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Language, identity and the role of architecture as across- cultural mediatorMillar, Matthew 28 January 2014 (has links)
M.Tech. (Architectural Technology) / This thesis deals with the reappropriation of an existing parking garage into a language institute at Constitution Hill. Through the generation of a flu id conversation between architecture and people this thesis aims to address the underlying social miscommunication present within South African society through a socially motivated architectural manifestation. The underlining aim of this thesis will be the generation of a socially orientated architectural platform that allows and encourages cross-pollination. This architectural platform will revolve around and investigate the many opportunities that language offers asa social mediator and how these opportunities can aid in the democratization of identity generation. This new approach will be more representative of the complex multicultural society that is present within South Africa and as a result will end up being more democratic in nature.
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Aggrey Klaaste : the relentless community-builderMbonambi, Phakama January 2014 (has links)
This thesis looks at the life and times of Aggrey Klaaste, the larger-than-life late editor of Sowetan who shot to fame by championing a novel idea of nation building. His initiative started in 1988 as flames of violence engulfed South Africa and it seemed as if an apocalypse was on the cards. Sickened by what the frustrated black community was doing to itself, for example the use of the dreadful practice of necklacing against the so-called collaborators, he called for moral regeneration. He wanted his compatriots to look into the future and take their destiny in their own hands. Through nation building he tirelessly launched into crusading journalism that sought to heal the scars of the black community after decades of apartheid. It was grassroots community building. He rewarded ordinary men and women who made a difference in their communities. He actively sought peace to end the violence of the 1980s and 1990s. He spoke his mind without wearing any ideological blinkers, even as some thought his initiative would disturb the march to freedom. He was the ultimate newspaperman. This thesis argues that by calling for reconciliation and rebuilding of battered black communities even before freedom came, Klaaste was ahead of his time and even predated Nelson Mandela. Klaaste preferred to do what was right and not be shackled to any ideology. In doing so, he angered many people who felt his thinking was derailing the struggle for freedom. But Klaaste stressed that nation building was ideologically neutral and was meant for everyone. By contradicting prevailing political orthodoxy, he very likely risked his own life. But, like a true leader, he stuck to his convictions. Klaaste was exemplary in calling for reconciliation and building when others called for breaking. Ten years after he died, as the country still grapples with issues he raised in his popular weekly column On The Line, it is worth appraising his thinking and actions. The thesis also looks at the environment that influenced his thinking. His life is interwoven with South African history. That he began his adult life shakily, spending his days in a drunken stupor at Johannesburg shebeens to being awarded the Order for Meritorious Service for his outstanding community work, makes him an interesting subject to look at. It’s a story of a man who vanquished his demons and, through his compassionate community engagement, became an asset to the country. It’s a story of redemption. As his private life attests, he was man with flaws – like anyone else. But Aggrey Klaaste strived to do what was right for his community at all times. He was a restless community builder.
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Provisioning Johannesburg, 1886-1906Cripps, Elizabeth Ann 02 1900 (has links)
The rapidity of Johannesburg’s growth after the discovery of payable gold in 1886 created a provisioning challenge. Lacking water transport it was dependent on animal-drawn transport until the railways arrived from coastal ports. The local near-subsistence agricultural economy was supplemented by imported foodstuffs, readily available following the industrialisation of food production, processing and distribution in the Atlantic world and the transformation of transport and communication systems by steam, steel and electricity. Improvements in food preservation techniques: canning, refrigeration and freezing also contributed. From 1895 natural disasters ˗ droughts, locust attacks, rinderpest, East Coast fever ˗ and the man-made disaster of the South African War, reduced local supplies and by the time the ZAR became a British colony in 1902 almost all food had to be imported. By 1906, though still an import economy, meat and grain supplies had recovered, and commercial agriculture was responding to the market. / History / M.A (History)
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African immigrant traders in Johannesburg inner city, South Africa : deconstructing the threatening otherMoyo, Inocent 05 1900 (has links)
African immigrants in contemporary South Africa can be perceived as a problem –
the threatening other. Based on a case study of the Johannesburg inner city, this
thesis aims to deconstruct this notion. It does so by investigating the nature and
types and contribution of African immigrant traders` businesses to the Johannesburg
inner city. In deconstructing the perception that African immigrants are the
threatening other, and being infinitely aware that perception issues and the
experiential realities hospitable to its centred on the human subject, this case study
adopted a humanist geographic and critical realist approach by deploying a
