Les perspectives de recherche de cette étude s'organisent autour d'un axe thématique qui ouvre la dimension littéraire japonaise contemporaine au débat critique international : l'un des enjeux de notre analyse est de comprendre, par la comparaison d'un nombre limité d'œuvres exemplaires, la spécificité de l'expérience de la réécriture parodique du canon au Japon. Par ailleurs, tout en définissant de façon ponctuelle et rigoureuse le champ d'investigation, cette analyse permet de réfléchir au problème complexe de l'utilisation, devenue paradigmatique, des formes intertextuelles dans la littérature "postmoderne". S'agit-il d'une façon pour préserver ou déconstruire ? Est-il possible de considérer la relecture parodique comme une forme de traduction du canon? Dans cette perspective, on se propose de conduire une analyse directe et comparative des œuvres d'auteurs divers mais qui se sont tous intéressés à des textes-source communs : en particulier on prend en considération le cas exemplaire des parodies des textes de Kawabata Yasunari (1899 – 1972) réalisées par Ogino Anna (1956), Inoue Hisashi (1934-2010) et Shimizu Yoshinori (1947) (respectivement dans "Watashi no aidokusho", 1991 ; "Bun to Fun", 1970 et "Kirikirijin", 1981 ; "Ese monogatari", 1991). Face aux œuvres immortelles du grand maître de la modernité, tous trois ont réalisé des parodies qu'on peut lire comme des traductions dans un langage nouveau d' hypotextes célèbres ("Yukiguni", "Izu no odoriko") ; ou, en même temps, comme des parodies de la traduction, qui révèlent les fragments d'un jeu cassé, moyens utiles à la réflexion metatextuelle. / The overall aim of my research is to investigate whether and, if so, how the use of intertextual tropes like parody and pastiche have been a determining factor in the “translation” of the modern canon in contemporary Japanese literature. In order to investigate these aspects, I have explored as a case study three works completely different in terms of style and themes, but that share a common hypotext: in fact, I analyse in this research the parodies of Yukiguni, the worldwide renowned masterpiece of Kawabata Yasunari, realized by Ogino Anna, Shimizu Yoshinori and Inoue Hisashi (respectively in Watashi no aidokusho　『私の愛毒書』, 1991; Ese monogatari 『江勢物語』, 1991; Kirikirijin, 『吉里吉里人』, 1981).Through a comparative examination of the chosen texts, but also considering the critical discourse on the “canonization” of the works of Kawabata and the non-negligible role of their translations for the western audience, I try to demonstrate the strategic importance of intertextual practices in contemporary Japanese literary scene: the exploration of the use of parody and pastiche in postmodern Japanese context highlight the challenging perspective of a literature that reflect on itself by reflecting itself. / Le prospettive di ricerca di questo studio si concentrano attorno ad un asse tematico che apre la dimensione letteraria giapponese contemporanea al dibattito critico internazionale : nucleo essenziale del nostro percoso è infatti la proposta di un'analisi, realizzata attraverso la messa in relazione di un corpus di testi esemplari, dell'esperienza della riscrittura parodica del canone letterario moderno nel Giappone contemporaneo.In particulare, il caso di studio analizzato è quello delle riscritture realizzate da tre autori contemporanei (Ogino Anna, Shimizu Yoshinori, Inoue Hisashi) che hanno in commune ipotesti estremamente celebri : Yukiguni ("Il paese delle nevi") e Izu no odoriko ("La ballerina del paese delle nevi"), di Katawabe Yasunari, primo Nobel giapponese per la letteratura.

In thesis "Explicit depictions of contemporary Japanese literature" I deal with contemporary prose literature describing problems of nowadays Japanese society. In the first part I define taboo and chose suitable novels for the need of this work. I focus on different types of characters - freeters, foreigners, social outsiders and victims. Next I take Murakami Ry's literature as an example of explicit depictions and show different ways of processing and various topics chosen by the author. Then I compare and contrast his work with selected prose of younger writer Kanehara Hitomi, who represents the literature of female authors in contemporary Japan. In conclusion I discuss the aesthetic function of literature of explicit depictions and its position in the field of art. By comparing and contrasting the various novels I reach my own characteristic of contemporary Japanese literature of explicit depictions.

