Diss.--Wien--Universität, 1987. / Notes bibliogr. Index.

Après la conquête de Constantinople en 1453, la nécessité de recueillir des informations mises à jour sur la ville et ses nouveaux dirigeants est devenue une nécessité. Non seulement la documentation disponible sur les Turcs était obsolète, les Ottomans eux-mêmes étaient différents de la dynastie Seldjouqide rencontrée pendant les Croisades. Européens et asiatiques, musulmans et chrétiens, turcs et grecs, cerner la société ottomane était une tâche ardue qui demandait un fin observateur. Les Ottomans étaient impliqués dans presque toutes les affaires européennes et méditerranéennes, soit par la formation d'alliances, des déclarations de guerre, la création d’états vassaux ou l'établissement de routes commerciales. Le Saint Empire, la France et les villes italiennes furent parmi les premiers à envoyer des émissaires à Constantinople. Les récits des voyageurs offrent une variété de témoignages de première main sur la manière dont la capitale de l'Empire ottoman était régie des activités de la vie quotidienne jusqu’à la vision politique du sultan. L'identité du voyageur joue un rôle important dans la détermination du contenu de son rapport. Un ambassadeur, un espion, voit les choses différemment d'un marchand ou d'un moine. La perception de la réalité ottomane elle-même évolue du début à la fin du séjour. La représentation du Turc moyen, du sultan, des Grecs et d'autres minorités à Constantinople donne un aperçu de la représentation sociale et politique de soi et de l’autre en Europe pendant la Renaissance. Les comparaisons fréquentes avec l'Empire romain montrent que, étonnement, les Ottomans héritent de certaines caractéristiques qui expliquent leur âge d'or avec Mehmet le Conquérant et Suleyman le Magnifique. Le résultat du croisement des récits conduit à la conclusion inattendue que non seulement Constantinople devenait Istanbul, mais elle renouait avec ses racines romaines. / After Constantinople’s conquest in 1453, the need to gather updated information on the city under its new rulers became a necessity. Not only the available documentation on the Turks was obsolete, the Ottomans themselves were different from the Seljuk dynasty encountered during the Crusades. Both Asian and European, Muslim and Christian, Turks and Greeks, defining the Ottoman society was a hard task that needed a journey and a shrewd observer. The Ottomans were involved in almost all the European and Mediterranean affairs whether through forming alliances, waging wars, creating puppet states or establishing trade routes. The Holy Roman Empire, France and the Italian city states were among the first to send emissaries to Constantinople. The reports gathered by the travelers offer a variety of first-hand eye witnesses of how the capital of the Ottoman Empire is ruled from daily life activities to the political vision of the sultan. The identity of the traveler plays a great role in determining the content of his report. An ambassador, a spy see things differently from a merchant or a monk. The perception of the Ottoman reality itself evolves from the beginning of the journey to its end. The representation of the average Turk, the sultan, the Greeks and other minorities in Constantinople gives a great insight about the social and political representation of self and others in Europe during the Renaissance. The frequent comparisons with the Roman Empire shows that, surprisingly, the Ottomans are inheriting some characteristics that explain their golden age with Mehmed the Conqueror and Suleiman the Magnificent. The result of crossing the traveler’s accounts leads to the unexpected conclusion that not only Constantinople is becoming Istanbul, it is reclaiming its Roman roots.

Seismic design, analysis and retrofitting of structures demand an intensive assessment of potential ground motions in seismically active regions. Peak ground motions and frequency content of seismic excitations effectively influence the behavior of structures. In regions of sparse ground motion records, ground-motion simulations provide the synthetic seismic records, which not only provide insight into the mechanisms of earthquakes but also help in improving some aspects of earthquake engineering. Broadband ground-motion simulation methods typically utilize physics-based modeling of source and path effects at low frequencies coupled with high frequency semi-stochastic methods. I apply the hybrid simulation method by Mai et al. (2010) to model several scenario earthquakes in the Marmara Sea, an area of high seismic hazard. Simulated ground motions were generated at 75 stations using systematically calibrated model parameters. The region-specific source, path and site model parameters were calibrated by simulating a Mw4.1 Marmara Sea earthquake that occurred on November 16, 2015 on the fault segment in the vicinity of Istanbul. The calibrated parameters were then used to simulate the scenario earthquakes with magnitudes Mw6.0, Mw6.25, Mw6.5 and Mw6.75 over the Marmara Sea fault. Effects of fault geometry, hypocenter location, slip distribution and rupture propagation were thoroughly studied to understand variability in ground motions. A rigorous analysis of waveforms reveal that these parameters are critical for determining the behavior of ground motions especially in the near-field. Comparison of simulated ground motion intensities with ground-motion prediction quations indicates the need of development of the region-specific ground-motion prediction equation for Istanbul area. Peak ground motion maps are presented to illustrate the shaking in the Istanbul area due to the scenario earthquakes. The southern part of Istanbul including Princes Islands show high amplitudes of shaking. The study serves as a step towards dynamic risk quantification for the Istanbul area that integrates physics based ground-motion simulations into an innovative dynamic exposure model to quantify risk.

