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Inaug.-Diss.--Leipzig. / Vita.

The purpose of the study was to clarify the definition and to determine the proper application of Islamic jihad. Jihad, a primary facet of the religion of Islam, has often been translated as "holy war". In the study, jihad was translated as "struggle in the cause of Allah".To obtain a clarification regarding the original definition of Islamic Jihad, the fundamental sources of Islamic belief, the Qur'an and the Sunnah, were examined. Study of the Qur'an and the Sunnah provided a fundamental outline of the basic rules and regulations regarding the concept of jihad.To obtain a further understanding of the implementation of proper practices in jihad, instances of jihad during the life of Muhammad were examined. Included were the Meccan period, when military jihad had not yet been instituted, and the Medinan period. Military campaigns and diplomatic missions under the leadership of Muhammad were examined. From specific examples of personal, military and diplomatic jihad, general principles were derived.Examination of twentieth-century Islamic thought regarding Jihad indicated that the contemporary manifestation of Islamic Jihad has been rooted in the philosophy of Islamic revivalism. According to twentieth-century Islamic revivalism, the religion of Islam should be regarded as a timeless body of principles which pertain to the daily concerns of government and society. Jihad has been indicated as the tool for achieving the implementation of basic Islamic principles. The arena for Islamic struggle, i.e. jihad, may be the battlefield, the legislature or the printed page.Specific examples of jihad in the twentieth-century were examined. Examples included in the study were: the establishment of Pakistan; the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran; the Islamic revivalist movement in Egypt; and the Islamic rebellion against the Soviet presence in Afghanistan. The Islamic struggle in Pakistan was found to be the least successful, and the Islamic struggle in Afghanistan was found to be the most successful, of the examples of contemporary jihad.The study will be significant in providing a comprehensive model of the proper conduct of Islamic jihad. The study will also clarify misconceptions regarding the concept and practice of Islamic jihad.

This essay is about how islam is illustrated in textbooks of History in Sweden during 1980-s and first decade in 2000.  This study does not aim to give all answers about those tendencies, but it will lift up and discuss this issues. The essay has two questions to answers. They are: 1-      How does textbooks from 1980-s and 2000-s illustrate Islam? 2-      Do we see any tendencies of Orientalism in textbooks? The most focus in this study will be in first question, because this question is more open and need more empirical material to answer. The second question is more specific and has to do with first questions results.   The first part of off essays investigation has to do with description of what textbooks writtes about Islam. After this I will compare and analyze what differences they are between textbooks from 1980-s and first decade of 2000-s. The last chapter of essay will summarize conclusions that came from results of investigation.   English title: Islam in Swedish schoolbooks of History

Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009. / Thesis Advisor(s): Hafez, Mohammed M. Second Reader: Lee, Doowan. "December 2009." Author(s) subject terms: Algerian radical group evolution from the FIS to the GIA, the GSPC then to the AQIM; AQIM origin and strategy; Links between AQIM and North African radical groups; GICM: The Moroccan Islamic Combat Group; LIFG: the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group; MTI: The Islamic Tendency Movement; Terrorism is North Africa. Description based on title screen as viewed on Jan. 26, 2010. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-84). Also available in print.

Thesis (doctoral)--Jāmiʻat al-Azhar. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 435-444) and index.