A literatura policial teve origem com o surgimento das grandes cidades, que possibilitou o anonimato do criminoso e a criação de uma força policial para combater essa criminalidade. No Japão, após o período Meiji (1868-1912), são publicadas as primeiras traduções de contos policiais ocidentais, com autores como Edgar Allan Poe e Arthur Conan Doyle. Influenciado por essas leituras, Hirai Tar (1894-1965) escreve as primeiras histórias do gênero ambientadas no Japão, sob o pseudônimo de Edogawa Rampo, difundindo um dos gêneros mais populares no país hoje. Este trabalho apresenta o escritor Edogawa Rampo ao leitor brasileiro, além de propor uma tradução comentada de três contos policiais, mostrando as opções tradutórias e as diferenças culturais que permeiam o texto de partida e o de chegada, embasado pelas Teorias da Tradução. Selecionamos três contos do início da carreira de Rampo, a saber: Nisen dka, Dzaka no satsujin jiken e Shinri shiken, traduzidos respectivamente para o português como A moeda de cobre de dois sen, Assassinato na ladeira D e Teste psicológico. Além disso, apresentamos um breve contexto do gênero policial no Japão na época de Rampo e atualmente. / Crime literature originated from the emergence of the big cities, which enabled the anonymity of the criminal and the creation of a police force to fight this criminality. In Japan, after the Meiji period (1868-1912), the first translations of Western crime short stories are published, with authors such as Edgar Allan Poe and Arthur Conan Doyle. Influenced by these readings, Hirai Tar (1894-1965) writes the first stories of this genre set in Japan, under the pseudonym Edogawa Rampo, spreading one of the most popular genres in the country today. This work presents the writer Edogawa Rampo to the Brazilian reader, besides proposing a commented translation of three crime short stories, presenting the translating options and the cultural differences which permeate the source text and target text, based on the Theories of Translation. We have selected three short stories from the beginning of Rampo\'s career, which are: Nisen dka, Dzaka no satsujin jiken e Shinri shiken, respectively translated to Portuguese as A moeda de cobre de dois sen, Assassinato na ladeira D and Teste psicológico. We also present a brief context of the crime genre in Japan at Rampo\'s time and at the present.

Osamu Dazai é um dos poucos escritores japoneses da primeira metade do século XX que emprega mulheres como narradoras. Procuramos explorar essa peculiaridade de seus textos comparando-os, embora brevemente, com aqueles de alguns de seus contemporâneos, como Yasunari Kawabata e Junichirô Tanizaki. Fazemos algumas incursões na ideia de feminilidade que permeava a sociedade japonesa no início do século XX e as transformações que ela sofre até o final da Segunda Guerra, pois acreditamos que essas mesmas mudanças na imagem do feminino também sejam refletidas pelos textos de Dazai. Analisamos alguns de seus textos com narradoras para observar o quanto elas se distanciam ou se aproximam dos ideais de feminilidade da sociedade da época. Por fim, também comparamos as figuras femininas de suas obras do pós-guerra com suas figuras masculinas, estas, muito parecidas com o próprio autor, presas do niilismo e em rota de autodestruição. Nossa intenção, em suma, é explorar, mesmo que de forma limitada, as relações entre a cultura da época e a literatura por meio da análise de alguns textos com narradoras de Osamu Dazai, bem como sublinhar o caráter peculiar dessas mesmas narradoras no interior das obras do autor e em relação aos textos de seus contemporâneos. / Osamu Dazai is one of the few Japanese writers from the first half of the 20th century in whose texts we find female narrators. We intend to explore, although briefly, this peculiarity comparing his texts with those written by authors like Yasunari Kawabata and Junichirô Tanizaki. We make some incursions into the idea of womanliness which permeated the Japanese society in the beginning of the 20th century and the changes which it undergoes until the end of the Second World War because we believe that the same changes in the female image are reflected in Dazais texts. We analyze some of his texts with female narrators to see how far or close they are to societys ideals of womanliness. Lastly, we compare the female characters of Dazais postwar texts with the male ones (who resemble the author himself in their nihilism and self-destructive tendencies). In short, our objective is to examine, even if not as comprehensively as we could wish, how the culture of the period and the literature are related by analyzing some texts with female narrators written by Osamu Dazai. We also hope to stress the uniqueness of these female narrators within the authors texts and in relation to those of his contemporaries.

