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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Radio Resource Management Systems : A diverse feature importance approach / Förklarande Artificiell Intelligens inom System för Hantering av Radioresurser : Metoder för klassifisering av betydande predikatorer

Marcu, Alexandru-Daniel January 2022 (has links)
The field of wireless communications is arguably one of the most rapidly developing technological fields. Therefore, with each new advancement in this field, the complexity of wireless systems can grow significantly. This phenomenon is most visible in mobile communications, where the current 5G and 6G radio access networks (RANs) have reached unprecedented complexity levels to satisfy diverse increasing demands. In such increasingly complex environments, managing resources is becoming more and more challenging. Thus, experts employed performant artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to aid radio resource management (RRM) decisions. However, these AI techniques are often difficult to understand by humans, and may receive unimportant inputs which unnecessarily increase their complexity. In this work, we propose an explainability pipeline meant to be used for increasing humans’ understanding of AI models for RRM, as well as for reducing the complexity of these models, without loss of performance. To achieve this, the pipeline generates diverse feature importance explanations of the models with the help of three explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods: Kernel SHAP, CERTIFAI, and Anchors, and performs an importance-based feature selection using one of three different strategies. In the case of Anchors, we formulate and utilize a new way of computing feature importance scores, since no current publication in the XAI literature suggests a way to do this. Finally, we applied the proposed pipeline to a reinforcement learning (RL)- based RRM system. Our results show that we could reduce the complexity of the RL model between ∼ 27.5% and ∼ 62.5% according to different metrics, without loss of performance. Moreover, we showed that the explanations produced by our pipeline can be used to answer some of the most common XAI questions about our RL model, thus increasing its understandability. Lastly, we achieved an unprecedented result showing that our RL agent could be completely replaced with Anchors rules when taking RRM decisions, without a significant loss of performance, but with a considerable gain in understandability. / Området trådlös kommunikation är ett av de snabbast utvecklande tekniska områdena, och varje framsteg riskerar att medföra en signifikant ökning av komplexiteten för trådlösa nätverk. Det här fenomenet är som tydligast i mobil kommunikaiton, framför allt inom 5G och 6G radioaccessnätvärk (RANs) som har nåt nivåer av komplexitet som saknar motstycke. Detta för att uppfylla de ökande kraven som ställs på systemet. I dessa komplexa system blir resurshantering ett ökande problem, därför används nu artificiell intelligens (AI) allt mer för att ta beslut om hantering av radioresurser (RRM). Dessa AI tekniker är dock ofta svåra att förstå för människor, och kan således ges oviktig input vilket leder till att öka AI modellernas komplexitet. I detta arbete föreslås en förklarande pipeline vars mål är att användas för att öka människors förståelse av AI modeller för RRM. Målet är även att minska modellernas komplexitet, utan att förlora prestanda. För att åstadkomma detta genererar pipelinen förklaringar av betydande predikatorer för modellen med hjälp av tre metoder för förklarande artificiell intelligens (XAI). Dessa tre metoder är, Kernel SHAP, CERTIFAI och Anchors. Sedan görs ett predikatorurval baserat på predikatorbetydelse med en av dessa tre metoder. För metoden Anchors formuleras ett nytt sätt att beräkna betydelsen hos predikatorer, eftersom tidigare forskning inte föreslår någon metod för detta. Slutligen appliceras den föreslagna pipelinen på en förstärkt inlärnings- (RL) baserat RRM system. Resultaten visar att komplexiteten av RL modellen kunde reduceras med mellan ∼ 27, 5% och ∼ 62, 5% baserat på olika nyckeltal:er, utan att förlora någon prestanda. Utöver detta visades även att förklaringarna som producerats kan användas för att svara på de vanligaste XAI frågoran om RL modellen, och på det viset har även förståelsen för modellen ökat. Sistnämnt uppnåddes enastående resultat som visade att RL modellen helt kunde ersättas med regler producerade av Anchor-metoden för beslut inom RRM, utan någon störra förlust av prestanda, men med an stor vinst i förståelse.
2

Survivability Prediction and Analysis using Interpretable Machine Learning : A Study on Protecting Ships in Naval Electronic Warfare

Rydström, Sidney January 2022 (has links)
Computer simulation is a commonly applied technique for studying electronic warfare duels. This thesis aims to apply machine learning techniques to convert simulation output data into knowledge and insights regarding defensive actions for a ship facing multiple hostile missiles. The analysis may support tactical decision-making, hence the interpretability aspect of predictions is necessary to allow for human evaluation and understanding of impacts from the explanatory variables. The final distance for the threats to the target and the probability of the threats hitting the target was modeled using a multi-layer perceptron model with a multi-task approach, including custom loss functions. The results generated in this study show that the selected methodology is more successful than a baseline using regression models. Modeling the outcome with artificial neural networks results in a black box for decision making. Therefore the concept of interpretable machine learning was applied using a post-hoc approach. Given the learned model, the features considered, and the multiple threats, the feature contributions to the model were interpreted using Kernel SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). The method consists of local linear surrogate models for approximating Shapley values. The analysis primarily showed that an increased seeker activation distance was important, and the increased time for defensive actions improved the outcomes. Further, predicting the final distance to the ship at the beginning of a simulation is important and, in general, a guidance of the actual outcome. The action of firing chaff grenades in the tracking gate also had importance. More chaff grenades influenced the missiles' tracking and provided a preferable outcome from the defended ship's point of view.

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