The objective of this study was to identify the strategies (primary, secondary and tertiary) that can be employed to manage work related stress. A questionnaire, was designed based on the strategies found in a literature study on the topic and used to gather inputs from academic head of department and lecturers. The questionnaire was delivered by hand to 18 potential respondents. All 16 questionnaires returned could be used. These were processed and analysed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. In general support was found for primary stress management strategies pertaining to work schedule, work load and work pace, job content, career development, the home-work relationship and work environment. Lifestyle management in terms of physical activities and a healthy diet were regarded as the preferred secondary stress management strategies. The strategies related to lifestyle management which were identified from the literature study were physical activities, healthy diet, relaxation techniques such as meditation and yoga. Support was found for tertiary stress management strategies but most of the respondents were not sure if their organisation offered any wellness, employee assistance or stress management programmes. Wellness programmes were indicated as a strategy that will have the most impact on reducing work related stress and employee assistance programmes (EAPs) ranked there after. Overall respondents indicated that they did not perceive their work as very stressful.

This study was concerned with the extent to which coping behavior, coping efficacy, and their interaction are associated with job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and propensity to leave teaching, after the effects of gender, stressor type, perceived stress, and control over stressor are accounted for. Respondents were 266 teachers from two British Columbia school districts covering smaller urban and rural areas. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire package distributed and collected through the district mail systems including: (a) demographic data, (b) 3 subsales from the revised version of the Teacher Stress Inventory (Pettegrew & Wolf, 1982), (c) 2 subscales from a coping efforts scale (Latack, 1986), (d) a modified version of the coping efforts scale measuring 2 subscales of coping efficacy, (e) the job satisfaction subscale from the Teacher Stress Inventory, (f) the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (Mowday, Steers, & Porter, 1979), (g) a propensity to leave measure (Lyons, 1971), and (h) 8 single-item questions. Preliminary analysis was done to compare male and female teachers and to determine the influence of reluctance to complete the questionnaire. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to examine relations among variables entered in six levels: (1) gender and stressor type; (2) perceived stress; (3) perceived control over stressor; (4) control and escape coping; (5) perceived control and escape efficacy; and (6) control and escape products. The first regression equation reached significance, F(10,213)=13.68, p< .01, and accounted for 39% of the variance of occupational satisfaction. The second regression equation reached significance, F(10,213)=9.33, p<.0l, and accounted for 30% of the variance of propensity to leave teaching. The third regression equation reached significance, F(10,213)=7.6I, p<.0l, and accounted for 26% of the variance of organizational commitment. Partial support was found for the influence with control coping efficacy accounting for a significant increase in the variance of organizational commitment, and the control coping x efficacy interaction accounting for a significant increase in the variance for propensity to leave teaching. Other control efficacy measures, efficacy products, and all escape efficacy measures failed to account for a significant increase in variance. High control coping behavior was related to lower levels of occupational satisfaction, organizational commitment, and a desire to remain in teaching. High escape coping behavior was related to lower occupation satisfaction. Recommendations for the school environment are made as well as directions for future research. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to explore the nature of the influential factors of teacher stress in the special education settings: specifically, some cognitive aspects of the coping process. The importance of the study was summarized in terms of the reported incidence of teacher stress and the need to develop more effective stress intervention and prevention programs. A two-part study was designed to determine the differences in the coping processes of high- and low-stressed teachers in terms of particular cognitive variables. In the first part, high- and low-stressed teachers were differentiated on the basis of the responses of approximately 150 teachers to the Teacher Stress Inventory. In the second part, eleven subjects from each of the low- and high-stressed groups were interviewed. The interviews involved the recollection and report of stressful teaching-related incidents. Teachers were asked to rate each of their incidents in terms of self-evaluation, self-efficacy, outcome evaluation, and incident resolution. As well, they were asked to describe their coping behaviours and to explain what the consequences of the situations meant to them. Statistical and descriptive comparisons were made to determine if there were differences in the responses of the high- and low-stressed teachers. The most significant results of the study were that low-stressed teachers attributed more positive meaning to the consequences of stressful incidents, and that the responses of the low-stressed teachers reflected established philosophies and attitudes. These results have implications for counsellors who are interested in developing intervention and prevention programs and for individuals who conduct teacher-training programs. As well, teachers who feel ineffective at coping with stress are encouraged to seek guidance and to gain awareness of how they contribute to their experience of stress. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to establish the frequency of problems that members of Police Force X experience or have experienced, and to determine which source of counselling the members of Police Force X would prefer most for each problem. A single stage sample design was used for this study. Two hundred non-commissioned police officers were randomly selected and were mailed a questionnaire through the police department's in-house mail system. One hundred and fifteen police officers returned completed and usable questionnaires. With the exception of an under representation of female police officers, the sample was representative of the population. The analysis of data showed that the five most frequent problems reported by the respondents were anxiety that interferes with the enjoyment of life, alcohol abuse, depression, financial problems, marital problems and sleep disturbance (these problems are presented in alphabetical order, and not in order of frequency). Further, for thirteen of fifteen presented problems the majority of respondents selected outside psychiatrist or psychologist as the most preferred source of counselling. For the problem of boredom and alienation members were equally divided between outside psychiatrist or psychologist and peer counselling as the most preferred source of counselling. The study concluded with a discussion of practical implications and recommendations for further research were presented. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