Entender a poesia clássica japonesa exige conhecimentos não só do significado das palavras, mas também dos recursos retóricos que se fazem presentes nesse gênero literário. Por essa razão, neste trabalho, dedicar-nos-emos a analisar os recursos que possibilitam a leitura dos poemas da antologia Kokinwakashû, do Período Heian. Os mais significativos recursos são: makurakotoba, jokotoba, kakekotoba e engo. Como o recurso mais característico dos poemas dessa antologia é o kakekotoba, dedicaremos mais atenção a este, não apenas definindo e apresentando classificações e questões tradutológicas, mas também estabelecendo uma breve comparação com o recurso retórico da literatura ocidental e analisando as relações estabelecidas entre o kakekotoba e os três outros recursos retóricos. Para conseguir realizar nosso objetivo, partiremos da observação de poemas que contêm vários exemplos desses recursos e procuraremos obter conclusões a partir do método dedutivo. Também utilizaremos conceitos da Semiótica Francesa, como isotopia e conector de isotopia, a fim de melhor compreender os efeitos de sentido decorrentes dos recursos de retórica nos textos. Dessa maneira, procuramos contribuir com os estudos da língua e literatura clássicas japonesas, especialmente no Brasil, e inspirar novos estudos no futuro. / Understanding the classical Japanese poetry requires knowledge of not only the meaning of words, but also of rhetorical devices that are present in this literary genre. For this reason, in this work, we dedicate ourselves to analyse the devices that enable the comprehension of poems from the anthology Kokinwakashû, from Heian Period. The most significant devices are: makurakotoba, jokotoba, kakekotoba and engo. The most important device in the poems of this anthology is the kakekotoba. Then, we pay more attention to this, not only defining and classifying the devices and theirs problems of translations, but also comparing them with the Western literature and analyzing the relationships established between the kakekotoba and the three other rhetorical devices. To achieve our goal, we will assume the note of poems that contain several examples of these devices and will analyse them to obtain conclusions by using the deductive method. Also we will use concepts from Semiotics, as isotopy and connector of isotopy, in order to better understand the effects of sense arising from rhetoric devices in the texts. In this way, we aim to contribute to the study of Classical Japanese Language and Literature, especially in Brazil, and inspire other studies in the future.

Considerada ainda na antiguidade como a \"ancestral de todas as narrativas monogatari\", Taketori monogatari é a obra mais antiga de seu gênero. Escrita provavelmente entre os séculos IX e X, a narrativa conta a trajetória da personagem Kaguyahime, desde que foi encontrada pelo personagem que dá título à obra até a ocasião em que é levada de volta para o mundo de onde veio. Os acontecimentos que se desenrolam a partir da corte amorosa empreendida por cinco pretendentes que desejam se casar com ela ocupam considerável espaço na narrativa. Esse arco é considerado pelos estudiosos japoneses como exclusivo de Taketori monogatari, não constando em nenhum outro registro anterior da lenda. A partir desta hipótese e amparados pelo trabalho de Roland Barthes, propusemos uma reflexão sobre a construção do discurso pretensamente amoroso nessa parte em que se acredita vislumbrar o ineditismo da obra. / Regarded as \"the ancestor of all monogatari narratives\" since Classical Japan, Taketori monogatari is the most ancient piece of work in monogatari genre. Written probably between the 9th and 10th centuries, the narrative tells the story of Kaguyahime, from the moment she was found by the character whose name is in the title of the narrative until she is taken back to her homeland. The episodes starred by the five noble men who wish to marry her occupy the most of the narrative and are thought, by the Japanese scholars, to be exclusively Taketori monogatari author\'s creation. Considering the Japanese scholars\' view and supported by Roland Barthes\'s treatise on amorous discourse, we aimed to expose the way the discourse spoken by Kaguyahime and her suitors is built in those supposedly romantic episodes.

