A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology. Thesis, 2005. / In symptomatic sacroiliac syndrome, nociceptors located within the capsule and ligaments of the sacroiliac joint are said to be activated which in turn act on inhibitory interneurons that synapse with the motor neuron pool of the muscles of that joint (muscles responsible for hip flexion, extension, abduction and adduction fall within the sacroiliac motor neuron pool). These inhibitory interneurons relay information that decreases the recruitment ability of that motor neuron pool. This is termed Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) and it has been stated that the number of motor units innervating a muscle relates positively to the strength of that muscle and hence may have an effect on the functional ability of that muscle. However, it has been proposed that spinal manipulation activates mechanoreceptors (Wyke receptors) from structures in and around the manipulated joint causing changes in motor neuron excitability through the altered afferent input and thereby causing an increase in motor neuron recruitment and a decrease in AMI. Furthermore, it has been found that sacroiliac joint problems have often been related to reduced or asymmetric range of motion (ROM) of the hip and / or lack of proprioceptive ability in the ipsilateral limb. In light of the above, manipulation has been found to cause a re-establishment of normal muscle tone and joint kinematics, therefore relaxing the muscles in that area and restoring normal ROM of the involved joint. This study presents the results of sacroiliac manipulation on objective hip measures (including peak torques, ROM and proprioception). / M

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2003. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Myofascial Trigger Points of the quadriceps femoris muscle in the clinical presentation of Patellofemoral Pain syndrome. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome according to current literature suggests an extensor mechanism dysfunction as the most probable etiology, however this syndrome has posed many unsolved mysteries and challenges to the medical community and remains a difficult condition to treat. Myofascial pain syndrome in contrast to this is a regional muscular disorder that results from myofascial trigger points within the muscle. The presence of these trigger points could result in anterior knee pain, imbalance of the extensor mechanism and instability of the patellofemoral joint, which could present as a Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. / M

A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at Technikon Natal, 1999. / The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of patella mobilization in patients suffering from patellofemoral pain syndrome, This was a prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, pilot study, Group A received patella mobilization, while Group B, the placebo group, received detuned ultrasound, The study involved 30 subjects, 15 in each group selected from the general population, Each subject was treated eight times within a four week period, however if they became asymptomatic prior to their eighth treatment the subjective and objective data normally collected on the eighth treatment was collected on their last consultation, patients were required to return for a one month follow-up from the date of their last consultation, Each subject was assessed by means of the short-form Mc Gill Pain Questionnaire, Numerical Pain Questionnaire and the Patient-Specific Functional Scale, Objectively their pressure-pain threshold and tolerance was assessed by means of an algometer, Assessments were taken at the first, eighth, and follow-up consultation for all the subjective and objective measurements, Algometer readings were also obtained at the fourth consultation, the pressure was applied at approximately one kilogram per centimeter squared per second, Excessively high or low readings were retaken, Statistical analysis was completed under the guidance of the statistician at Technikon, Natal, using the non-parametric Wilcoxon sign-rank test and the Mann- Whitney unpaired test comparing intra-group and inter-group data respectfully, / M

A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2004. / Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) is the reflex inhibition of the muscles that surround an injured joint in consequence to disturbed afferent feedback originating from the receptors of that joint. The resultant altered afferent innervation of the motor neuron pool leads to a decrease in recruitment ability within the motor neuron pool, a decrease in contraction force of the muscles that fall within the motor neuron pool, and hence the clinical manifestation of AMI as a decrease in muscle strength. Spinal manipulation has been proposed to activate mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors within and around the manipulated joint. The altered afferent input arising from their stimulation is thought to cause changes in motor neuron excitability. In this respect, sacroiliac manipulation has been shown to effectively reduce muscle inhibition and increase muscle strength of the quadriceps muscle group in patients with anterior knee pain. The focus of AMI has been aimed primarily at the quadriceps muscle group whereas little information is available on the functional properties of the muscles moving the hip joint. Thus, the purpose of the present cohort study was to determine the short - term effect of sacroiliac manipulation on ipsilateral hip muscle strength and subjective low back pain intensity in thirty male subjects presenting with low back pain, attributable to chronic sacroiliac syndrome. The first objective of the study was to evaluate the short - term effect of sacroiliac manipulation on the strength of the musculature of the ipsilateral hip joint for the actions of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction by means of the Cybex Orthotren II Isokinetic Rehabilitation System, with respect to objective clinical findings. / M

