Employee turnover is an inherent challenge encountered by managers at nonprofit organizations. The purpose of this single case study was to explore the strategies some community-based organization managers used to reduce employee turnover in western New York. Five organizational managers were selected who had successfully implemented strategies to reduce employee turnover. Herzberg's 2-factor theory was the conceptual framework for this doctoral study. Data collection occurred through semistructured interviews and review of organizational documents. Data analysis involved collecting data, organizing the data into codes and themes, and interpreting and revealing information about the themes. Member checking and methodological triangulation increased the validity and reliability of the study. The 3 themes that emerged from the study were building positive relationships to promote communication, offering employee training and advancement, and recognizing that compensation is an important factor but does not influence employee behavior. Recommendations for action include redesigning processes to change organizational culture and implementing strategies to mitigate employee resignations. The findings from this study may contribute to social change, because organizational managers could use the study results to reduce employee turnover, which could lead to increased service quality in communities.

Nonprofit organizations' managers face challenges in creating nonmonetary rewards to increase the job satisfaction of staff and productivity of the organization. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the nonmonetary reward strategies that nonprofit organizations' managers used to increase employee job satisfaction. The targeted population included nonprofit managers who had successfully implemented nonmonetary reward strategies to increase employee job satisfaction. Kalleberg's theory of job satisfaction was the conceptual framework for the study. The primary data collection method was semistructured, face-to-face interviews with 3 participants. Secondary data sources included review of company documents such as employee evaluations and work-from-home request forms. Methodological triangulation of data and information was accomplished by comparing data collected from interviews and company documents. Through coding and thematic analysis, 3 primary themes emerged: experience, effective communication, and flexibility. The primary conclusion of this study was that managers use personal experiences as an employee to develop and implement effective reward systems. The implications of this study for social change include the potential to improve employee job satisfaction in nonprofit organizations, which may result in improved employee productivity and promote social development in the community.

Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2007 / Refer to document

The Swedish labour market is facing major challenges with regard to supply of skilled staff and recruitment of new employees. This concerns especially the welfare sector where an important group to attract is nurses. The purpose of this study is to elucidate what factors students in the nursing program at Umeå University value as important in future employers.The results from this study could be of value for the organisations to take into account; also,for employer branding. To find this out, an internet-based questionnaire was sent out via email to the nursing students attending semester 4–6. Based on the answers received, it is shown that the nursing students at Umeå University value social work environment, a high salary and good leadership as the three most important in future employment. High wages were equally valued between the genders but all the other areas where more highly valued by women. This study shows similarities to previous research within the field and how it looks today in the nursing profession, that is the soft and post-materialistic values where highly valued. What contradicts,and even makes this study unique, is that the nursing students also valued the materialistic values a safe and secure employment and a high salary as an incredibly important factor in their future professional life. To attract these students future employers has to offer a good social work environment where they can have fun with colleagues and ask for help if needed. They must also be given an adequate salary that corresponds to what their work actually entails.