qualitative in-depth interview technique of both African immigrant and South African
traders. This thesis suggests three important outcomes. The first is that: to view all
African immigrants as the threatening other is too simplistic an assessment of an
otherwise complex and dynamic set of relationships and interrelationships amongst
and between African immigrant and South African traders. Second, some African
immigrant traders do make a meaningful contribution to the Johannesburg inner city,
whereas others do not. Third, the activities of African immigrant traders that may be
considered as a threat by a section of the population are treated as a benefit by
another. These nuanced insights and findings in this study not only render any
analysis that projects all African immigrants negatively as an incomplete appraisal,
but also suggest that it can never be correct to view them as such without capturing
the dynamics that this work suggests. Such a finding not only challenges distorted
and partial reporting by the media and also questions policies, which may be built on
the wrong assumption that all African immigrants are a problem, but also extends the
study of migration related issues in a South African context. / Geography / D. Litt. et. Phil. (Geography)
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Local government service provision and non-payment within underdeveloped communities of the Johannesburg Unicity : service providers' and consumers' perspectiveNetswera, Fulufhelo Godfrey 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (DPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South African local government literature suggests a historical problem of
municipal non-consultation in services identification and provision that goes
hand-in-hand with community non-participation in municipal activities,
coupled by a ‘culture of non-payment’ for these services. This research, which
was conducted between 2002 and 2005 in the city of Johannesburg
municipality, had the central purpose of ascertaining the manner and ways
in which the city of Johannesburg provides its basic services to the Soweto
communities and, in turn, of understanding if communities participate in
municipal activities and hold possible attitudes of non-payment for municipal
services. In order to attain the research purpose, six research questions were
identified through local government theories and literature and advanced.
The first set of four questions was aimed at the Soweto communities: How
affordable are the basic municipal services to the Soweto communities? What
are community’s perceptions of the importance of the various municipal
services? Are the communities participating in the services identification and
provision? How satisfied are the communities with the service delivery? The
second set of two questions was aimed at service providers or the municipal
services managers and councillors: What methods does the municipality use
in identifying and delivering service? What does the municipality perceive to
be their application and enforcement of service quality management
standards?
The original methodological intent was to interview the Soweto communities
and the city of Johannesburg municipal services managers and councillors.
200 Soweto households were indeed interviewed from the eight townships of
Chiawelo, Diepkloof, Dobsonville, Dube, Jabulani, Meadowlands, Naledi and
Orlando, which were randomly selected. The survey amongst the heads of
these 200 households was followed by four focus group meetings at Chiawelo, Dobsonville, Dube and Meadowlands and between five and eleven households
participated in the discussions in clarifying survey outcomes. It was only
possible, however, to interview three service managers from the city of
Johannesburg services utilities Pikitup, Johannesburg Water and the
Contract Management Unit.
Frustrated attempts to interview municipal councillors in the city of
Johannesburg led to obtaining permission for proxy interviews from the MEC
of Local Government and Traffic Safety in Mpumalanga municipalities of
Govan Mbeki and Emalahleni and the inclusion of the KwaZulu-Natal
municipality of Emnambithi. The usage of proxy interviews is thought to be
relevant since the perceptions on service provision relate to the application
and implementation of the uniform countrywide local government structures
and systems. A total of 24 interviews were conducted with the Mpumalanga
MEC, the city of Johannesburg service managers (3), councillors (9) and
senior municipal administrators (11). In order to confirm or repudiate service
provider findings from the Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal municipalities,
supplementary interviews were held with persons knowledgeable about
service delivery in Soweto between 2002 and 2005. A total of four additional
interviews were thus conducted.
In the analysis of the community survey data, townships were classified as
well-off and worse-off on the basis of household incomes and thus
participation in municipal activities, payment of services and other attitudes
were compared between the two strata. The findings of the research reveal
low levels of ability to pay for municipal services by communities in terms of
household incomes. However, the household possessions of the living
standard measurement (LSM) utilities indicated otherwise. The use of
income as a measure of affordability to pay is suspect in methodological
reliability; hence income related findings should be interpreted with caution.
The worse-off townships preferred state provision of the basic municipal services. There was less inclination to participate in municipal structures
such as ward committees and Integrated Development Plans (IDP) processes
by the well-off townships, although they were the least satisfied with service
provision and municipal performance.
