Acacia holosericea A. Cunn. Ex G. Don (Velvet Leaf Wattle, Family Mimosaceae) is indigenous to Australia and holds promise as a novel cut foliage crop due to its silvery green silky phyllodes. Insufficient water uptake, possibly due to low stem hydraulic conductivity (Kh), is potentially responsible for early wilting and desiccation of phyllodes and limiting vase life. This study aimed to characterize the anatomy of stem xylem conduits and determine cation (K+ and Ca2+) mediated stem Kh. Differential localization of Ca2+ in xylem vessels and the effects of KCl and CaCl2 salts as cation contributors in vase solutions were also evaluated for their effects on cut foliage longevity. Anatomical characteristics of stem xylem conduits were studied using light, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tracheids and vessels with simple perforation plates were the principal water conducting cells. SEM and TEM revealed bordered vestured intervessel pits in xylem conduits. Vestures were branched and coralloid-like structures. Xylem conduit lengths were assessed by ink perfusion. The majority of conduits (89%) were short (1 to 5 cm), and only ~ 2% were long (15 to 16 cm). Mean conduit diameter was 77 ± 0.9 µm, with 29% of conduits in the range 70 to 80 µm. Effects of S-carvone (0, 0.318, and 0.636 mM), a monoterpene inhibitor of wound-healing enzyme inhibitor found in caraway (Carum carvi) and dill (Anethum graveoleus) seeds, on several native Australian, non-proteaceous cut flower and foliage species including A. holosericea (Mimosaceae), Baeckea frutescens (Myrtaceae), Chamelaucium uncinatum cv. ‘Mullering Brook’ (Myrtaceae), and the non-native Chrysanthemum sp. cv. ‘Dark Splendid Reagan’ (Asteraceae) were examined. As comparator treatments regular recutting of stem ends and use of standard tap water (STW: 0.7 mM CaCl2, 1.5 mM NaHCO3, and 0.05 mM CuSO4 in vases) were tested. S-Carvone treatments significantly (P≤0.05) extended the vase life of B. frutescens and C. uncinatum, constituting the first report of positive S-carvone effects on the vase life of Myrtaceous species. S-Carvone at 0.318 and 0.636 mM did not have antibacterial effects against Bacillus cereus (the main vase solution microbe) either in vitro or in the vase solution. Regular recutting of stem ends consistently improved all vase life parameters [viz. relative fresh weight (RFW), solution uptake, and vase life] in the three native species examined. STW had a positive effect on RFW and solution uptake only for A. holosericea cut foliage. Effects of di- and monovalent cations (Ca2+ as CaCl2 and K+ as KCl) on stem Kh of cut stem segments were studied. Abundance of Ca2+ on pit membranes versus xylem lumen wall surfaces was investigated using a novel low vacuum (LV) SEM plus energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis technique. Both salts (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mM KCl or CaCl2) did not significantly increase stem Kh compared to the corresponding deionised (DI) water controls (experiment 1). Highest increase in Kh was with KCl and CaCl2 at 10 and 1 mM, respectively. Increases in Kh with 100 mM KCl and CaCl2 were significant over DI water (experiment 2) for long (10 and 20 cm) and short (2 and 5 cm) stem segments, respectively. Increases in Kh of 1.2- and 2.4-fold for 100 mM KCl over DI water were found with increasing stem length from 2 to 20 cm. Kh decreased as stem segment length increased from 5 to 20 cm. However, contrasting results were found with 100 mM CaCl2, where ΔKh was larger in shorter (2 cm) than longer (20 cm) segments. To prevent dislocation of ions and distortion damage to the specimens, stem pieces were first LV freeze-dried, and then carbon-coated, viewed under SEM, and analysed for elemental composition and distribution by EDX. However, the method could not identify specific calcium peaks in xylem vessels perhaps because background signals were too high, and tissue topography interfered with signal detection. Effects of KCl and CaCl2 on vase life were also tested. RFW, solution uptake, and vase life were higher with 10 mM KCl and CaCl2 in the vase solution than with 0, 1, and 100 mM. STW had a significant (P≤0.05) positive effect on RFW and solution uptake rate when tested against deionised water, 10 mM KCl and 10 mM CaCl2. Different combinations of 0.05 mM CuSO4, 10 mM CaCl2, and 10 mM KCl were also tested as vase solutions. A significant positive effect on RFW and vase life was obtained with CuSO4 alone, CaCl2 alone, and CuSO4 plus KCl. Only CuSO4 and CaCl2 gave a significant positive effect on solution uptake rate. None of the