Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2009. / Adviser: Jay Corzine. Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-224).

abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between childhood maltreatment and juvenile homicide offending. Specifically, this study compared a sample of maltreated male juvenile homicide offenders (N = 51) with non-maltreated male juvenile homicide offenders (N = 364) among the following areas: familial dysfunction and disorganization, mental health issues, academic functioning, prior delinquency, substance abuse and homicide-related crime characteristics. Data was obtained from the following aggregate sources: Supervision Risk Classification Instrument (SRCI), the State Attorney's Recommendation form (SAR), the Predisposition Report (PR), and the Massachusetts Juveniles Screening Instrument 2 (MAYSI-2). Chi square and t-tests were then utilized to compare the two groups and preform analyses. Maltreated male juvenile homicide offenders significantly differed from non-maltreated male juvenile homicide offenders in terms of familial dysfunction and disorganization, academic functioning, prior delinquency and homicide-related crime characteristics. As a result of these significant differences, tailored prevention and treatment efforts were discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S.W. Social Work 2011

This research analyzed all juveniles involved in a homicide, both victims and offenders, in the city of Dallas, Texas from the years 1988 through 1997. This study addressed several research questions including the identification of risk factors common to both victims and offenders. Data for this study was obtained from the homicide files of the Dallas Police Department. The findings in part identify specific profiles of the victims and offenders, as well as identifying comparisons of risk factors between the two groups. Also identified are the relationships between the offenders and victims. Conclusions from this research present implications for law enforcement agencies, as well as furthering the etiology of juvenile homicide.

In 2007, juveniles were involved in a minimum of 1,063 murders in the United States (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2008), and a concern over juvenile homicide offenders remains. While increasingly more macrolevel research on juvenile homicide offending has been accumulated, particularly since the 1980s, research focusing on macrolevel correlates of juvenile homicides is still relatively scarce (MacDonald & Gover, 2005; Ousey & Campbell Augustine, 2001). In the first part of this study, several variables relating to the offender, victim, setting, and precursors to the homicide by race and gender were examined in order to provide details on the context of youth homicides between 1965 and 1995 in Chicago. The Homicides in Chicago, 1965-1995 data set and Census data for 1970, 1980, and 1990 were used in this study. The results indicate that changes in youth homicides over the 31-year time period involved increases in lethal gang altercations, particularly among Latinos, and increases in the use of automatic weapons. Young females had very little impact on homicide rates in Chicago. The second part of the study examined whether measures of social disorganization can aid in the prediction of homicides committed by youths, and a total of ten negative binomial models were run. The results of the analyses in the three time periods indicate that racial/ethnic heterogeneity, educational deprivation, unemployment, and family disruption are significantly and positively related to homicides. Foreign-born population and median household income were found to be significantly and negatively related to homicides. The significant indicators of social disorganization varied in the seven models for the disaggregated groups. Overall, the results reflect support for social disorganization theory. Limitations, suggestion for future research, and policy implications are also addressed.

Juvenile homicide offenders pose a significant risk to society considering the severity of the crime, yet this population of delinquents receives little attention in terms of recidivism research. This study examined the recidivism outcomes of a group of 256 determinately sentenced homicide offenders in Texas. Each of these juveniles had be confined to and subsequently release from the Texas Youth Commission, and were followed for three years following release. The aim of this research study was to distinguish recidivists from non-recidivists across demographic, delinquent history, and risk factor measures. These same measures were then used to predict recidivism among the entire sample. Overall, the measures of race, gender, and previous delinquent adjudications emerged significant. First, Black youth were significantly more likely to recidivate than both Hispanic and White youth. Additionally, recidivism among males was significantly greater than non-recidivism among males. In contrast, there were fewer females in recidivist group than the non-recidivist group. Finally, youth with a greater number of previous delinquent adjudications were significantly more likely to recidivate, and the risk of recidivism increased as the number of previous adjudications increased. These findings are consistent with previous literature and indicate that these factors are prevalent in analyzing the recidivist behavior of determinately sentenced juvenile homicide offenders.

Entre tiros, drogas, e aspirações sociais e financeiras, vítimas de um sistema social excludente tornam-se homicidas da noite para o dia, engrossando as estatísticas da criminalidade no Brasil. O presente trabalho, calcado na Teoria Econômica do Crime, investiga os principais determinantes socioeconômicos da criminalidade nos estados brasileiros, entre 2001 e 2005, considerando duas principais modalidades: mercado de drogas ilícitas e homicídios entre jovens. Realizando estimações através de dados em painel, a exemplo de estudos nacionais e internacionais, foi observado entre os resultados que aspectos sociais e econômicos exercem influência sobre o comportamento racional do criminoso, especialmente os indicadores de urbanização, educação e desemprego. / Trapped between shootings, illicit drugs and hopes of social escalation, the victims of an exclusionary social system become murderers overnight, swelling the criminal statistics in Brazil. This work, inspired by the Economic Theory of Crime, investigates the main social and economic determining factors of crime rates in the states of Brazil between the years of 2001 and 2005, in the two most reoccurring types: the market of illegal drugs and juvenile homicide. In the manner of other Brazilian and foreign studies, Panel Data was used to observe that the social and economical environment significantly influence the criminal behavior specially where urbanization, education and unemployment are concerned