The city of Johannesburg municipality was found to be addressing service
backlogs as a method for service identification and prioritisation. The
municipality has semi-privatised basic municipal services such as water,
electricity and garbage collection through section 21 companies in order to
overcome service provision inefficiencies and ineffectiveness. This has
devastating effects in terms of the community’s inability to pay, leading to
services disconnection. Communities in general, however, believed that
service provision has improved through these utilities even though the
municipality has not finalised its performance management contracts with
the utilities.
Whereas the service provider interviews were conducted in Mpumalanga and
KwaZulu-Natal, additional telephone interviews with service provision
experts for Soweto agreed that municipal challenges throughout the country
are generally the same since they operate within relatively new policy
frameworks. It is acknowledged, however, that metropolitan municipalities
and specifically the city of Johannesburg face some unique challenges too. It
is concluded that the central role of the local government as the custodian of
basic municipal services cannot be disputed; however, the inefficiencies and
ineffectiveness of the market forces require private-public partnerships. It
can also be concluded that non-participation is an outcome of, among other
things, poor participative capacity within communities, apathy, feelings of
distrust of both the municipal institutions and municipal councillors and the
lack of information regarding community obligations to municipal
institutions. The research recommends the use of similar service utilities in both
townships and former white suburban areas in order to overcome the
perceptions of the municipal services level disparities that are formed on the
basis of townships versus white suburban areas; an overhaul of the
municipality’s billing system to overcome its debt and service charges
collection problems; ward committee participation capacity improvement for
both the municipal councillors and communities and the development and
communication of clear guidelines on the roles of regional services
management centres.
Further research is recommended on, among other things, whether
privatisation of municipal services results in better access by all and
improves efficiency and payments, and on the functionality and effectiveness
of ward committees as vehicles for community participation and in
developing new and more reliable socio-economic modelling for assessing
community ability to pay for government services. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Uit ’n literatuuroorsig van plaaslike regering in Suid-Afrika het dit geblyk
dat daar ’n historiese probleem van nie-oorlegpleging by die identifisering en
lewering van dienste deur munisipaliteite bestaan. Hierdie probleem gaan
hand aan hand met niedeelname aan munisipale aktiwiteite deur
gemeenskappe en ’n kultuur van “geenbetaling” vir dienste gelewer. Die
hoofdoel van hierdie navorsing, wat tussen 2002 en 2005 in die stad
Johannesburg gedoen is, was om vas te stel hoe die stad se munisipaliteit
basiese dienste aan Soweto lewer en of daar enige gemeenskapsdeelname aan
aktiwiteite is en of gemeenskappe ’n geenbetaling-houding inneem. Om die
navorsingsdoel te bereik is ses vrae deur middel van literatuur en teorieë oor
plaaslike regering geïdentifiseer.
Die eerste vier vrae is gemik op gemeenskappe in Soweto: Hoe bekostigbaar
is die basiese munisipale dienste aan die gemeenskappe in Soweto? Wat is
die gemeenskap se mening oor die belangrikheid van die onderskeie
munisipale dienste? Het gemeenskappe deel aan die identifisering en
lewering van dienste? Hoe tevrede is die gemeenskappe met dienslewering?
Die laaste twee vrae is gemik op die diensleweraars of munisipaledienstebestuurders
en raadslede: Watter metodes gebruik die munisipaliteit om
dienste te identifiseer en te lewer? Wat beskou die munisipaliteit as op hulle
van toepassing sover dit die afdwingbaarheid van kwaliteitstandaarde in die
lewering van dienste en bestuur betref?
Oorspronklik was die doel om onderhoude te voer met gemeenskappe in
Soweto sowel as munisipaledienste-bestuurders en raadslede van
Johannesburg. Onderhoude met hoofde van 200 huishoudings in Soweto is
wel gevoer. Hierdie huishoudings is ewekansig uit Chiawelo, Diepkloof,
Dobsonville, Dube, Jabulani, Meadowlands, Naledi en Orlando gekies. Die
onderhoude is gevolg deur vier fokusgroepvergaderings te Chiawelo, Dobsonville, Dube en Meadowlands, en tussen vyf en elf huishoudings het
aan besprekings deelgeneem ten einde duidelikheid te verkry oor bevindinge
van die ondersoek. Dit was egter net moontlik om onderhoude met drie
dienstebestuurders van die stad Johannesburg te voer, naamlik Pikitup,
Johannesburg Water en die Kontrak Bestuursgroep.