The main concern of this thesis is a literary analysis of Ukiyoburo, a work by Shikitei Sanba, who was a prominent Japanese writer of the Edo period. This thesis contains a fairly extensive treatment of Sanba's life and work. In this part, the highest attention is paid to works of the kokkeibon genre, which made Sanba famous. The theoretical part mainly deals with the narrative analysis, which has been chosen to be the main research method of this thesis. In the analytical part, the presented methods are used to examine mainly the narrative mode, the story, the environment, the characters and the humor of Ukiyoburo, Sanba's most important work.

Esta pesquisa visa analisar a estética do espaço e a estética literária empregadas na narrativa da obra Pôr-do-Sol, de Dazai Osamu, bem como resgatar a essência da cultura japonesa contemporânea de um Japão devastado pela Segunda Guerra Mundial, onde o autor expressa toda a sua sensibilidade poética. Este trabalho baseia-se na pesquisa biográfica de Dazai Osamu, com ênfase ao momento histórico que o autor testemunhou e onde realizou suas escritas, visando o levantamento da iconografia, pictografia e metonímia na linguagem de sua obra. Através deste estudo buscam-se os elementos que o enquadrem no gênero literário denominado Romance do Eu e as influências exercidas pelo Naturalismo europeu e movimentos sociais em sua carreira literária por meio da análise da hereditariedade, das influências do meio social no ambiente da obra e a estética literária empregada em sua técnica narrativa. O estudo desenvolvido demonstra as interferências ocidentais na Literatura Japonesa através da intertextualidade de obras japonesas e ocidentais, que dialogam entre si, e apresentam uma narrativa ao redor da estética do espaço na obra Pôr-do-Sol, retratando a essência humana, o irracional, as emoções, o onírico, as alegrias e desilusões inerentes a todos os seres humanos, principalmente na sociedade japonesa do período histórico do pós-guerra. / This research seeks analyze Dazai Osamu\'s spatial aesthetics and his literary style, which was used in his novel Setting Sun, besides to bring off essence of Japan Contemporary Culture, that was devastated in this country due to World War II. Another point of this study is the narrative aesthetics, where the writer expresses his poetic sensitiveness. This study is based on Dazai Osamu\'s autobiographic research, emphasizing a historical moment of Japan, which he witnessed and finished his writings despite of war; in his novel, Dazai aimed the language of: iconography survey, pictorial survey and metonymy language. This study will search for elements that fit in the literary genre named I Novel, as well as influences the writer suffered from European Naturalism and social movements in his literary carrier; Dazai analyzed the heredity and the influences of social means described in atmosphere of his work and the literary aesthetic (spatial) carried out in his narrative techniques. The study developed here points out western interference in Japanese literature, which can be noticed in the inter-textuality of literary works between west and east, that inter-act itself; therefore introduces a narrative related to spatial aesthetic in the Setting Sun which the writer describes the essence of human beings´nature such as: irrational feelings, the emotions, the day-dreams, the cheerfulness and disappointments, inherent in whole human beings, especially in the Japanese society in certain historical time after war.

Children’s literature flourished in Edo-period Japan, as this dissertation shows through a survey of eighteenth-century woodblock-printed picturebooks for children that feature children in prominent roles. Addressing a persisting neglect of non-Western texts in the study of children’s literature and childhood per se, the dissertation challenges prevailing historical understandings of the origins of children’s literature and conceptions of childhood as a distinct phase of life. The explosive growth of print culture in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Japan not only raised expectations for adult literacy but also encouraged the spread of basic education for children and the publication of books for the young. The limited prior scholarship on Edo-period Japanese children’s books tends to dismiss them as a few isolated exceptions or as limited to moralistic primers and records of oral tradition. This dissertation reveals a long-lasting, influential, and varied body of children’s literature that combines didactic value with entertainment. Eighteenth-century picturebooks drew on literary and religious traditions as well as popular culture, while tailoring their messages to the interests and limitations of child readers. Organized in two parts, the dissertation includes two analytical chapters followed by five annotated translations of picturebooks (kōzeibyōshi and early kusazōshi). Among the illustrators that can be identified are ukiyoe artists like Torii Kiyomitsu (1735-1785). The first chapter analyzes the picturebook as a form of children’s literature that can be considered in terms analogous to those used of children’s literature in the West, and it provides evidence that these picturebooks were recognized by Japanese of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries as uniquely suited to child readers. The second chapter addresses the ways in which woodblock-printed children’s literature was commercialized and canonized from the mid-eighteenth century through the latter years of the Edo period, and it shows that picturebooks became source material for new forms of children’s culture during that time. The translated picturebooks, from both the city of Edo and the Kamigata region, include a sample of eighteenth-century views of the child: developing fetus, energetic grandchild, talented student, unruly schoolboy, obedient helper at home, young bride-to-be, and deceased child under the care of the Bodhisattva Jizō. / East Asian Languages and Civilizations