Thesis (DTech (Human Resource Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards on the job satisfaction and morale of educators in Western Cape Public Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions. The study endeavoured to determine factors that contributed to public TVET educators’ dissatisfaction with intrinsic and extrinsic rewards offered by public TVET institutions in the Western Cape. In addition, the study investigated the job satisfaction of public TVET educators as well as the resultant morale, attrition and absenteeism brought about by educators’ dissatisfaction with rewards offered. The study was also expected to present findings and make recommendations to public TVET institutions and the Department Higher Education and Training (DHET). Recommendations were supposed to be made to bring about an improvement in the job satisfaction and morale of public TVET educators in the Western Cape. A stratified purposive sampling procedure was utilised in drawing up the sample from some population of 1535 educators in the Western in 2013. The Research Advisors (2006) and Krejcie and Morgan (1970) Sample Size Tables were utilised. However, out of 308 JDI questionnaires that were initially distributed 265 were returned duly completed. The two hundred and sixty-five JDI questionnaires were processed using SPSS Version 23. As suggested by statistical analysis, the overall conclusion drawn from the research was that extrinsic and intrinsic rewards significantly predicted the job satisfaction and morale of educators in a sample of 308 derived from some population of 1535 educators in Western Cape public TVET institutions. This study revealed that extrinsic and intrinsic rewards had a significant influence or impact on the job satisfaction and morale of public TVET educators in the Western Cape. It was discovered that beside extrinsic rewards such as pay and bonuses, intrinsic rewards such as the job itself were important in the job satisfaction and morale of educators. Beside the above it was also discovered that supervision, career progression opportunities and relationships among principals and staff, and among educators and learners were instrumental in enhancing the job satisfaction and morale of educators. Beside the above mentioned, it was discovered that learners’ grades after assessments also played a major role in the motivation of public TVET educators. It was confirmed that extrinsic and intrinsic rewards complimented each other in fostering and enhancing the job satisfaction and morale of public TVET educators in the Western Cape. The results of this study showed that job satisfaction among public TVET educators in the Western Cape could be explained by the type of rewards (extrinsic and intrinsic) offered by public TVET institutions as previously indicated. In other studies, mentioned in this study it was confirmed that beside extrinsic rewards, intrinsic rewards such as the job itself and the educational institution enhanced the educator’s job satisfaction and morale. When an employer fulfils the educator’s intrinsic and extrinsic reward expectations, an educator’s affective commitment, job satisfaction and morale is enhanced.

This thesis is a study of gender and organisation in Sri Lanka, a society of diverse cultural identities. The research question addresses factors related to women and men's orientations to work and the extent to which institutional factors, located in the broader societal context of Sri Lankan organisations, add explanatory power in analysis of the degree of job satisfaction and work perceptions. The thesis also investigates the relationship between organisational level attributes and the understanding of managers' work perceptions, as well as seeking variation at the institutional level. The main research instrument was a questionnaire, and quantitative data was generated from field surveys of 382 Sri Lankan male and female managers. The data is stratified randomly, forming a sample of top, middle and junior level managers. These managers belong to diverse Sri Lankan organisations in terms of size, ownership, and line of business. The findings illustrate that organisational level attributes have greater explanatory power in interpreting the work perceptions of male and female managers in Sri Lanka than do the institutional factors. However, qualitative interviews that were conducted reveal the salience of institutional factors to explain aspects of work perceptions. Organisational policies and recommendations that can be derived from this finding are elaborated in the conclusions. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis focuses on the relationship between job satisfaction and union membership of long day care employees in Melbourne and Sydney, and uses the exit-voice/union-voice model as an analytical framework. The data includes surveys of child-care staff and students enrolled in child-care courses, interviews with child-care staff, union officials and employer representatives, and official documentation. While child-care workers report high levels of job satisfaction, it is argued that the considerable ‘exit voice’ of the survey respondents is a demonstration of job dissatisfaction. The reported levels of satisfaction are a manifestation of satisfaction with the intrinsic features of the work (child development outcomes) and the limited employment opportunities of females generally. The exit voice is a manifestation of dissatisfaction with the extrinsic features of the job (pay and career advancement). The thesis failed to detect evidence of a strong relationship between job (dis)satisfaction and union membership, due to the ‘caring profession syndrome’, a perceived lack of union instrumentality, and problems associated with the ability of unions to recruit and organise an industry consisting of over 4,000 small workplaces. The findings show that both staff and students are highly sympathetic towards unions, that working in child-care changes attitudes about work but not unions, and that there exists a strong union voice among child-care workers despite the relative low levels of union membership. The thesis discusses the implications for union organisation so that the supply of union membership might correspond with the demands for this membership, particularly in regard to employee motivations and commitments. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Retention and productivity levels of a workforce are one of the essential ingredients for organisations to prosper in today's competitive business environment. Turnover intentions of the workforce are an important consideration for managers of organisations, employees, families, and communities alike. This study investigated a comprehensive model of turnover intentions that included two proximal variables, (job satisfaction, and organisational commitment), the distal variables of organisational justice, work strain, work overload, and work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict with the turnover intentions. A questionnaire was completed by 114 participants of the Allied Health workforce at the Waikato District Health Board, from allied health occupational groups, psychologists, physiotherapists, social workers, dieticians, and speech language therapists. Job satisfaction, affective commitment, distributive, interactional, and procedural justice, strain and family-to-work conflict were correlated with turnover intentions. Results of the mediated regression analyses found that job satisfaction and affective commitment are significant mediators between distributive, interactional, and procedural justice, work strain, and family work conflict with turnover intentions. The major implications from this research are that managers of organisation need to foster job satisfaction and affective commitment within their organisation to reduce turnover intentions. In the final chapter, the conclusions are discussed in terms of its practical implications to organisations, employees and the need for future research.

