Several basic papers have been written by students at the Institute of Islamic Studies dealing with political-religious movements in Indonesia during the twentieth century. This study of the Persatuan (abbreviated Persis) is not intended to take issue with these studies, but rather to supplement them and provide a fuller picture of Indonesian Islam in the twentieth century. [...]

The operative term in the title is "Wakuff'. It is an Arabic term, commonly used in the Muslim World, with pious implications deep-rooted in the sacred texts. (The Holy Qur'an and the Hadith). A Wakuff is an endowment in perpetuity. The Hajee Ahmed Mahomed Lockhat Wakuff was created in 1933 (in Durban, South Africa). The objective of the Wakuff, as stated by the founder, the late Hajee Ahmed Mahomed Lockhat, was to "Create a fund for charitable, educational and religious purposes in the Union of South Africa....." The purpose of this thesis is to examine the role of the Hajee Ahmed Mahomed Lockhat Wakuff in the promotion of Arabic / Islamic Studies. Thus the various learning institutions funded by the Wakuff are identified as well as those institutions that have received assistance directly from the Wakuff, or under the auspices of Islamic Educational Organisation of Southern Africa (IEOSA), the "nerve-centre" of the Islamic educational activities of the Wakuff. In the discussion, the involvement of the Wakuff in the promotion of Arabic / Islamic Studies at the international level is also examined. The South African Muslim community has its own unique social, economic and cultural milieu and the objectives of the Hajee Ahmed Mahomed Lockhat Wakuff have ensured that its' activities are interwoven with the entire religious life and the social economy of Muslims. / Thesis (M.A) - University of Durban-Westville, 2004.

Gharar (excessive risk or uncertainty) is prohibited in Islam and its presence in financial contracts makes these contracts null and void. The prohibition of gharar can also extend to investing in stocks. Very few studies have investigated how gharar affects stocks in investing. Consequently, very few studies suggest tactics and strategies that can be employed for gharar reduction in the case of stock investing. The thesis attempts to investigate the topic of gharar in terms of stock investing. The thesis is far from developing a theory of gharar in terms of stock investing, however it is an attempt to establish the foundation for rationalising and understanding gharar in terms of stock investing. For this purpose, the thesis employs qualitative analysis, and depends on different types of secondary sources of information. The thesis extensively interprets and presents findings, and analyses the data derived from scholarly writings on the topic of gharar, which can be found in journal articles, books and several conference papers. The thesis also examines a sample of the screening criteria of Islamic Equity Funds (IEFs), since it is the only indicator explaining the guidelines Muslims pursue when tending to invest in stocks. In this regard, the sampling strategy employed is Critical Case Sampling. The thesis examined all Islamic Equity Indexes and a number of the major Islamic Equity Funds. It has been found that the screening criteria of Islamic Equity Funds is limited to two matters: (1) excluding firms that are associated with impermissible activities and operations e.g. financial services firms and casinos, and (2) excluding firms highly involved with interest-rate based transactions. Despite the fact that screening criteria of Islamic Equity funds are supposed to be strictly derived from the basic tenets of Islamic law, thus far, gharar is excluded from these screens. For the purpose of incorporating gharar into the screening criteria of Islamic Equity Funds, the thesis first suggests a definition of gharar in terms of stock investing, which is based on the commonalties found in the different interpretations of Muslim scholars of gharar. Muslims need to focus on avoidable (controllable) risk in a proper manner, and attempt not to rely on pure chance in achieving the desired profit or return. Secondly, the thesis suggests a number of conventional strategies for risk reduction that can be successfully used for gharar reduction. Thirdly, the thesis explores the different conventional stock valuation models e.g. Value Investing, Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) and Derivatives. It has been observed that the different types of derivatives in Islam are prohibited for several reasons. Several tactics and ratios derived from Value Investing and MPT can be successfully used to for gharar reduction purposes. In regards to Value Investing, the following ratios and tactics can be used for gharar reduction: different Multiple ratios, long-term investing, intrinsic value and fundamental analysis. Two main issues can be beneficially derived from MPT: the portfolio approach and beta ratio. However, note that several modifications have been performed on these suggested ratios and tactics in order to comply with the basic tenets of Islamic contract law. Last but not the least, both the Value Investing and MPT fall short of assessing any non-financial but nevertheless fundamental activities of the firm.

Science and Islam. Interest in this subject by mainly Muslim contemporary writers, is evident from the amount of literature seeking to link scientific phenomena to Islam. While the trend to relate scientific facts to Quran, Hadith and related Islamic texts is confirmed by the amount of literature cited, whether or not there has been such an approach by scientists in the history of Muslim civilisation is the question this thesis seeks to answer. Historical contribution to science by scientists within the domain of Muslim civilisation is well recognised. Although the vital role played by Muslim civilisation in the transmission of ancient science, especially that of the Greek, to mediaeval Europe is generally acknowledged, the exact role of Islam as a religion in this scientific development is not clear. This thesis explores an aspect of the history of Muslim civilisation which may contribute to elucidate the role of Islam in Muslim science.

Thesis (M.Phil.) - University of St Andrews, January 2007.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Radboud University Nijmegen, 2007. / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 304-343).

Mémoire (M.E.S.R.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1998. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Contient la trad. en allemand d'extraits de textes persans : " Wilāyat-i Faqīh - islamische Regierung " / Rūh Allah Homeyni. " Islam und Eigentum im Vergleich mit dem westlichen Wirtschaftsordnungen " / Mahmud Talegani. " Die Islamkunde, Abschnitt : Der Entwurf einer Schule " / Dr. Ali S̕ariati. - Diss. : Philosophische Fakultät : Augsoburg : 1982. - Bibliogr. p. 139-145. -

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1998. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1998. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.