eight treatments tested showed a consistent effect on stomatal conductance or stem Kh. Overall, the research revealed that tracheids and vessels with simple perforation plates and bordered vestured intervessel pits are the principal water conducting cells in A. holosericea. LV-SEM-EDX technique was unable to assess the spatial distribution of Ca2+ on xylem vessels, but this was the first attempt to apply this technique. Also, this is the first report on the extension of vase life of B. frutescens and C. uncinatum (Myrtaceous species) using S-carvone. In vase solutions, 0.05 mM CuSO4, 10 mM KCl plus 0.05 mM CuSO4 and 10 mM CaCl2 should have positive influences on the water balance of A. holosericea cut foliage stems.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:10:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 godoi_lm_me_jabo.pdf: 221877 bytes, checksum: d6a13644f869b633dd790316dd00f0f4 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Para conhecer o potencial de plantas de cobertura no fornecimento de nitrogênio para o milho, em sistema de plantio direto, foi avaliado o N potencialmente mineralizável (N0) do solo por meio de ensaio de incubação aeróbia de longa duração e o N disponível por meio dos extratores químicos KCl a quente, Dakota do Sul modificado e tampão fosfato borato a pH 11,2. Foram utilizadas amostras de solo de experimento a campo, instalado em área de Latossolo Vermelho argiloso e conduzido em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos: testemunha com vegetação espontânea, sorgo, milheto, mucuna-preta e feijão-de-porco, e cinco repetições. A coleta de solo nas parcelas foi feita após a dessecação das plantas de cobertura e antes do cultivo de milho, nos anos agrícolas de 2007/2008 e 2008/2009. O solo coletado, representativo da profundidade de 0 a 10 cm, foi utilizado no ensaio de incubação aeróbia, em experimento em vasos, com milho, e para as análises químicas. A eficiência dos extratores foi avaliada por meio de testes de correlação, empregando como variáveis de referência o N0 e o N mineralizado acumulado por 30 semanas, obtidos no ensaio de incubação aeróbia, e a produção de matéria seca e o N acumulado na parte aérea do milho, obtidos no experimento em vasos. As plantas de cobertura não diferem entre si quanto ao potencial de fornecimento de N para o milho. O método do KCl a quente é capaz de predizer a mineralização de N, porém os métodos químicos avaliados para predizer o N disponível não são eficientes / Aiming to determine the potential of cover crops to supply nitrogen for corn in no-tillage system, it was evaluated the soil potentially mineralizable N (N0) by long-term aerobic incubation and available N by chemical extractants (hot KCl, modified South Dakota and pH 11.2 phosphate-borate buffer). Soil samples were collected from a field experiment, installed in an Udox and carried out in a randomized block design with five treatments (control with spontaneous vegetation, Sorghum bicolor, Pennicetum glaucum, Mucuna aterrima and Canavalia ensiformis) and five replications. Plots soil sampling was made after the cover crops desiccation and before growing the corn in the agricultural seasons of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. Soil samples collected from 0 to10 cm depth were used for long-term aerobic incubation, pots experiment with corn, and for soil chemical analysis. Extractants efficiency was evaluated by correlation tests, using as reference the N0 and the mineralized accumulated N over 30 weeks obtained from long-term aerobic incubation, dry matter production and N accumulated in maize shoots, obtained from pots experiment. Cover crops do not differ in their potential to supply nitrogen for corn. Hot KCl is able to predict the N mineralization but the chemical methods evaluated to predict the available nitrogen are not efficients

Content: Nowadays, tannery pollution is of great concern worldwide. The unhairing and fiber bundle-opening processes contribute the majority of the pollution by the use of sodium sulfide and calcium hydroxide, which were proposed to be replaced by neutral protease combined with (potassium chloride) KCl, (lithium bromide)LiBr/1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([AMIm]Cl) in the present work. Proper amount of KCl can speed up the unhairing with the grain not destroyed by the neutral protease. Four methods for unhairing and fiber bundle-opening were used as follows: 1. Two steps in different floats as KCl/neutral protease unhairing, followed by LiBr/[AMIm]Cl for fiber bundle-opening; 2. Two steps in different floats as neutral protease unhairing, followed by LiBr/[AMIm]Cl for fiber bundle-opening; 3. One step in the same float as neutral protease for unhairing firstly and then LiBr/[AMIm]Cl for fiber bundle-opening. 