Proefschrift Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. / Met lit.opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, School of Nursing, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Master's thesis. / Format: PDF. Bibl.

Thesis (M.A.I.S.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-104). Also available on the World Wide Web.

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Denna studie undersöker hur pass stor inverkan socialt arbete för empowerment kan ha för individers livsvillkor, om dessa individer samtidigt utsätts för stigmatisering. Syftet med studien är att få en djupare förståelse för hur och i vilken utsträckning de verksamma på Shakthidhama women’s rehabilitation and development center finner det möjligt att förverkliga deras vision att stödja utsatta kvinnor att återfå sin ”dignitet och jämställdhet i samhället”. Undran springer ur att verksamhetens mål inte återspeglas i samhället i stort; utsatta kvinnor fortsätter att stigmatiseras i Indien generellt. Denna Minor Field Study är gjord med kvalitativ forskningsmetod; djupgående, löst strukturerade intervjuer utfördes med nyckelpersoner på organisationen Shakthidhama, i Karnataka, Indien. Matons (2008) definition av empowerment samt Link and Phelans (2001) konceptualisering av stigmatisering är ovärderliga för studien. Resultatet visar att de verksamma på Shakthidhama erfar att i princip varje del av deras arbete påverkas av samhälleliga strukturer. Maktrelationer inom empowerment- och stigmatiseringsprocesser undersöks för att landa i frågan kring vara socialt förändringsarbete ska rikta sitt fokus. / This study highlights the social work dilemma of to what extent empowerment work with individuals can make a difference for their opportunities in society, if there is no change in society at large. The aim of the study is to gain a deeper understanding about how and to what extent professionals at the Shakthidhama womens’s rehabilitation and development center, find it possible to fulfil their vision of helping women in need to regain “their dignity and equality in the society”. That is, as long as attitudes in mainstream society are not mirrored in those promoted by the organisation; as long as exposed women get stigmatised in Indian society. This Minor Field Study used qualitative research method; in-dept, open-ended interviews were conducted with keypersons at the NGO Shakthidhama, in Karnataka, India. Essential for the study are Maton’s (2008) definition of empowerment and Link and Phelan’s (2001) description of stigmatisation. The result shows that the professionals at Shakthidhama experienced societal impact over almost every area of work within the organisation. Power dynamics within processes of empowerment and stigmatisation get examined, to arrive to a discussion about where to aim social work for change.

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Yes / The ideology and politics of Hindu nationalism has always been predicated on an antagonistic discursive construction of ‘dangerous others,’ notably Muslims but also Christians. This construct has served to define India as first and foremost a Hindu nation, thereby de facto relegating religious minorities to the status of not properly belonging to the nation. However, under the leadership of the current Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Hindu nationalism has acquired an unprecedented political force. A key consequence of this has been that the discursive construction of dangerous others is now increasingly being written into law, through a process of Hindu nationalist statecraft. The result is, we argue, not just a de facto but increasingly also a de jure marginalization and stigmatization of religious minorities. We substantiate this argument by analysing the intent and effect of recent pieces of legislation in two Indian states regulating, among other things, religious conversions, inter-faith relationships, and population growth. Conceiving of such laws as dog-whistle legislation, we argue that they are, in fact, geared towards the legal consolidation of India as a Hindu state. We also analyse the intimate entanglement between these laws and the collective violence of vigilante groups against those minorities that Hindu nationalists frame as dangerous, anti-national others.

