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This paper looks at the agrarian economy of Italy in the middle Republican period, specifically between 202 and 103 BC. I am concerned primarily with how land was utilized and by whom it was exploited during this pivotal time, and with the interaction between rural and urbans pace in the Italian economy. Scholarship on Roman agriculture has largely been, unfortunately, polarized between 'historians' and 'archaeologists,' between a slave-production, latifundia model on the one hand and a focus on micro-regional variation on the other. This staunch division is quite frustrating, as there has been far too little dialogue between the two sides and since the schism works to the detriment of both, for each discipline can, I believe, inform the other to give a more complete picture of ancient life than either one in isolation. It is my intention with this paper, then, to bring an interdisciplinary approach to the study of Roman agriculture, to discover whether any union can be made between these two conflicting models of land use in the second century BC. My research is concentrated on a few areas of south-central Italy, namely south Etruria, especially the ager Cosanus, Pompeii, and parts of the Biferno Valley, as these areas are the richest in terms of available evidence, including the literary, epigraphic, and archaeological sources, and I believe offer the most intriguing possibilities for analysis. Using all of these tools I explore the labour used in agricultural production in these areas, the function of urban space and the preponderance of trade and exchange, and, lastly, look at the inter-regional situation trying to discern whether any 'global' agricultural program for Roman Italy emerges. / Arts, Faculty of / Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, Department of / Graduate

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Italian ryegrass is a problematic weed in Mississippi corn production due to the development and proliferation of glyphosate resistance. Studies were conducted to assess Italian ryegrass control prior to planting using herbicides. Effects of fall and spring applied burndown herbicide applications for Italian ryegrass control and subsequent corn grain yield were investigated at the R.R. Foil PSRC in Starkville, MS, at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Newton, MS, and the Black Belt Experiment Station in Brooksville, MS on soil textures ranging from sandy loam to silt clay loam. A fall preemergence (PRE) application of S-metolachlor + metribuzin followed by paraquat in the spring provided 99% Italian ryegrass control 28 days after paraquat application. Four spring burndown treatments provided Italian ryegrass control similar to that observed following application of the fall PRE application followed by paraquat in the spring. Applications clethodim + glufosinate + paraquat + dimethenamid-P; clethodim + glufosinate + paraquat + S-metolachlor; clethodim + paraquat + dimethenamid-P; and clethodim + oxyfluorfen + paraquat + S-metolachlor resulted in similar levels of Italian ryegrass control at 96%, 98%, 94%, and 99%, respectively. Corn yield following the fall PRE followed by spring paraquat application was 10,687 kg ha-1. Corn yield following clethodim + paraquat + dimethenamid-P as well as clethodim + oxyfluorfen + paraquat + S-metolachlor applied in the spring resulted in similar corn grain yield to that following the fall PRE followed by spring paraquat application at 9,649 kg ha-1 and 9,567 kg ha-1, respectively. Spring burndown herbicide treatments could be used to control Italian ryegrass while producing similar corn yield to the standard fall herbicide followed by paraquat application in the spring.