Verskeie vrugtelose pogings om onderhoude met raadslede te bekom het
uiteindelik gelei tot die verkryging van toestemming vir plaasvervangende
onderhoude met die LUR vir die Plaaslike Regering sowel as
Verkeersveiligheid in die volgende munisipaliteite: Govan Mbeki en
Emalahleni in Mpumalanga en Emnambithi in KwaZulu-Natal. Hierdie
plaasvervangende onderhoude is as toepaslik beskou, aangesien die menings
oor dienslewering te doen het met die toepassing en implementering van die
uniforme landswye plaaslikeregering-strukture en -stelsels wat dus op
Soweto ook van toepassing is. ’n Totaal van 24 onderhoude is gevoer met die
Mpumalanga-LUR (1), die dienstebestuurders van die stad Johannesburg (3),
raadslede (9) en senior munisipale administrateurs (11). Om die bevindinge
van die Mpumulanga- en KwaZulu-Natal-munisipaliteite te bevestig of te
weerlê, is aanvullende onderhoude met persone wat kennis van
dienslewering in Soweto het tussen 2002 en 2005 gevoer. Altesaam vier
addisionele onderhoude is dus gevoer.
Tydens die ontleding van die gemeenskapsdata is gemeenskappe as gegoed of
minder gegoed geklassifiseer op grond van huishoudelike inkomste en dus is
deelname aan munisipale aktiwiteite, betaling vir dienste en ander
gesindhede tussen die twee strata vergelyk. Daar is bevind dat min mense
munisipale dienste kan bekostig in terme van huishoudelike inkomste, maar
dat huishoudelike besittings wat lewenstandaard bepaal op die
teenoorgestelde dui. Die gebruik van huishoudelike inkomste as ’n maatstaf
van die vermoë om te betaal is ’n aanvaarbare metode, maar moet tog met
omsigtigheid benader word. Die gemeenskap wat die slegste daaraan toe was, verkies dat die staat basiese munisipale dienste voorsien. ’n Laer geneigdheid
tot deelname aan munisipale strukture soos wykskomitees en geïntegreerde
ontwikkelingsplanne is by die meer gegoede gemeenskappe aangetref, hoewel
hulle die grootste ontevredenheid toon met dienslewering en munisipale
werkverrigting.
Daar is gevind dat die munisipaliteit van die stad Johannesburg die
agterstand in dienste aangespreek het as metode om dienste te identifiseer
en te prioritiseer. Om die probleem van oneffektiewe en ondoeltreffende
dienste te oorkom, maak die munisipaliteit gebruik van artikel 21-
maatskappye vir dienste soos water, elektrisiteit en vullisverwydering. Dit lei
tot die beëindiging van die dienste van gemeenskappe wat nie kan betaal nie.
Oor die algemeen is inwoners egter van mening dat dienste deur hierdie
maatskappye verbeter is, hoewel die munisipaliteit nog nie sy
prestasiebestuurkontrakte met hierdie maatskappye gefinaliseer het nie.
Terwyl die onderhoude met diensverskaffers in Mpumalanga en KwaZulu-
Natal gevoer is, is verdere telefoniese onderhoude met kundiges op die gebied
van dienslewering in Soweto gevoer. Laasgenoemde het saamgestem dat
munisipaliteite regoor die land oor die algemeen voor dieselfde uitdagings te
staan kom, omdat hulle binne relatief nuwe beleidsraamwerke funksioneer.
Daar word egter toegegee dat stedelike (metropolitaanse) munisipaliteite, en
spesifiek die stad Johannesburg, ook met sekere unieke uitdagings te kampe
het. Die gevolgtrekking waartoe gekom is, is dat die rol van plaaslike
regering as die toesighouer oor basiese munisipale dienste nie betwis kan
word nie, hoewel oneffektiwiteit en ondoeltreffendheid privaat vennootskappe
vereis. ’n Verdere gevolgtrekking is dat niedeelname onder andere ’n gevolg
is van ’n gebrek aan deelnemende kapasiteit binne gemeenskappe, apatie,
wantroue in munisipale instellings en raadslede, en ’n gebrek aan inligting
rakende gemeenskappe se verpligtinge jeens munisipale instellings. Die navorsing beveel aan dat gelyke dienste gelewer word in swart
gemeenskappe en in tradisioneel wit gemeenskappe ten einde die siening dat
daar onderskeid getref word, te verander. Daar behoort ook ’n hersiening van
die munisipaliteit se rekeningestelsel te wees ten einde die
skuldinvorderingsprobleme uit die weg te ruim. Deelnemende kapasiteit vir
raadslede en gemeenskappe binne wyke moet verbeter word. Duidelike
riglyne oor die rol van streeksdienstebestuursentrums moet ontwikkel en aan
gemeenskappe oorgedra word.