Indian cities rely predominantly on buses for public transport. The issues of performance measurement and efficiency analyses for the bus company have been gaining significance due to severe operating conditions and financial constraints in which these bus companies provide the service. Performance is defined as the levels of success of the service with respect to different parameters such as quality of service, cost effectiveness and safety. Performance is measured in terms of operational efficiency and financial efficiency. Operational Efficiency of an organization is the ability to utilize its available resources to the maximum extent. Financial Efficiency is a measure of the organization’s ability to translate its financial resources into revenue. Public bus transportation plays a pivotal role in India in bringing about greater mobility both within and between urban and rural areas. Through increased mobility, road transport also contributes immensely to social and economic development of different regions of the country. Public transport is provided by surface road transport using buses by the State Road Transport Undertakings (SRTUs) and by private operators. In this thesis, scientific analysis of the performance of SRTUs is carried out at different levels considering physical and financial parameters through multivariate techniques, non-parametric techniques and qualitative techniques. A comprehensive study on all the SRTUs of Karnataka at depot, division level are done and determined which quantitative method is suited for depot level and division level studies. From quantitative and qualitative studies of SRTUs strategies are developed and recommendations are made to improve the performance of SRTUs. Further, in addition to Bangalore metropolitan transport corporation (BMTC) performance analyses, the routes are analyzed to reduce the dead kilometer. Major contributions from this work: 1. Both inter and intra city operations of the public transport corporation in the state of Karnataka have been exhaustively analysed using operational and financial parameters. 2. Large amount of data over a long period has been collated from State road transport units and a standard format has been developed for collecting both operational and financial parameters for SRTU’s. 3. A generic framework and plan for performance evaluation of SRTU’s has been developed using ratio and benchmarking analysis, and, non-parametric and multivariate techniques like DEA (constant return to scale (CRS) and variable return to scale (VRS)), DEA-principal component analysis (PCA), DEA- bootstrapping. These analyses have been carried out at different levels, like transport corporations level (KSRTC NEKRTC, NWKRTC, BMTC), division level (33 divisions), and Depot level (193 depots). 4. Non parametric and multivariate Models have been developed and validated using DEAP and GAMS software before embarking on the above detailed analyses. 5. Analytical hierarchy approach (AHP), which is multi criteria structured technique, has been adopted to evaluate and analyze performance of the SRTU’s, divisions and depots based on qualitative and quantitative data. 6. User and operator perception studies of different SRTU’s of Karnataka have been done to evaluate the performance of these corporations from qualitative techniques. 7. From these comprehensive non parametric techniques, the efficiency of the SRTU’s have been evaluated and found that KSRTC has been the best operating unit among the SRTU’s considered for the study. The same has been observed from the AHP as well as perception surveys carried out as part of this thesis. 8. Operation and financial performance including profitability studies of Mysore urban transportation (Mysore city transport division) has been carried out before and after implementation of intelligent transport system (ITS). 9. The dead kilometer minimization model was formulated, which is a mixed integer programming problem, to get the optimal solution considering the capacity of the depot and time period of operation for the chosen network. An optimization technique has been developed for solving the dead kilometer problem in the operations of BMTC buses for the Volvo division (division operates 794 schedules). The alternative depot locations have been identified to reduce the dead kilometer, leading to large amount of savings for the corporation. 10. From the detailed analyses using non parametric techniques, multivariate and multi-criteria techniques along with perception surveys, strategies and recommendations have been arrived at to improve performance of the public transport corporations. This thesis consists of nine chapters and they are as below; Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction of public bus transport systems in India, their problems and need for performance evaluation of SRTUs. The impacts study of Mysore ITS, dead kilometer minimization problem for BMTC along with evaluating the performance of SRTUs by quantitative and qualitative data. This chapter provides the objective of the work and scope of the work. The main objectives of this research are 1. To develop a generic framework and plan for evaluation by identifying the performance indicators and data sources for evaluation.

L’objet de ce travail est l’étude de la peinture au Karnataka depuis l’école de Vijayanāgar jusqu’à celle de Mysore, du XVIème au XIXème siècle. Nous avons tenté de réunir le corpus le plus large possible afin d’avoir une vision globale de l’art du Karnataka à travers ses peintures murales, ses manuscrits illustrés et ses images mobiles.Notre objectif était de mieux comprendre l’évolution de la peinture au Karnataka durant les trois cents ans qui séparent l’école de Vijayanāgar de celle de Mysore. Les seuls vestiges de l’école de peinture de Vijayanāgar se trouvent dans les peintures murales des temples Vīrabhadra de Lēpākṣī et celles du temple Virūpākṣa de Hampi. Nous présentons ces deux sanctuaires avant d’aborder l’école de peinture de Mysore et son iconographie, qui doit son rayonnement au roi Kṛṣṇarāja Woḍeyar III. A la même époque naissait aussi l’école de Surpur, inconnue jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Deux collections non publiées de miniatures provenant de Mysore et de Surpur nous ont permis de mieux comprendre l’évolution de ces écoles. La thèse prend aussi en compte d’autres développements spécifiques de l’art du Karnataka. Nous présentons en particulier les peintures murales du palais d’été de Tipu Sultan, qui se démarquent nettement des autres réalisations contemporaines, et des manuscrits d’un type original, nommés Uddharane, destinés à l’instruction des dévots adeptes du courant vīraśaiva. / The aim of this work is to study the paintings of Karnataka from the school of Vijayanagar to that of Mysore. It covers the period from the XVIth to the XIXth century. Our goal was to better understand the evolution of painting in Karnataka during the three hundred years that separate both schools. The only remains of the Vijayanāgar School of Painting can be found in the murals of the Vīrabhadra Temples of Lēpākṣī and those of the Virūpākṣa Temple in Hampi. We discuss these two temples before evoking the school of painting of Mysore through its murals, manuscripts and miniatures. This school is closely connected to King Kṛṣṇarāja Woḍeyar III. Contemporarily to the school of Mysore appeared the school of Surpur, unknown until now. Two unpublished collections of miniatures from Mysore and Surpur have allowed us to better understand the evolution of these schools. Other pictorial achievements present specific developments in the art of Karnataka. We present the mural paintings of Tipu Sultan's summer palace, which stands out clearly from the previous era, as well as the Uddharane manuscript intended for the teaching of the devotees.We have tried to bring together in this work the widest possible corpus of murals, manuscripts and miniatures in order to have a global vision of painting in Karnataka.