4. One step in the same float as neutral protease/KCl for unhairing firstly and then LiBr/[AMIm]Cl for fiber bundle-opening. It was found that using neutral protease/KCl solution for unhairing and LiBr/[AMIm]Cl solution for fiber bundle-opening is the best in fiber bundle-opening at the liming process. Besides, all the methods used here are better than the traditional liming processes (C) from viewpoints of unhairing and fiber bundleopening. Take-Away: 1. The addition of potassium chloride can improve the stability of neutral protease solution. 2. The catalytic efficiency of the enzyme was improved because of adding potassium chloride can enhance the contact rate of neutral protease with substrate. 3. Ionic liquids have less hydrolysis of collagen and larger dissolution of polysaccharides.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第23536号 / エネ博第427号 / 新制||エネ||81(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 石原 慶一, 教授 佐川 尚, 准教授 奥村 英之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

We examined the effects of periodic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer applications on the O horizon and mineral soil in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations over a 12-year period. To accomplish this, we used 9 experimental sites located across the south, which were grouped using the CRIFF Classification System. Group 1—CRIFF A, B (poorly-drained Ultisols); group 2—CRIFF C, D, G (sandy Spodosols and Entisols); and group 3—CRIFF E, F (well-drained Ultisols). Fertilization rates were 135, 202, and 269 kg N ha-1 at 4 years application frequency. This resulted in a cumulative N application rate of 540, 808, and 1076 kg ha-1. P was added at 10% of the N rate. Fertilization increased the mass, N content, and P content of the O horizon in all soil groups. Fertilization did not impact mineral soil N. No significant increases in total N trends were observed to a depth of 1 m. Likewise, total inorganic N (NH4+ + NO3-) was not affected by fertilization. These results suggest that N fertilization will have little effect on long-term soil N availability regardless of soil types. In contrast, fertilization increased extractable P in soil CRIFF groups 1, 2, and 3 by 26, 60, and 4 kg P ha-1 respectively suggesting potential for long-term soil P availability and site quality improvement. However, the low extractable P in soil group 3 implies additional fertilization with P for the next rotation for sites included into this soil group. / Master of Science

Le présent travail a pour but l'élaboration ainsi que la caractérisation structurale et optique de matériaux composites à base de nanocristaux semi-conducteurs à grand gap dispersés dans des matrices optiquement transparentes dans le domaine UV Visible. La première partie du travail expose la problématique du sujet à étudier et met en évidence l'actualité du travail envisagé. Elle donne un aperçu sur les propriétés optiques des nanocomposites à base de semi conducteurs et fait apparaitre les raisons justifiant le choix des matériaux adoptés pour la fabrication des nanocomposites étudiés : CdSe/KBr, CdSe/KCl, CdSe/ PMMA et ZnSe/PMMA. Dans la deuxième partie, sont développées les méthodes d'élaboration des matériaux nanocomposites élaborés (méthode de Czochralski pour les monocristaux CdSe/KBr, CdSe/KCl et méthode du spin-coating pour les couches minces CdSe/PMMA, ZnSe/PMMA). Egalement sont décrites les différentes techniques utilisées pour leur caractérisation structurale et optique. La troisième partie comporte la discussion des résultats de la caractérisation structurale par la diffraction X, la spectroscopie IR, la spectroscopie Raman, la spectroscopie de masse (AFM) et la microscopie optique (MEB). Toutes ces techniques complémentaires confirment l'incorporation des cristallites de CdSe et de ZnSe dans les matrices hôtes KBr, KCl et PMMA. La quatrième partie présente les résultats de la caractérisation optique par l'absorption optique UV-Visible, la photoluminescence ainsi que la mesure de la réponse non linéaire du second et troisième des nanocomposites élaborés. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence l'effet d'un confinement quantique induit par la taille nanométrique des cristallites des semi-conducteurs CdSe et ZnSe et l'effet de surface dont l'action se manifeste par un shift des propriétés optiques linéaires et par une exaltation des propriétés optiques non linéaires.

