<p>Abstract</p><p>Exploring two main lines of inquiry, this dissertation investigates the style and aesthetic of the music of Joseph Joachim (1831-1907) and its references to composers such as Brahms, Liszt, Schumann, and Beethoven. First, rather than simply accepting the image of Joachim as the great nineteenth-century violinist and collaborator of Johannes Brahms who advocated the "canonization of the music of Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms," I ask who Joachim was in light of his own compositions and literary circle. Especially significant was his "soul mate" Gisela von Arnim (daughter of Bettine von Arnim), from the second generation of two major literary "institutions" - the Grimm brothers and Arnim/Brentano, the Des Knaben Wunderhorn-collectors. Joachim and Gisela's literary role-play throws light on her function as his inspiration and muse. Second, each chapter investigates Joachim's works as "psychological music," the term he himself applied. Given that psychology was not yet an established academic discipline in the 1850s, Joachim's use of "psychological" is all the more intriguing. </p><p>Sources including archival letters, manuscripts, and Joachim's published correspondence, as well as his compositions from (or begun) in the 1850s, reveal that "psychological music" was both a compositional approach and an aesthetic. Extensively using ciphers, anagrams, song quotations, literary titles and allusions, and occasionally melodramatic elements, Joachim's compositional aesthetic conflicted with his "absolute" aesthetic as a violinist in the later 19th century. </p><p>Joachim's relatively strict use of form, his idiosyncratic use of "motivic transformation," and his expressive studies of literary/historical characters in his overtures separated him from Liszt. Furthermore, while Joachim navigated harmony in ways criticized by Louis Spohr and contemporary critics as "ear-tearing harshness" (1852), the composer maintained an almost consistently symmetrical ("four-square") syntax. Joachim's "psychological" aesthetic was typified by idiosyncratic, individual stylistic features like "trapped motives," captured by (sometimes obsessive) repetition, and he applied ciphers much more conspicuously than did Schumann. In the end, Joachim's "psychological music" displays three overarching features: first, extramusical programs from autobiographical and/or literary contexts; second, the implicit or explicit dedication of the works to Gisela von Arnim; and third, supporting correspondence marking the work as an "outlet" for Joachim's self-perceived, psychological inner turmoil.</p> / Dissertation

Joseph Joachim Raff, a nineteenth-century composer of Swiss-German descent, emerged during the 1870's as one of the leading composers of the symphony and was heralded by his peers as the successor to the symphonic tradition of Schumann. Of the eleven symphonies published between 186U and 1883, nine are program symphonies. Hired as an amanuensis by Liszt during the latter part of 181+9, Raff became involved in the New Weimar School surrounding Liszt, but disenchantment with their dogmas and a need to preserve his own identity caused Raff to resign his position with Liszt in 1856. Although his symphonies reflect the programmatic philosophy of the Weimar school, they also maintain a strong affinity to the classicism of Beethoven, a quality inherent in Raff's more conservative outlook. In order to become familiar with this large body of orchestral literature which is virtually unknown today, both a programmatic and formal analysis for each symphony has been presented, although in some instances the two could not be separated. The symphonies have been grouped according to related programmatic content. Because of the wider acceptance of symphonies 1, 3 and 5 during Raff's lifetime and the programmatic relationship of nos. 6 and 7 to these, form and thematic charts have been correlated with their more detailed, analyses. The other symphonies discussed are nos. 8-11 which comprise the Seasons cycle. These were Raff's last symphonic works which he composed between 1876-79

No description available.

Historisk informerte framføringer av klassisk musikk blir en mer og mer vanlig tilnærmingsmetode for moderne musikere. Denne oppgaven utforsker ulike aspekter av en slik innstuderingsprosess. Oppgaven beskriver hvordan kunnskap om romantisk tolkningstradisjon og spillestil kan berike og frigjøre musikeren, men problematiserer samtidig aspekter som tradisjon og stilmessig korrekthet. Som grunnlag for denne diskusjonen ligger Johannes Brahms sonate i Ess-dur for bratsj og klaver, samt tre forskjellige innspillinger gjort av fiolinisten Joseph Joachim i 1903. Ved hjelp av disse kildene viser jeg hvordan man kan tenkes at denne sonaten kunne blitt tolket i Brahms sin samtid, og diskuterer videre hvordan jeg vil tolke sonaten selv i lys av denne kunnskapen. Resultatet er en informert framføring av sonaten, hvor jeg har tatt i betraktning den romantiske spillestilen, men ikke på bekostning av min selvstendige tolkning av verket.

Die zentrale Fragestellung dieser Arbeit ist, welche Impulse der Konzertagent Hermann Wolff (1845-1902) dem Berliner Musikleben im Zeitraum zwischen der Gründung seiner Konzertdirektion 1880 und seinem Tod 1902 gab. Um diese Frage zu beantworten, werden seine Tätigkeit und sein Wirkungskreis untersucht und Umfang, Grad sowie die Natur seines Einflusses ausgewertet. Diese Arbeit weist nach, dass sich der Einfluss seiner Tätigkeit auf das Berliner Musikleben nicht nur in der Quantität der stattgefundenen Konzerte, sondern auch in ihrer künstlerischen Qualität und in ihrem Inhalt (Programmgestaltung, Aufführende, Konzertstätten, Programmhefterstellung usw.) zeigt. Sie legt auch dar, dass er zwischen den damaligen europäischen Musikmetropolen einen Personen- und Informationsaustausch vermittelte und dadurch bei der Entstehung eines Standards im Konzertleben eine wichtige Rolle spielte.

80 percent of Clara Schumann‘s playbills in her complete collection of concert programmes (Robert-Schumann-Haus Zwickau) include vocal participation of solo singers, choirs or actors. The question is to which extent Clara Schumann used to accompany these vocal contributions herself on the piano. Only rarely are other accompanists named on the concert playbills, but evidence from concert reviews suggests that these vocal contributions normally served as rests for the solo pianist. Sometimes separate accompanists are named in the concert reviews. In orchestral concerts it was usually the conductor who accompanied solo songs on the piano, not the solo pianist. The Popular Concerts in St. James’s Hall in London were chamber concerts, which had a regular accompanist who was labelled as „conductor“ though there was no orchestra participating. These accompanists sometimes also performed with instrumentalists, e. g. basso continuo music from the 18th century or piano reductions of orchestral concerts.