This study explores the development and rigorous testing of a new self-concept instrument designed specifically for nurses for use in a longitudinal, multicohort study on self-concept, job satisfaction and retention in nursing.The outcomes of this study are that nurses' self-concept can now be measured by a new theoretically and empirically substantiated multidimensional instrument. This will provide potential new directions for nursing research on which to build specific self-concept enhancement and retention strategies. The transitional period of student to graduate nurse can be the subject of ongoing assessment by utilising the new self-concept instrument in conjunction with a valid measure of nurses' job satisfaction. The findings of this study have raised an awareness of the importance of self-concept in the retention challenge for all nurses and in particular the newly registered graduate nurse / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This study contributes to an understanding of the causes, consequences and complexities of gender inequity in career success (high levels of status and salary) in the New Zealand accounting profession. Sixty-nine (twenty-seven male and forty-two female) experienced Chartered Accountants were interviewed about their career histories. A feminist, interpretative and qualitative approach was followed and NVIVO was used for analysis. The first significant contribution of the study was the identification of five work/family strategies based on levels of family and work involvement (Traditional Men, Traditional Women, Family Balancers, Stepping Stone Men and Work First Women). Secondly, the level of family responsibilities explained career success much better than gender alone, although these two factors were commonly (but not always) directly related. The third contribution was the revision of the three-pronged model previously offered by Whiting & Wright (2001) to explain gender inequities in salary and status in the New Zealand accounting profession. Because the original model was derived from quantitative data, using qualitative data to revise the model constituted a sequential mixed method (pragmatic) approach. In the revised model, gender centrality and the three explanatory categories (Attributes, Structure and Attitudes) were removed. Career success was enhanced by high career aspirations (related to perceptions of stress, managerial and responsibility requirements and remuneration), long working hours and availability to clients, hard work, high technical competence and skills (enhanced by overseas experience), networking (less attractive to women), self-confidence (enhanced by mentoring for the least self-confident), flexibility to relocate if required (decreased by family and lifestyle ties) and large size and growth of the employing organisation. Most influential were career aspirations and a long hours/available work ethic. This demonstrated the pervasiveness of the male linear career model (derived from the male breadwinner-female carer family structure), that rewarded (in terms of progression) unilateral allegiance to the firm. Career aspirations, desire for responsibility, perceived ability to handle pressure, long hours, availability to clients, networking and possibly technical skills (if there were periods of extended leave) were all influenced by the Chartered Accountant�s level of family responsibilities. Those with the least family responsibilities (childless, Traditional Men and Work First Women) demonstrated unswerving commitment to the firm and were equally the most successful career wise. The impact of family responsibilities on career progression could be ameliorated by organisational cultural change. There were some indications of cultural change, being most prevalent in public sector and educational organisations. Enhancing conditions included a culture of flexibility and a concurrent atmosphere of trust, a less competitive work culture, absence of constant overtime demands and on-call work, encouraging top management who worked positively to retain and foster top performers over a longer period, and high level part-time positions supported by well-trained subordinate teams. To achieve these conditions provides an imminent challenge to organisations which employ Chartered Accountants, because the profession is increasing its proportion of females, has a younger generation more interested in work-life balance, and is losing many of its members overseas.