This thesis devotes to develop a wafer-level packaging technique of the planar AgCl-based micro reference electrode and to investigate its various electrochemical characteristics (including the potential stability and offset voltage, AC impedance, cyclic-voltammetry analysis, electrochemical noise and reproducibility). The miniaturized all-solid-state reference electrode can integrated with many biomedical or biochemical sensors for substantially reduce the dimension of the whole sensing system and improve the commercial capability of portable detecting products. This study reports firstly a smallest module of the micro reference electrode with dimension only about 9 mm (L) ¡Ñ 6 mm (W) ¡Ñ 1 mm (H) in the worldwide using the silicon bulk-micromachining technology, thin film deposition and chloridation techniques. The packaged reference electrode module is constructed by two bonded wafers with different functions. One wafer of this module is defined as ¡§electrode chip¡¨ and it has a Ti/Pd/Ag/AgCl planar quasi-reference electrode deposited on its surface. Another wafer is called as ¡§packaging chip¡¨ and it has two bulk-micromachined silicon cavities for the filling/sealing of 1.33 ~ 6.40 £gL KCl-gel (as the salt-bridge of electrode) and electrical connection. Many electrochemical characteristics of the encapsulated solid-state micro reference electrode are tested and improved for the commercial applications. Including a very stable cell potential (<4 mV in 30000 sec.), an approximately zero offset-voltage, a low AC impedance (1~20 K£[), and high reproducibility (drift less than 3~8 mV in 30000 sec. and the range of offset voltage is -6 ~ 3 mV) of the packaged micro reference electrode are demonstrated. Furthermore, stable CV curve of the packaged Ti/Pd/Ag/AgCl/KCl-gel reference electrode were proved by cyclic-voltammetry analysis and its low electrochemical noise spectrum was investigated and discussed in this work. Compared with the commercial reference electrode, the planar miniaturized AgCl reference electrode module developed in this thesis has displayed its many excellent characteristics and with a dimension only 250 times smaller than the conventional reference electrode.