Les perspectives de recherche de cette étude s'organisent autour d'un axe thématique qui ouvre la dimension littéraire japonaise contemporaine au débat critique international : l'un des enjeux de notre analyse est de comprendre, par la comparaison d'un nombre limité d'œuvres exemplaires, la spécificité de l'expérience de la réécriture parodique du canon au Japon. Par ailleurs, tout en définissant de façon ponctuelle et rigoureuse le champ d'investigation, cette analyse permet de réfléchir au problème complexe de l'utilisation, devenue paradigmatique, des formes intertextuelles dans la littérature "postmoderne". S'agit-il d'une façon pour préserver ou déconstruire ? Est-il possible de considérer la relecture parodique comme une forme de traduction du canon? Dans cette perspective, on se propose de conduire une analyse directe et comparative des œuvres d'auteurs divers mais qui se sont tous intéressés à des textes-source communs : en particulier on prend en considération le cas exemplaire des parodies des textes de Kawabata Yasunari (1899 – 1972) réalisées par Ogino Anna (1956), Inoue Hisashi (1934-2010) et Shimizu Yoshinori (1947) (respectivement dans "Watashi no aidokusho", 1991 ; "Bun to Fun", 1970 et "Kirikirijin", 1981 ; "Ese monogatari", 1991). Face aux œuvres immortelles du grand maître de la modernité, tous trois ont réalisé des parodies qu'on peut lire comme des traductions dans un langage nouveau d' hypotextes célèbres ("Yukiguni", "Izu no odoriko") ; ou, en même temps, comme des parodies de la traduction, qui révèlent les fragments d'un jeu cassé, moyens utiles à la réflexion metatextuelle. / The overall aim of my research is to investigate whether and, if so, how the use of intertextual tropes like parody and pastiche have been a determining factor in the “translation” of the modern canon in contemporary Japanese literature. In order to investigate these aspects, I have explored as a case study three works completely different in terms of style and themes, but that share a common hypotext: in fact, I analyse in this research the parodies of Yukiguni, the worldwide renowned masterpiece of Kawabata Yasunari, realized by Ogino Anna, Shimizu Yoshinori and Inoue Hisashi (respectively in Watashi no aidokusho　『私の愛毒書』, 1991; Ese monogatari 『江勢物語』, 1991; Kirikirijin, 『吉里吉里人』, 1981).Through a comparative examination of the chosen texts, but also considering the critical discourse on the “canonization” of the works of Kawabata and the non-negligible role of their translations for the western audience, I try to demonstrate the strategic importance of intertextual practices in contemporary Japanese literary scene: the exploration of the use of parody and pastiche in postmodern Japanese context highlight the challenging perspective of a literature that reflect on itself by reflecting itself. / Le prospettive di ricerca di questo studio si concentrano attorno ad un asse tematico che apre la dimensione letteraria giapponese contemporanea al dibattito critico internazionale : nucleo essenziale del nostro percoso è infatti la proposta di un'analisi, realizzata attraverso la messa in relazione di un corpus di testi esemplari, dell'esperienza della riscrittura parodica del canone letterario moderno nel Giappone contemporaneo.In particulare, il caso di studio analizzato è quello delle riscritture realizzate da tre autori contemporanei (Ogino Anna, Shimizu Yoshinori, Inoue Hisashi) che hanno in commune ipotesti estremamente celebri : Yukiguni ("Il paese delle nevi") e Izu no odoriko ("La ballerina del paese delle nevi"), di Katawabe Yasunari, primo Nobel giapponese per la letteratura.