Verdere navorsing word aanbeveel om te bepaal of die privatisering van
dienste tot beter toegang vir almal sal lei en of dit doeltreffendheid en
betaling sal verbeter. Die funksionaliteit en effektiwiteit van wykskomitees
as meganisme vir gemeenskapsbetrokkenheid sowel as die ontwikkeling van
nuwe en meer betroubare sosio-ekonomiese modelle vir die bepaling van
gemeenskapsvermoë om vir dienste te betaal, behoort ook ondersoek te word.
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South-south migration: an ethnographic study of an Indian business district in JohannesburgYengde, Suraj January 2016 (has links)
A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,
to fulfil the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
Johannesburg 2016 / Fordsburg, in central Johannesburg (Joburg) is a globally connected locality hosting 15-20
thousand visitors every month from all over the world. Fordsburg is a microcosm of
Johannesburg’s cosmopolitanism and bears a distinctly South Asian flavour. With a growing
south Asian and Indian presence, it has assumed the name ‘Indian market of Johannesburg’.
The dedication of the shopkeepers to keep prices low and the options of good bargains for
consumers has helped the area to develop its own identity. The passion to rise upwards among
newly arrived south Asian migrants marks the mood throughout Fordsburg market.1 This thesis
will provide insights on Fordsburg as an area for Indian businesses deriving stories of
businessmen, and labourers from various backgrounds, professions and nationalities. [No abstract provided. Information taken from introduction] / MT2017
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Assessment of municipal sources of revenue: a study of city of Johannesburg Metropolitan MunicipalityMathang, Ruby Francisco January 2016 (has links)
Submitted in fulfilment of Masters in Development Planning, Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment, School of Architecture and Planning, University of the Witwatersrand, 2016 / The purpose of the thesis is to assess municipal own sources of revenue in the Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. Section 229 of the Constitution of South Africa states that municipalities may impose rates on property and surcharges on fees for services provided by the municipality or on behalf of the municipality.
The primary data obtained from the City of Johannesburg facilitated the assessment of property tax and user fees revenue performance of the municipality as well as the challenges in the administration of revenue. A case study approach was used and the data required was on assessment of property tax and user fees revenue performance of the municipality as well as the challenges in the administration of revenue. Data was therefore collected from the primary data sources.This research shed the light on challenges that the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality encounter in the process of tax rate and charges administration in order to raise enough revenue to cover the cost of service delivery.
Findings in relation to revenue collection were based on the information obtained from a user’s survey, the department of revenue, head of property unit, MMC finance and the executive mayor. Amongst other challenges that affect the CoJ own source of revenue, is the issue of property valuation and billing system which is to allow the city to charges tax payers according to property market value. In addition, there is no proper line of communication between the city and the community about the necessity of property tax rates and fee charges. Hence, some members of local community are not fulfilling their property tax obligations because of poverty or by preference.
Observations from the study indicates that practical difficulties related to tax base identification and the lack of human capacity contribute significantly to the underperformance of the property tax administration system across South Africa as a whole. The inadequate records on property information have contributed to the inefficiency of the property tax system since many taxable units are not known, and therefore, it becomes difficult for the taxing authorities to collect property tax. Consequently, the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality is unable to collect enough revenue to cover the cost of service delivery. In order to rectify these problems some of the measures recommended include the need to improve human capacity and the communication/collaboration between local community and the municipality. / MT2017
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African immigrant traders in Johannesburg inner city, South Africa : deconstructing the threatening otherMoyo, Inocent 05 1900 (has links)
African immigrants in contemporary South Africa can be perceived as a problem –
the threatening other. Based on a case study of the Johannesburg inner city, this
thesis aims to deconstruct this notion. It does so by investigating the nature and
types and contribution of African immigrant traders` businesses to the Johannesburg
inner city. In deconstructing the perception that African immigrants are the
threatening other, and being infinitely aware that perception issues and the
experiential realities hospitable to its centred on the human subject, this case study
adopted a humanist geographic and critical realist approach by deploying a
qualitative in-depth interview technique of both African immigrant and South African
traders. This thesis suggests three important outcomes. The first is that: to view all
African immigrants as the threatening other is too simplistic an assessment of an
otherwise complex and dynamic set of relationships and interrelationships amongst
and between African immigrant and South African traders. Second, some African
immigrant traders do make a meaningful contribution to the Johannesburg inner city,
whereas others do not. Third, the activities of African immigrant traders that may be
considered as a threat by a section of the population are treated as a benefit by
another. These nuanced insights and findings in this study not only render any