SOUSA, Geocleber Gomes de Sousa. Manejos da irrigação e da abuação potássica fertirrigada e aplicada pelo método convencional na cultura do amendoim. 2011. : 82 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Fortaleza-CE, 2011. / Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-08-05T13:21:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_tese_ggsousa.pdf: 1375143 bytes, checksum: e92a56bdddf411af65ed2e8942e5c9a2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-08-05T13:22:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_tese_ggsousa.pdf: 1375143 bytes, checksum: e92a56bdddf411af65ed2e8942e5c9a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T13:22:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_tese_ggsousa.pdf: 1375143 bytes, checksum: e92a56bdddf411af65ed2e8942e5c9a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / A cultura do amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) é uma importante alternativa para a agricultura irrigada da região Nordeste, devido ao fácil manejo, tolerância às condições climáticas adversas e ao mercado atraente na indústria alimentícia. Aliada a esse aspecto, o uso da adubação potássica pelo método convencional e fertirrigada pode ser uma opção de incremento na produtividade dessa cultura. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar: os efeitos de diferentes lâminas, frequências e supressões da irrigação e de doses de potássio aplicadas de forma convencional e por fertirrigação na cultura do amendoim. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, em Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo, na área experimental da Estação Agrometereológica da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará. O delineamento utilizado nos experimentos: lâminas, frequência e supressão da irrigação foi de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos correspondentes às lâminas de irrigação foram: 25, 50, 75, 100 e 150% da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo, mm dia-1) com base na ETo de Penma-Monteith; os de frequências de irrigação, de acordo com os dias do intervalo de aplicação da lâmina de água acumulada, foram: F2, F4, F6, F8 e F10 e os de supressão da irrigação, de acordo com o dia após a semeadura (DAS) em se sucedeu, foram: S45, S54, S63, S72 e S90. Para o experimento com doses de potássio aplicadas de forma convencional e fertirrigada, o delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos, de acordo com percentual da dose recomendada (50 kg ha-1 de K2O) e a forma de aplicação, foram: T0 (Controle), TC50 (50% da dose recomendada aplicada de forma convencional), TF50 (50% da dose recomendada aplicada de forma fertirrigada), TC100 (100% da dose recomendada aplicada de forma convencional), TF100 (100% da dose recomendada aplicada de forma fertirrigada), TC200 (200% da dose recomendada aplicada de forma convencional) e TF200 (200% da dose recomendada aplicada de forma fertirrigada). Aos 60 DAS, nos experimentos de lâmina e frequência de irrigação foram colhidas amostras destrutivas para análise de crescimento em: altura de planta, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule e matéria seca da parte aérea. A colheita final dos experimentos foi realizada aos 90 DAS, quando cinco plantas da área útil foram colhidas e colocadas para secagem em estufa telada, sendo em seguida analisadas as seguintes variáveis: número de ginóforos, número de vagens por planta, tamanho de vagem, peso de vagem, peso de 100 sementes e produtividade. No experimento com lâminas de irrigação concluiram-se que a irrigação proporcionou aumento linear sob o número de folhas e a matéria seca da parte aérea nas plantas de amendoim, sendo a lâmina de 522,17 mm a que proporcionou melhor resposta. O nível de irrigação estimado em 146,5% da EToPM proporcionou a maior altura de plantas (40,31 cm). A lâmina de irrigação estimada em 106,66% da EToPM proporcionaria a maior produtividade (1.339,10 kg ha-1) do amendoim. A melhor frequência de irrigação para o crescimento foi a cada dois dias, sem comprometer a produtividade. A supressão da irrigação a partir dos 45 DAS reduziu significativamente o número de vagens por planta, peso de vagem, cumprimento de vagem e peso de 100 sementes. O tratamento sem supressão da irrigação promoveu a maior produtividade de amendoim (1271,8 kg ha-1). As doses e formas de aplicação de K2O não diferiram estatisticamente da testemunha para as variáveis: comprimento de vagem e peso de 100 sementes. A dose de potássio fertirrigada para maximizar a produtividade (1.530,68 kg ha-1) foi estimada em 69,39 kg ha-1de K2O, e quando estimada para aplicação convencional (65,80 kg ha-1de K2O) a produtividade seria de 1.092,22 kg ha-1. Em ambas as formas de aplicação, as doses estimadas para maximizar a produtividade foram superiores à recomendada em 38 e 32%, respectivamente.