Gestaltning av ett nytt kulturhus i Istanbul. De självständiga volymer som utgör kulturhusets permanenta program binds samman av en takstruktur, under vilken programmet är föränderligt och stadens myller och mångfald tillåts ta plats.

Le han est un type architectural lié au commerce et au logement qui s’est développé dans l’ensemble du monde islamique. Le han traditionnel présente un plan à cour intérieure bordée d’un portique à l’arrière duquel sont disposées les cellules. A Istanbul, ce type d’édifice s’est surtout développé dans le quartier commerçant principal de la péninsule historique et dans le Grand Bazar. Son évolution a suivi celle de la ville. Cette étude se concentre sur les han construits entre le début du XVIIIe s. et le milieu du XIXe s. Durant cette période, les échanges entre l’Empire ottoman et l’Occident s’intensifient. En architecture, l’influence occidentale se manifeste d’abord dans le décor puis dans la typologie, tendance observée également dans les han. Par ailleurs, d’autres transformations, liées cette fois-ci à l’évolution interne de l’architecture ottomane, y sont perceptibles. Enfin, le modèle architectural du han traditionnel se transforme peu à peu et à partir du milieu du XIXe s. apparaît un type de han proche de modèles occidentaux. Les divers remaniements dans la ville d’Istanbul, notamment ceux qui ont suivi incendies et tremblements de terre, ont eu pour conséquence la disparition de nombreux han ou leur réfection. L’exploitation d’une documentation très variée (sources d’archives ottomanes, documents graphiques anciens, relevés, plans de restitutions, photographies et autres) et le croisement des différentes données permettent de combler certaines lacunes relatives à la commande, à la construction, aux réparations, aux diverses transformations ainsi qu’aux fonctions des han. / The han is an architectural structure related to trade and housing which developed throughout the Islamic world. The traditional han consisted of an inner courtyard surrounded by a portico that gave access to rooms. In Istanbul, this kind of buildings is mostly located in the main commercial area of the historical peninsula and in the Grand Bazaar. The evolution of the han is linked to the development of the city. This study focuses on the han built between the early 18th century and the mid 19th century. During this period, there was an increasing exchange between the Ottoman and Western worlds. In the field of architecture, the western influence was at first noticed in the decorative elements and later in the architectural typology, a trend that is also valid for the han. In addition, one can observe further changes linked to the evolution of the ottoman architecture itself. Consequently, the architectural model of the traditional han gradually changed through time and by the middle of the 19th century, a type of han very similar to western buildings could be seen. Various changes in the cityscape of Istanbul, particularly after great fires and earthquakes led to the disappearance or restructuring of many han. This work is based on research of a wide range of documents (Ottoman archival documents, historical graphics, plans, restoration projects, photographs etc.) and the cross examination of these data made it possible to find unedited informations concerning patrons, original constructions, repairs, various transformations as well as the uses of the han.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisor: Ian R. Manners. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available from UMI.

This dissertation investigates the changes in the legal, economic and political status as well as the topographical location of the monasteries in Constantinople between the fourth and the ninth centuries. Roughly from the late fourth up until the end of the sixth century, there was a gradual increase in the number of monasteries. This trend was counterweighted by almost complete silence in the sources throughout the seventh and the eighth centuries. The ninth century, however, constituted a return to the trend of the early centuries. Monks and monasteries "returned" to the city with a vengeance. This "return" was inevitably linked to the prevailing conditions during the previous centuries marked by, first, the final decline of the late Roman world and its institutions, and second, the Iconoclast controversy in Byzantium between the early eighth and the mid-ninth centuries. Overall, following primarily the evidence preserved in the vitae and the acts of the councils, one can conclude that, by the end of the ninth century, the integration of the monks into Byzantine society was complete. The monasteries had become an integral part of Constantinople and its Christian topography.