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Orientador: Sandra Leal Calais / Banca: Maria de Lourdes Merighi Tabaquim / Banca: Carmen Maria Bueno Neme / Resumo: O tema estresse tem sido amplamente estudado e o ambiente de trabalho tem se tornado um espaço de grande incidência deste fenômeno. Os profissionais que atuam em Serviços de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) estão expostos diariamente a situações emergenciais e a diferentes eventos estressores que têm reflexo em seu desempenho laboral e na vida pessoal e familiar. O desenvolvimento de alternativas que visem a diminuição do sofrimento físico e emocional e que promovam melhorias no ambiente organizacional e na qualidade de vida do trabalhador faz-se necessário. É neste contexto que se insere o objetivo deste trabalho, que buscou identificar os efeitos de um programa de intervenção sobre a vulnerabilidade ao estresse e as estratégias de enfrentamento em profissionais de um Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência. Participaram 26 profissionais que fazem parte do SAMU de uma cidade do interior paulista, sendo: um médico, seis técnicos de enfermagem, cinco enfermeiros, cinco condutores socorristas, quatro auxiliares de serviços gerais, quatro técnicos auxiliares de regulação médica e um auxiliar administrativo. O programa foi composto por oito encontros desenvolvidos com base em discussões teóricas e atividades práticas, que abordaram temas relacionados ao estresse. As reuniões ocorreram no local de trabalho, durante o horário de expediente dos participantes e foram estruturadas de forma a fornecer informações e estimular a aprendizagem de novas habilidades comportamentais e pr... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Stress is a topic that has been widely studied, and the workplace has become a setting where its incidence is very high. Mobile Urgent Care staff is daily exposed to emergency situations and different stressor events that impact on job performance as well on personal and family life. The development of alternatives aimed at reducing physical and emotional suffering to improve the working environment and the worker's quality of life is necessary. Within this framework, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of a stress vulnerability intervention program and coping strategies on the staff of a Mobile Urgent Care Unit (SAMU). Twenty-six SAMU staff members working in a town in São Paulo state, Brazil, participated in the study. Participants included a physician, six orderlies, five nurses, five urgent care drivers, four caretakers, four auxiliary medical regulatory technicians, and one administrative assistant. The program consisted of eight meetings that included stress-related discussions and practical activities. The meetings, held at the participants' workplace during working hours, were designed to be informative and to stimulate the learning of new behavioral skills and coping practices. The assessment of the intervention was enabled by dedicating the first and the last meeting to data collection. An identification questionnaire, the Work Stress Vulnerability Scale (EVENT), and the Coping Inventory developed by Folkman and Lazarus were used. The study group ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / This study compared job stressors between female and male Tour Leaders (TLs) operating in South America, mainly Peru and Bolivia. In 2017, 82 TLs were surveyed about their level of stress on 30 items representing four sources of job stress: job roles, nature of the job, tourists’ attitudes and behaviors, and external factors. Statistical tests determined that female TLs perceive higher levels of stress from sexual harassment, natural disasters, facilitating the tourists-locals interaction, having limited free time during trips and constant packing/unpacking. Male TLs reported higher levels of stress when tourists supersede their authority. These results indicate the need to amend policy and managerial guidelines to increase gender equity in the tour leading profession. / Revisión por pares

Bibliography: leaves 48-53. / The aim of this dissertation was to investigate the practice of clinical psychology in the Western Cape. This exploratory study described biographical information, characteristics, activities, and the nature of satisfaction and stress experienced. In addition, it established the degree of burnout experienced within this community, and investigated the interrelationships between job satisfaction, job stress and burnout. The sample consisted of 90 practicing clinical psychologists registered with the Professional Board for Psychology of the South African Medical and Dental Council. A questionnaire which was designed to elicit the above-mentioned information and consisted mainly of multiple-choice-type questions was mailed to the participants. Results were quantitative in nature and were treated predominantly descriptively. The study suggested that burnout occurs in low to moderate degrees and was significantly related to age, marital status and type of clinical practice. Furthermore, it was found that therapeutic expertise seemed to be an important factor when considering the interrelationships between job satisfaction, job stress and burnout.

Bibliography: pages 201-214. / Stressful aspects of work and non-work life were investigated amongst 101 female cabin attendants (CAs) who had worked at the South African Airways on either internal or external crew for a minimum of three years. A particular focus was on the subordinate service role of CAs. The research design consisted of different complementary phases. Firstly, extensive interviews were conducted with supervisors and co-ordinators, in order to gain background information on the organization and on the work of a CA. Secondly, semi-structured interviews of about 30 to 60 minutes duration were conducted with CAs while they were on stand-by duty. Thirdly, after the interview each one was asked to complete a self-report questionnaire which contained scales, to be returned at a later stage.

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