Ce travail présente la formation et la caractérisation sous ultravide de monocouches moléculaires issu de l'auto-assemblage et de la polymérisation de molécules organiques (hexahydroxy triphenyléne-HHTP et acide diborique benzoique-BDBA) sur des surfaces monocristallines métalliques et isolantes. L'adsorption de molécules HHTP sur Ag(111) donne lieu à plusieurs réseaux moléculaires dépendants de la température. Cette étude, menée par microscopie à effet tunnel (STM), montre qu'un réseau robuste est obtenu suite à la déshydrogénation, activée thermiquement, des groupes alcool périphériques. Cela induit la formation de liaisons hydrogène entre les fonctions alcools et cétones ainsi obtenues. L'étude STM de molécules de BDBA vapo-déposées sur Ag(111) a démontrée la formation d'architectures bidimensionnelles étendues, liées de manière covalente, suite à la polymérisation des précurseurs en surface. Un résultat similaire a pu être obtenu par la copolymérisation des molécules de BDBA et d'HHTP. Ces polymères nanoporeux s'étendent en monocouche et présentent une stabilité en température exceptionnelle. Enfin, l'étude de BDBA sur le substrat isolant de KCl, menée par microscopie à force atomique en mode non contact (nc-AFM), montre un auto-assemblage étendu par des liaisons hydrogène, et met en évidence le rôle décisif de la nature chimique du substrat sur la faisabilité de la polymérisation de ces molécules en surface. L'approche développée dans ce travail, mettant en jeu des réactions chimiques en surface, constitue une voie nouvelle pour la conception de nano-architectures moléculaires originales et robustes sur surfaces.

Resumo: Para conhecer o potencial de plantas de cobertura no fornecimento de nitrogênio para o milho, em sistema de plantio direto, foi avaliado o N potencialmente mineralizável (N0) do solo por meio de ensaio de incubação aeróbia de longa duração e o N disponível por meio dos extratores químicos KCl a quente, Dakota do Sul modificado e tampão fosfato borato a pH 11,2. Foram utilizadas amostras de solo de experimento a campo, instalado em área de Latossolo Vermelho argiloso e conduzido em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos: testemunha com vegetação espontânea, sorgo, milheto, mucuna-preta e feijão-de-porco, e cinco repetições. A coleta de solo nas parcelas foi feita após a dessecação das plantas de cobertura e antes do cultivo de milho, nos anos agrícolas de 2007/2008 e 2008/2009. O solo coletado, representativo da profundidade de 0 a 10 cm, foi utilizado no ensaio de incubação aeróbia, em experimento em vasos, com milho, e para as análises químicas. A eficiência dos extratores foi avaliada por meio de testes de correlação, empregando como variáveis de referência o N0 e o N mineralizado acumulado por 30 semanas, obtidos no ensaio de incubação aeróbia, e a produção de matéria seca e o N acumulado na parte aérea do milho, obtidos no experimento em vasos. As plantas de cobertura não diferem entre si quanto ao potencial de fornecimento de N para o milho. O método do KCl a quente é capaz de predizer a mineralização de N, porém os métodos químicos avaliados para predizer o N disponível não são eficientes / Abstract: Aiming to determine the potential of cover crops to supply nitrogen for corn in no-tillage system, it was evaluated the soil potentially mineralizable N (N0) by long-term aerobic incubation and available N by chemical extractants (hot KCl, modified South Dakota and pH 11.2 phosphate-borate buffer). Soil samples were collected from a field experiment, installed in an Udox and carried out in a randomized block design with five treatments (control with spontaneous vegetation, Sorghum bicolor, Pennicetum glaucum, Mucuna aterrima and Canavalia ensiformis) and five replications. Plots soil sampling was made after the cover crops desiccation and before growing the corn in the agricultural seasons of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. Soil samples collected from 0 to10 cm depth were used for long-term aerobic incubation, pots experiment with corn, and for soil chemical analysis. Extractants efficiency was evaluated by correlation tests, using as reference the N0 and the mineralized accumulated N over 30 weeks obtained from long-term aerobic incubation, dry matter production and N accumulated in maize shoots, obtained from pots experiment. Cover crops do not differ in their potential to supply nitrogen for corn. Hot KCl is able to predict the N mineralization but the chemical methods evaluated to predict the available nitrogen are not efficients / Orientador: Manoel Evaristo Ferreira / Coorientador: Mara Cristina Pessôa da Cruz / Banca: André César Vitti / Banca: José Frederico Centurion / Mestre