A dissertation presented in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban institute of Technology, 2003. / Low back pain is a significant health problem that has had a major impact on quality of life and on health care costs (Weiner, et al. 2000:450). Schwarzer, et al. (1995) established the sacroiliac joint to be a significant source of pain in patients with chronic low back pain. Bernard and Kirkaldy-Willis (1987:2107-2130) established the sacroiliac joint to be the primary source of low back pain in 22.5% of 1293 patients presenting with back pain. According to a review article by Hendler, et al. (1995:169), “manipulation provides dramatic relief” in cases of sacroiliac syndrome. Little research, however, has been done regarding instrument manipulation and it’s effect on acute, chronic or acute on chronic sacroiliac syndrome. Osterbauer and De Boer, et al. (1993) found a significant decrease in Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry scores following treatment using instrument manipulation for sacroiliac joint syndrome. They also noted a reduction in the number of pain provocation tests applied to the research subjects. “Unless reliability and validity of assessments and effectiveness of treatment procedures can be demonstrated, clinicians should temper their claims of measurement of, and direct effects on, the sacroiliac joint” (Walker 1992:914). The study design was a randomised, omparative clinical trial. Sixty voluntary subjects were accepted onto the trial; each diagnosed as having acute on chronic sacroiliac joint syndrome, and divided into two groups of thirty subjects. Each subject received five treatments within a three-week period. The subjects in group one received manipulation using the Diversified Technique of manipulation and those in group two received instrument manipulation using the “Activator Adjusting Instrument”. / M

1 Summary "STATUTES OF UNIT OWNERS ASSOCIATION" The thesis deals with the statutes of a unit owners association as they are regulated in the Czech law (hereinafter referred to as the "Statutes"). The Statutes are the basic legal document of any unit owners association, through which the rights and obligations of the individual unit owners are exercised. The Statutes should provide any unit owners association with a framework for its smooth functioning in relation to its members (unit owners), as well as in relation to third parties. Much like other juridical (legal) persons, a unit owners association is created when registered to the public register. Its creation is preceded by a founding legal act of the future unit owners, i.e. the future members of the association. Statutory law (i.e. the new Civil Code No. 89/2012 Coll.) stipulates under what conditions the founding members are allowed to establish the unit owners association. For a successful registration of the association in the public register, ordinarily, the Statutes have to be approved by the founding members. The legislation sets out certain mandatory requirements, nonfulfillment of which would lead to a dismissal of the registration. The initial part of the thesis deals with the historical development of the legislation on flat ownership....

1 Summary "STATUTES OF UNIT OWNERS ASSOCIATION" The thesis deals with the statutes of a unit owners association as they are regulated in the Czech law (hereinafter referred to as the "Statutes"). The Statutes are the basic legal document of any unit owners association, through which the rights and obligations of the individual unit owners are exercised. The Statutes should provide any unit owners association with a framework for its smooth functioning in relation to its members (unit owners), as well as in relation to third parties. Much like other juridical (legal) persons, a unit owners association is created when registered to the public register. Its creation is preceded by a founding legal act of the future unit owners, i.e. the future members of the association. Statutory law (i.e. the new Civil Code No. 89/2012 Coll.) stipulates under what conditions the founding members are allowed to establish the unit owners association. For a successful registration of the association in the public register, ordinarily, the Statutes have to be approved by the founding members. The legislation sets out certain mandatory requirements, nonfulfillment of which would lead to a dismissal of the registration. The initial part of the thesis deals with the historical development of the legislation on flat ownership....

