, um passado e uma história, enquanto outros serão formados de modo ficcional. A análise da adoção sob o enfoque de solidariedade social pressupõe o conhecimento e a escuta atenta das famílias que tem seus filhos afastados do convívio e submetidos a medidas de acolhimento institucional, com o fim de aferir o sensível descompasso entre teoria e prática da doutrina da proteção integral contemplada pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. A ampliação dos espaços para escuta de todos os atores pressupõe, ainda, o fortalecimento das capacidades de crianças e adolescentes posicionarem-se como verdadeiros sujeitos de direito quanto às questões afetas aos seus próprios destinos. Nessa linha de raciocínio, conceitos corriqueiramente invocados nos discursos forenses para fins de afastamento de pais e filhos passam por uma profunda revisão norteada pelos conhecimentos de outras áreas de ciências humanas, de modo interdisciplinar, tais como história, psicologia e sociologia. Observa-se, com destaque, a dificuldade de garantia de permanência e estabilidade em um mundo marcado por relações fluidas e voláteis, notadamente quando se trata do Direito da Infância e Juventude, formado, de um lado, por pessoas em franco processo de desenvolvimento crianças e adolescentes e, de outro, por suas famílias, como típico fenômeno social, inseridas em um processo aflitivo de afirmação de direitos. Ao final, caminha-se para a conclusão de que a figura da filiação múltipla poderia auxiliar na compatibilização do passado e do futuro de crianças e adolescentes adotados, preservando suas identidades e personalidades. / This PhD thesis intends to study the development, as far as adoption is concerned, of children and adolescents right to origin, marked by the sunder of bonds with the biological family as well as by its irrevocability, denouncing the possible reflex of such legislative options on the development of identity and personality of those legal subjects. It is hereby assumed, thus, the necessity of a new envision of this institute, contemplating not only its constructive and safeguarding character, i.e., the formation and safeguarding of the right of a family to a child or adolescent, but also its deconstructive feature, often less studied: that is, the deconstruction of a name, affiliation, past and history, while others are conceived fictionally. The study of adoption under a social solidarity scope presumes the acknowledgement and the focused listening of families which had their children separated from of their lives and submitted to institutional sheltering measures, with the purpose of identifying the reasonable gap between theory and practice, regarding the integral protection doctrine contemplated by the Children and Adolescents Statute. The amplification of spaces for listening to those actors presumes, also, the strengthening of children and adolescents capacity to position themselves as true legal subjects, in relation to questions concerning their own destinies. In that line of reasoning, commonly referred by legal opinions regarding the separation of parents and children, a profound review based on concepts of other humanities sciences is interdisciplinarily conducted, involving history, psychology and sociology. It is observed, apropos, the difficulty of safeguarding permanence and stability in a world distinguished by fluid and volatile relationships, specially as far as the Children and Adolescents Law is concerned, being composed, on one hand, by people during a direct process of development children and adolescents and, on the other, by their families, in a typical social phenomenon inserted in a distressing process of confirmation of rights. In conclusion, it is submitted that the concept of multiple affiliation could help the harmonization of adopted children and teenagers past and future, preserving their identities and personalities.

En droit français, l’inamovibilité est traditionnellement conçue comme une garantie d’indépendance statutaire attribuée au magistrat du siège de l’ordre judiciaire, afin de le protéger contre le risque d’éviction arbitraire par le Pouvoir politique. Elle est ainsi supposée faire bénéficier le magistrat d’une protection exorbitante par rapport au droit commun de la fonction publique. Déjà considérée comme un « antique et tutélaire principe » au milieu du XIXe siècle, cette garantie a traversé le temps et les régimes politiques, depuis l’époque médiévale jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Erigée en Loi fondamentale du royaume à la veille de la Révolution, elle a été reprise et consacrée par la presque totalité des Constitutions qui se sont succédées depuis 1791. Mais alors qu’elle semble offrir l’image d’un modèle de garantie susceptible d’inspirer le statut d’autres catégories d’agents publics, l’inamovibilité est de manière paradoxale, souvent décrite comme un « mythe ». La présente étude se donne dès lors pour objet de lever cette contradiction, en revenant de manière approfondie et comparative sur la condition et la finalité d’une garantie d’éviction, dont la particularité est d’être étroitement liée à la mission régalienne consistant à rendre la justice. / In French Law, irremovability is traditionally seen as a statutory guarantee of judicial judges’ independence that protects them from being arbitrary evicted by the Political power. Irremovability is then said to be a dispensatory status if compared to public servants normal one. Defined as an « ancient and tutelary principle » at the middle of the 19th Century, this guarantee ran through the ages and the political regimes from medieval times to today. Irremovability of judges was made a Kingdom’s fundamental Law just before the Revolution, and almost every constitution adopted since 1791 has made it a constitutionally sanctioned rule. In the meantime, whereas it could have been seen as a template for other civil servants legal status, irremovability of judges is, paradoxically enough, often described as a « myth ». This study’s aim is thus to solve this contradiction. It offers an in-depth and comparative analysis of the condition and goal of this legal guarantee against eviction – which distinctive feature is to be closely linked with one of the State’s main function: to administer Justice.