During the 1980s and 1990s, the world witnessed a radical change in which globalization diminished the power of the nation-state and shifted that impetus to a certain number of “Global Cities.” London, New York and Tokyo appeared to be the first of these cities and they acted as the heart of the new commercial and financial geography. In order to further strengthen their status, these cities organized transnational cultural events such as fairs, festivals and biennials.  Those events have been assumed as a driving force behind other political, economic and financial activities in the era of globalization. Since the 1980s, Istanbul has emerged as a candidate for a new global city at the eastern frontier of Europe. Thus, with the encouragement of the government, the private sector has begun to organize several large-scale cultural events in order to reshape the city as a global city and re-present the nation with a more European outlook. This is in keeping with the desire to facilitate Turkey’s EU accession process and attract global commercial activities. The Istanbul Biennial is one of the most important of these cultural initiatives. Thus, this research will scrutinize the Istanbul Biennial within this framework. The main premise will be: “The organization of the Istanbul Biennial aims to attract global financial activities, enable the political aspirations of the city and therefore transform the city into a global one.”

Thesis (M. Div.)--St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, 1977. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-118).

Zugl.: Karlsruhe, Univ., Diss., 2009

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nebraska--Lincoln. / English and Ladino. "Komo nasio Elia Karmona: a transliterated and annotated edition of Carmona's autobiography": v. 1, leaves 264-356. Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 571-626).

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第19853号 / 情博第604号 / 新制||情||105(附属図書館) / 32889 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 守屋 和幸, 教授 大手 信人, 教授 荒井 修亮 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

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L’Université de Galatasaray est une université publique jeune, dont les origines remontent au XVe siècle. Mais elle est avant tout une université francophone. Comment une université publique à la fois moderne et francophone s’inscrit dans une tradition d’enseignement séculaire ? C’est à cette question que répond cette étude.Héritière d’une tradition éducative qui commence avec le Mekteb-I Sultani, l’actuel lycée de Galatasaray, l’université constitue le dernier maillon de l’institution Galatasaray. Il s’agit alors d’analyser les circonstances de sa création, son fonctionnement, sa place et son rôle en Turquie comme à l’international. Née avec l’appui de la Fondation d’éducation Galatasaray, une fondation privée créée au début des années 1980, l’université est l’aboutissement d’une coopération étroite entre la Turquie et la France, ouvrant ainsi une nouvelle page dans les relations bilatérales. Projet inhabituel, à l’heure où l’anglais occupe une place prépondérante dans le milieu scientifique et universitaire, les amoureux de la langue française ont réussi à braver les difficultés politiques, diplomatiques et financières pour mener à terme cette aventure inédite. Galatasaray est la preuve de l’existence d’une amitié solide entre la France et la Turquie, parfois fragilisée par les dissensions politiques entre les deux pays. Mais par-Dessus tout, elle est le fruit d’une politique francophone sans lien avec le passé impérial de la France. Installée sur les rives du Bosphore, l’université de Galatasaray fait partie aujourd’hui des établissements les plus prestigieux de Turquie. Atatürk disait du lycée de Galatasaray qu’il était « une fenêtre qui s’ouvre à l’Occident ». Il ne serait pas prétentieux de dire aujourd’hui que l’université de Galatasaray est quant à elle « une porte qui s’ouvre à l’Occident ». / Galatasaray University is a young state university, whose origins go back to the 15th century. But it is above all a French-Speaking university. How can a state university, which is both modern and French-Speaking, fit into an old traditional institution? This study will provide an answer to this question. Galatasaray University inherited an educational tradition which started with the Mekteb-I Sultani, the current Galatasaray high school. It is the last link in the chain of the Galatasaray institution. Let us then analyze the circumstances of its creation, how it works, its place and role in Turkey but also on the world-Wide scale.Born with the support of the Galatasaray Education Foundation, a private foundation created in the early 1980’s, the university is the outcome of a narrow cooperation between Turkey and France, thus opening a new chapter in the bilateral relations. It could be seen as an unusual project, at a time when English is prevailing in the scientific and academic circles: the lovers of the French language succeeded in overcoming the political, diplomatic and financial difficulties in order to carry this completely new adventure through. Galatasaray shows how strong friendship between France and Turkey is, although it has been sometimes weakened by some political disagreements between the two countries. But above all, it is the fruit of a French-Speaking politics which marked a break with the imperial past of France.Settled on the Bosphore bank , Galatasaray University is nowadays among the most prestigious institutions of Turkey. Atatürk would say about Galatasaray High School that it was “an open window towards the West”. It would not be pretentious today to say that Gatalasaray University is “an open door to the West”.

L'étude se focalise sur une période caractéristique de la fin de l'empire ottoman alors que l'administration urbaine était sujette à un processus de transformation d'une approche "traditionnelle" à une approche "moderne". De façon similaire, cette thèse se concentre sur une zone spécifique d'Istanbul marquée par l'étalement urbain de Pera, la partie occidentale de la ville. Le développement du "Secteur Nord de Pera" reposerait en grande partie sur l'évolution de l'administration urbaine qui a progressivement été mise en place autour d'une règlementation codifiée de l'ère Tanzimat. Comment l'étude de l'étalement urbain de Pera, en grande partie inhabité au milieu du 19ième siècle, révèlerait donc la matérialisation des "idéaux urbains" de l'État ottoman disposé à construire un système moderne d'administration urbaine et ce sous l'influence des minorités étrangère et non-musulmane toujours plus actives au sein de la vie socio-économique de la ville. Dans ce cadre, cette étude se concentre sur l'émergence et le développement du "Secteur Nord de Pera", à travers une analyse morphologique, en espérant clarifier les traits caractéristiques de la modernisation urbaine ottomane à travers ce domaine d'intérêt très spécifique. / This study concentrates on a distinctive period of the late ottoman era during which the urban administration was subject to a transformation process from a "traditional" approach into a "modern" one. Similarly, this thesis focuses on a distinctive zone of Istanbul representing the urban extension of Pera, the occidental part of the city. The development of "the Northern Sector of Pera" is expected to owe much to the evolution of the urban administration which was gradually being shaped around the codified regulations of the Tanzimat era. How then the study of the urban extension of Pera, largely uninhabited by the middle of the 19th century, would reflect the materialization of the "urban ideals" of the ottoman state who was willing to construct a modern system of urban administration and who was, doing this, under the influence of foreign and non-Muslim populations which were becoming more and more active on the socio-economic life of the city. In this framework, this study focuses on the emergence and development of "the Northern Sector of Pera" through a morphological analysis by hoping to shed light on the distinctive features of the ottoman urban modernization by this very specific field of interest.

This research is focused on understanding the ways in which the community orientation of the Kazak ethnic community in Istanbul, Turkey have contributed to their economic success which in turn encourages strong community, and the nature of their community-based support networks for providing material and cultural support. It examines the role of social capital and cohesion in maintaining the community with its positive implications for the continued building of wealth or sourcing of funding on a community level. The theoretical concepts relevant to this project are based on the ideas that the shared values of a community are a positive force that allow communities to achieve common goals and is particularly important in the context of an economy that favors cheap labor and a highly mobile workforce, both factors that negatively affect the asset building and place-based rootedness that communities require for their stability. Key community entrepreneurs and leaders were the main sources of information for this research. The findings of this thesis suggest that it is a combination of factors such as the failure of the community to maintain its stable economic position through unfortunate business practices and choices coupled with external market forces that slowed this community economic development and disabled its continued growth.