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Extensive community-based sampling and single-species genetic analysis were used to study factors driving stream invertebrate community assembly on islands. Macroinvertebrates and physicochemistry were surveyed in forty-two streams on La Palma, La Gomera, Tenerife and Madeira (Macaronesia). Island faunal relationships and the role of the stream and catchment environment in determining community composition were investigated with multivariate analyses; assemblage nestedness and species richness, occupancy and abundance were also examined. The relationship between genetic differentiation and range size was tested using allozyme variation in selected species. Island species pools differed in community composition and species richness (total, and endemic), broadly as predicted by theory of island biogeography. Stream and island species richness were correlated, showing unsaturated, possibly dispersal-limited, communities, and stream faunas were nested, evidence that assemblages were not random (e.g. only generalist/dispersive taxa occur at species-poor sites). Endemics occurred in more streams than non-endemics, suggesting greater habitat availability for the former, but similar niche width, endemic and non-endemics having similar local abundance. Species richness, community composition and the abundances of individual species were correlated with stream physicochemistry, itself reflecting geology, rainfall, altitudinal zonation of vegetation and the intensity of stream exploitation. Allozyme variation was surveyed in Mesophylax aspersus (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) and Wormaldia tagananana (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae), respectively having widespread and localised distributions. Population structure supported the hypothesis that range size is, at least partly, limited by poor dispersal ability in W tagananana. Genetic variation in Ancylus striatus (Gastropoda: Ancylidae) was typical of polyploidy and selffertilisation/ parthenogenesis. Breeding system has consequences for a species' colonisation ability, and may partially explain the wide distribution of A. striatus within the islands. Variation in community composition reflected patterns at a range of scales. Biogeography detennined the island species pooL whilst local physicochemistry determined richness and community composition within islands. Species characteristics that affect their colonisation and c:\tinction probabilities (e.g. habitat selection at the local- and mesoscaks, dispersal patterns and breeding system). influence hoth the local and regional species pools.

The study of urban geography has received increasing attention in recent years both in this country and overseas. Its content and method have been recently surveyed, and a considerable amount of research on these lines has been done here in New Zealand. Within this field the geography of ports forms a distinct branch for study since ports themselves are a specialised part of some urban areas. Indeed, over the past few years there has developed an extensive geographical literature dealing with ports. This field, which could be termed 'port geography' has attracted some interest in New Zealand as a subject for research; but in the past, studies of ports have been limited to examinations of individual ports, groups of ports, or one aspect of ports. This present study, however , has been made upon broader lines. It is an attempt to describe, analyse, and compare the most important aspects of the contemporary character of the South Island seaports. It is suggested that the character of a port is derived principally from the nature of its location, site, form or pattern, facilities, trade, hinterland and fishing. Since these are the most important features, they are analysed and described in turn in this thesis. This systematic approach was found necessary in order that significant comparisons and contrasts - which is the essence of geography - might be drawn between the ports. The problem can be expressed in the question: "In what ways do the characters of the South Island seaports differ one from another?" "A port is a place equipped to facilitate the necessary relations between ships as the agencies of sea transport and the land," and provides "terminal facilities and services for ships, and transfer facilities and services for ships, and transfer facilities and services for waterbourne goods and/or passengers." In these general terms there are many places in the South Island of New Zealand which could be considered as ports. However, only those South Island seaports which make returns to the New Zealand Census and Statistics Department have been included in this study; namely , the ports of Waitapu, Motueka, Nelson, Picton, Wairu, Lyttelton, Timaru, Oamaru, Otago, Bluff, Greymouth and Westport. This thesis is based both on fieldwork carried out by the writer during 1953 and the early months of 1954, and on an examination of statistical and other material drawn from a wide variety of sources in Wellington and in South Island centres. All the ports included in the survey were visited in the course of the fieldwork. Section by section land utilisation surveys were made of the port vicinities of the thirteen largest ports from aerial photographs in Head Office, Lands & Survey Department, Wellington, and from actual field investigations. A large number of people were interviewed at the ports and in the towns of their tributary regions. The statistics used in this study have been related as closely as possible to the calendar year 1952 and have been presented in the form of maps, cartograms, and graphs, rather than in a series of tables. The analysis of these diagrams provides the comparative data on which three of the eight chapters are based. Since the majority of the maps have been compiled from numerous sources they have been annotated separately in AppendiX A. All photographs, except those whi ch have been otherwise acknowledged, were taken by the author. All maps and diagrams were also compiled and drawn by the author. A list of the works consulted in the preparation of this thesis are contained in the bibliography.

Thesis (MA (Hons))--Macquarie University, School of English Studies, 1972. / Bibliography: leaves 353-358. / The subject of this thesis is Broad Norfolk, which refers to that variety of speech used for communication between Norfolk Islanders in informal social situations. Previous research on the language has been mainly limited to lexical observations. This study covers a considerably wider area of investigation, viz. description of the phonology and grammatical structure of Norfolk and an assessment of the historical affiliations of its main features. ... The analysis of Norfolk phonology is based on impressionistic evidence, with support from an acoustic study of vocalic nuclei. The statistical values of stressed vowels are compared with those of Cultivated Australian. The quality of weakly stressed vowels and Norfolk consonants is also considered. Study of prosodic phenomena, such as syllabication, stress and reduplication habits is restricted to what was required by the description of Norfolk vowels. ... Definition of the Word Classes of Norfolk precedes the formal description of its grammar. Since Norfolk expresses its grammatical relationships by syntax rather than morphology, the determination of Word Classes reveals the basic level of its grammar. This section also permits comment on important idiomatic features of the language. In the formal treatment of structures, Independent and Dependent Clauses, Phrases and Word level constructions are described according to tagmemic procedures. / The historical section of the thesis begins with a linguistic history of Pitcairn and Norfolk Islands; it estimates which individuals, attitudes and events most influenced the character of their languages. This chapter discusses such related subjects as the reason for Pitcairnese and Norfolk remaining so stable throughout their history, the probable circumstances under which Pitcairnese developed, and the relationship between Norfolk and creole languages. ... Historical connections are then shown more precisely through description of the development of English and Tahitian vowels and consonants in Norfolk, and through relation of English dialects, Tahitian and creole languages to the structural features of Norfolk. ... The Glossary serves as as illustration and extension of the sections preceding it. It contains all Norfolk vocabulary forms and meanings which are known to the author but which do not exist in Standard English; etymological comment is included for most items. Part of the function of the Glossary is to show, in summary, those forms which are local innovations and those which have been preserved from eighteenth century British dialects and Ancient Tahitian. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / 358 leaves ill

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New South Wales, 2005. / Also available online.

Exegesis (MA--Art and Design) -- Auckland University of Technology, 2005. / Also held in print (58 leaves, col. ill., 30 cm.) in Wellesley Theses Collection. (T 779.0993 WAK)

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- James Cook University, 2003. / Typescript (photocopy). Bibliography: leaves 236-253.

Diss. Lund : Lunds universitet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Simon Fraser University, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 351-374).

Thesis (MFA)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2009. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Ronald Tobias. Restoring Eden is a DVD accompanying the thesis. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 27-29).