in English The idea of gated communities was coined in the USA in 1970s and was a result of the post-modern period and suburbanization. During modernization, cities had gone through social, cultural, political, and economical revisions. Consequently, business and residential areas in the city continued to evolve and create new forms. Following this period gated communities offered new understanding of life, security, relations, and status. Subsequently, the phenomenon has rapidly spread all around the world after the 1980s. Istanbul was introduced to the idea of gated communities in 1980s as a result of globalization by following a new vision of a Global City. Being the historical, cultural, and economic center of Turkey, Istanbul holds a great value in terms of social and economical investments. Following the international neoliberal economic trends, Istanbul has attracted many investors and a large labor force. Consequently, the rising demand of housing and business areas invigorated the real estate market in Istanbul, and gated communities were seen as a modern way of housing. As a result, a variety of gated communities were built in Istanbul to meet this new demand. In this research, the social and cultural reasons for livıng in the gated communities and their impacts towards to its residents...

This dissertation offers a critical examination of the Mangana Quarter in Byzantine Constantinople, which was renowned for the Mangana Complex consisting of an imperial monastery and a palace commissioned by Constantine IX Monomachos (reigned 1042–1055), through an archaeological perspective. The Quarter was situated on the eastern slopes of the Acropolis of Byzantion and today is concealed by the gardens of the Topkapı Palace in Sarayburnu. The area remains one of the least-explored urban districts in Istanbul, thus a void in current scholarship on the historical topography and archaeology of Byzantine Constantinople. To this date, the only large-scale archaeological fieldwork in the area was conducted by Robert Demangel and Ernest Mamboury between 1921 and 1923. However, the findings of this excavation have been found problematic, especially with respect to the identifications, architectural chronology and functions with regard to the architectural complexes of the Mangana Quarter, such as the Hodegon monastery, the Mangana Gate and the Church of Christ the Savior. This dissertation revisits the textual and archaeological evidence on the Mangana Quarter and resituates it within a broader historical context of the urbanism of the acropolis and city of Constantinople. In doing so, it offers a fresh perspective about the Byzantine monuments of Sarayburnu drawing on new archaeological evidence. As such, the dissertation presents the first comprehensive analysis of the Mangana Complex and its place within the monastic and palatial architecture of the Middle Byzantine period. Archaeology is given a particular emphasis, and new discoveries from Sarayburnu are examined with the sight of deconstructing the Byzantine-period building complexes of the Mangana Quarter. The dissertation reaches three main conclusions that offer new insights into the archaeology of Byzantine Constantinople, as well as the history of Byzantine archaeology in Turkey. First, through a thorough analysis of Ottoman Turkish, French and Turkish archival documents, the dissertation yields significant insights about the history of the previous fieldwork in Sarayburnu both conducted by the French Army during the occupation of Istanbul after World War I -a period entirely overlooked in previous scholarship- and by the Istanbul Archaeological Museums. Secondly, the new archaeological evidence from the Mangana Complex, analyzed for the first time in this dissertation, challenges previously held architectural chronologies and interpretations, and suggests alternative locations particularly for the Mangana Palace and the Mangana katholikon. Lastly, on the basis of this critical reading of the archaeology of the Mangana Complex, the dissertation reconsiders the architectural history of the church of St. George Tropaiophoros and its alleged pivotal role in manifesting cross-cultural interactions between the Caucassian and Byzantine lands.

This project aims to analyze the existing context and propose a strategy to revitalize Fener and Balat, which are two historic districts in Istanbul. During the past two centuries, economic changes, modernization movements and new planning strategies throughout the country have given the city a new shape. Individual buildings, streets, and entire sub-districts exist in various stages of disrepair. But today, Fener and Balat still preserve their distinctive character in their historic major structures, as well as historic commercial and residential districts. This unique character can be seen the districts' assets which are documented in this project along with the many liabilities. This revitalization project focuses on restoring and preserving the human-scaled buildings and pedestrian oriented streets, while creating cultural and tourist-oriented facilities to help economically revitalize the neighborhood. This project serves as a prototype for the revitalization of other historic neighborhoods in Istanbul and other historic Turkish cities. / Department of Architecture