analysis that projects all African immigrants negatively as an incomplete appraisal,
but also suggest that it can never be correct to view them as such without capturing
the dynamics that this work suggests. Such a finding not only challenges distorted
and partial reporting by the media and also questions policies, which may be built on
the wrong assumption that all African immigrants are a problem, but also extends the
study of migration related issues in a South African context. / Geography / D. Litt. et. Phil. (Geography)
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Struggle in discourse the International's discourse against racism in the labour-movement in South Africa (1915-1919)Caldwell, Marc Anthony January 1997 (has links)
The International, as the weekly newspaper of the International Socialist League, articulated from 1915 to 1919 an ideology which stood opposed both to organised labour and nationalist movements in South Africa. This situation reflected significant historical struggles during this period, which constitutes essential background to the discourse of the International. The International's writers opposed the institution of trade unionism in the labour movement because it was fragmented on the lines of skill and race. They opposed both the National Party and the South African Native National Congress because they advocated racial (and national) rather than working class interests. Instead, these writers, according to their international socialist paradigm, advocated a working class united irrespective of race and skill at the level of industry. To analyse these ideological positions, discourse analysis provides a fruitful method for locating its dynamics in relation to other positions and extra-ideological (contextual) practices: The International's writers g~nerated a socialist position against racism by engaging in an ideological struggle in discourse. They articulated their anti-racist position from international socialism's critique of the 'languages' of both militarism and trade unionism in the discourse of labour. Within the discourse of militarism, the working class was signified as divided between hostile nations. These writers applied this as a metaphor to the division of the local labour movement and criticised the latter accordingly. In their view, just as workers were divided between the nations (nationalism), so they were divided within the nation (racism) in South Africa. One context cohered with the other, and both agreed with imperatives of international capitalism. This was fundamentally opposed to the principles of international socialism which characterised the International's discourse. Within the dominant discourse oflabour, workers were signified as divided between different trade unions on the basis of skills. Furthermore, in the South African context, trade unions organised only white workers, and ignored the far larger proportion of black labour. In this context, the International advocated industrial unionism, and criticised the narrow base of the white trade unions for fragmenting and weakening the working class in South African. The International's writers were thus led by the discourse of international socialism to a new discourse, whereby not white workers alone, but a racially-united working class movement would be the key to a socialist future in South Africa. Their struggle entailed a bid in and over discourse to rearticulate the sign of the 'native worker' within their own discourse as the dominant discourse type. Underpinning their struggle was a fundamental opposition to capitalist class relations.
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Barriers to managing environmental education projects in Alexandra township primary and secondary schoolsMawela, Ailwei Solomon 12 April 2018 (has links)
Successful management of Environmental Education (EE) projects in schools is essential as it enhances teaching and learning in different subjects. The fact that EE is not a subject on its own, but is integrated into other subjects, has many detrimental effects with regard to the management of EE projects in schools. There are several barriers attached to the poor management of EE globally, in Africa and in South Africa. This study explored barriers to managing EE projects in Alexandra Township primary and secondary schools. This study was underpinned by total quality management theory. The research method used in the study followed a qualitative interpretative approach and data collection methods included a literature study, Participatory observation and open-ended questionnaires in order to examine the barriers to managing EE projects. Participants in the study were school principals, educators, subject facilitators and Institutional Development Support Officers (IDSOs). Findings indicated that, although school have EE projects, but there is a lack of competency and expertise in managing EE projects in schools. Non-governmental organisations are key role plays with expertise and competency in managing EE projects in schools. The study further indicated limited support offered by subject facilitators and IDSOs on how to manage EE projects in schools. However, there are number of factors that hinder successful management of EE projects in schools: these include lack of integration of EE into other subjects, lack of funds and other required resources, lack of time, and inadequate training. It was concluded that there were no systems in place that acted as a guideline for school principals and educators to overcome the barriers in EE project management in schools. It was concluded that school principals, educators and stakeholders, including subject facilitators and IDSO’s should work together in managing EE projects in schools. Hence, this study calls attention to the provision of in-service training for EE project management for school principals, educators, subject facilitators and IDSOs. Further, more relevant resources should be provided to schools in order to manage EE projects. / Science and Technology Education / D. Ed. (Didactics)
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