Entre tiros, drogas, e aspirações sociais e financeiras, vítimas de um sistema social excludente tornam-se homicidas da noite para o dia, engrossando as estatísticas da criminalidade no Brasil. O presente trabalho, calcado na Teoria Econômica do Crime, investiga os principais determinantes socioeconômicos da criminalidade nos estados brasileiros, entre 2001 e 2005, considerando duas principais modalidades: mercado de drogas ilícitas e homicídios entre jovens. Realizando estimações através de dados em painel, a exemplo de estudos nacionais e internacionais, foi observado entre os resultados que aspectos sociais e econômicos exercem influência sobre o comportamento racional do criminoso, especialmente os indicadores de urbanização, educação e desemprego. / Trapped between shootings, illicit drugs and hopes of social escalation, the victims of an exclusionary social system become murderers overnight, swelling the criminal statistics in Brazil. This work, inspired by the Economic Theory of Crime, investigates the main social and economic determining factors of crime rates in the states of Brazil between the years of 2001 and 2005, in the two most reoccurring types: the market of illegal drugs and juvenile homicide. In the manner of other Brazilian and foreign studies, Panel Data was used to observe that the social and economical environment significantly influence the criminal behavior specially where urbanization, education and unemployment are concerned

Orientador: Roberto Luiz do Carmo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T14:23:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manetta_Alex_D.pdf: 2981876 bytes, checksum: 019aa85583b582456fe17d20407542ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Há décadas o homicídio juvenil masculino tem sido vislumbrado como um fenômeno em expansão no Brasil. A demografia, como campo por excelência dos estudos da população, contribui nesse debate não somente através do reconhecimento das unidades espaciais, dos períodos e dos segmentos da população particularmente afetados por esse tipo específico de violência. Partindo das concepções teóricas que associaram - em décadas passadas - o processo de transição da estrutura etária ao agravo nas condições de ocupação laboral e às tendências de elevação das taxas de homicídio para a população juvenil masculina, procura-se avaliar se o momento atual da dinâmica sócio-demográfica poderia ainda hoje estar potencializando contextos propícios à disseminação de formas não convencionais de inserção socioeconômica, o que inclui a integração de homens jovens na criminalidade urbana violenta. A diversidade de fatores reconhecidos no debate atual sobre a expansão da criminalidade e da violência juvenil homicida no Brasil sugeriu uma análise multiescalar através da qual a população juvenil masculina e os sub-espaços urbanos relativamente desassistidos pelo poder público estariam servindo como recursos úteis à expansão de economias transnacionais do ilícito. Dentro dessa perspectiva vislumbra-se a disseminação da violência letal entre homens jovens em Brasília (DF)/Entorno de Brasília (GO) como manifestação essencialmente ligada à disseminação de oportunidades de reprodução social e econômica através da integração à circuitos transnacionais do crime, visto que a elevação recente (2000/2010) das taxas de homicídio juvenil masculino não corresponde aos períodos caracterizados pelo crescimento proporcional e absoluto da população jovem e nem mesmo pelo agravo nas condições de ocupação laboral formal e remunerada. Com o intuito de melhor vislumbrar a relevância dos aspectos sócio-demográficos nesse processo, utiliza-se uma contraposição entre as dinâmicas recentemente observadas em Brasília/Entorno de Brasília e em Parecis/Alto Teles Pires (MT), sub-região mato-grossense marcada pelo crescimento absoluto e proporcional da população de homens jovens, onde o homicídio juvenil masculino não aparece como tendência contemporânea predominante / Abstract: For decades the male juvenile homicide has been envisioned as a booming phenomenon in Brazil. The demography, as a field of study par excellence of the population, contributes to this debate not only through recognition of spatial units, periods and segments of the population particularly affected by this particular type of violence. Based on the theoretical concepts associated with that - in past decades - the transition in age structure to the offense in terms of occupation and employment trends of rising homicide rates for young male population, attempts to assess whether the current time dynamics socio-demographic could still be leveraging contexts conducive to the spread of unconventional ways of socioeconomic status, which includes the integration of young men in violent urban crime. A variety of factors recognized in the current debate over the expansion of crime and youth violence homicide in Brazil suggested a multiscale analysis whereby the male youth population and sub-urban areas relatively underserved by the government would serve as useful resources for expansion transnational illicit economies. Within this perspective glimpses the spread of lethal violence among young men in Brasília (DF)/Entorno de Brasília (GO) as a manifestation essentially linked to the spread of opportunities for social and economic reproduction through integrating the circuits transnational crime, since the recent high (2000/2010) of male juvenile homicide rates does not correspond to periods characterized by absolute and proportional growth of the youth population and even by worsening conditions in formal employment and gainful occupation. In order to better discern the relevance of socio-demographic aspects in this process uses up a contrast between the dynamics recently observed in Brasilia/Entorno de Brasilia and Parecis/Alto Teles Pires (MT), sub-region of Mato Grosso marked by the absolute and proportional growth of the young men population, where the male juvenile homicide does not appear as an dominant contemporary trend / Doutorado / Demografia / Doutor em Demografia