Title: H-reflex, depending on the position of the joint Aim: The aim of this study is to determine whether the position of the ankle joint influences the parameters of the soleus muscle H-reflex. We are interested in a change of amplitude, latency and threshold of the H-reflex. Method: To measure H-reflex, we have used surface elektromygraphy. We examined two different positions of the foot in probands lying on the bed on their stomach. The first position was with the feet out of bed, around 90 degrees at the ankle joint (rest position). At the second position, the foot moved the bed and was in position in plantar flexion. Stimulation were performed over the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa. The response, we recorded the surface electrode over the soleus muscle. Results: By changing the position of the ankle from rest to plantar flexion there was no statistically significant changes in amplitude, latency or threshold of the H-reflex. In plantar flection, we found a reduction of Hmax/Mmax ratio, which is probably due to reduced excitability alpha motoneurons through reciprocal ihibition from stretched muscle of the leg. Keywords: H-reflex, soleus muscle, joint position, surface EMG

The aim of this thesis is to introduce the issue of marital property, which I consider is still up to date. That is what I also learned during an internship at the court. I chose this topic mainly because I find it very interesting and important. This topic is very closely related to the family, which I consider to be the core of the society. The society without the family could not simply work. Joint property of spouses is one of the key nodes of the society. Not only the relationship between the spouses themselves, but also in relation to third parties. The thesis consists of six chapters, where most of them are further divided into subsections. The first chapter deals with the historical context of the development of joint property. This leads to an understanding of the current legislation. The second chapter deals with how the joint property is created and what constitutes the content of the joint property. That means assets and liabilities. In addition, it is pointed out what by the law cannot be part of the joint property. The third chapter of the thesis deals with the disposal of the joint property of spouses. Such disposal of joint property management concerns not only common, but also the non-common administration. Also an important point in this part is the relation between business activities and...

Em 1994, a prefeitura de São Paulo aprovou uma lei permitindo novos condomínios horizontais de casas em lotes de até 15.000m2, com a intenção de dar continuidade a um tipo urbano tradicional da cidade, chamado \"vila\". Apesar deste modelo ter sofrido várias transformações desde seu surgimento no final do século XIX como habitação para operários, o tipo visualizado pelos desenvolvedores do projeto de lei foi o das vilas rentistas produzidas durante meados do século XX e que nos anos 1980 tiveram grande valorização pelo mercado. Porém, quando a Lei de Vilas foi aprovada, outras referências urbanas já haviam surgido no imaginário coletivo paulistano, e os conjuntos decorrentes da Lei 11.605/94 já são distintos daquelas vilas de meados do século XX. Sejam elas um novo tipo urbano ou uma nova versão do tipo \"vila\", fato é que nenhum estudo consistente sobre esses empreendimentos foi localizado até o momento, mesmo estando esta lei há mais de dez anos em vigor e sua produção em crescimento praticamente constante desde 1994.Nesta pesquisa a intenção é fazer um diagnóstico do que foi produzido, apresentando dez projetos executados de diferentes padrões e regiões da cidade, descobrir o quanto se produziu por ano e por bairro, os motivos de suas configurações físicas finais, quem produziu, quem são e o que pensam os moradores a respeito dos imóveis onde estão morando. No final do trabalho, são apresentadas algumas sugestões para futuros projetos deste tipo na cidade, com a intenção de evitar alguns erros encontrados durante o desenvolvimento do trabalho. / In 1994, São Paulo municipality approved a new law that allows new horizontal joint ownerships in areas until 15.000m2 at this town, to continue the production of a traditional urban type of this city, called vilas. Although this urban type has been modified since its origin in the last 19th century decade as popular housing for industries employees, the goal seeked by the law developers was the form of vilas builded by the middle 20th century for renting. These ones had their market prices increased during the 1980?s.However, when the law was approved, other urban references had already arised to São Paulo popular knowledge, and the properties created through the law of vilas are quite different from the middle 20th century examples. Anyway, no consistent study about these cases was finded until now, although the law has been applied for more than ten years and its production has been increasing since 1994.This research goal is discovering what and how much has been done through these years, who are the developers, who are the consumers (and what they think about their living spaces). Ten cases of different kind of consumers and regions of the city are studied and showed. In the very end some project suggestions are presented, intending to avoid some usual mistakes.