<p>This study analyses the relationship between the manner of citizens&rsquo / engagement with the state and the level of service delivery they experience in their everyday lives, as residents of Khayelitsha. The phenomena of so-called &lsquo / service delivery&rsquo / protests across South Africa have now become a fixture of South African politics. Khayelitsha is one of the sites with frequent protests in Cape Town and is inhabited by poor people, 70 percent of whom live in informal settlements. While the lack of municipal services is undoubtedly a major problem for many poor people in South Africa, thus&nbsp / far, few studies have been dedicated to investigate empirically this alleged link between service delivery and protest activity. The study utilizes mostly quantitative analysis techniques such as&nbsp / regression analysis and path analysis to discover the form and strength of linkages between the service delivery and participation forms. While residents of informal settlements and therefore&nbsp / poorer services were more prone to engage in protests and thus reinforcing the service delivery hypothesis, this relationship was relatively weak in regression analysis. What is more important than the service delivery variables such as water services was the level of cognitive awareness exemplified by the level of political engagement and awareness on the one hand and level of community engagement in terms of attendance of community meetings and membership of different organizations. In summary the study found relatively weak evidence to support the service&nbsp / delivery hypothesis and stronger evidence for the importance of cognitive awareness and resource mobilization theories in Khayelitsha as the key determinant of protest activity.</p>

<p>This study analyses the relationship between the manner of citizens&rsquo / engagement with the state and the level of service delivery they experience in their everyday lives, as residents of Khayelitsha. The phenomena of so-called &lsquo / service delivery&rsquo / protests across South Africa have now become a fixture of South African politics. Khayelitsha is one of the sites with frequent protests in Cape Town and is inhabited by poor people, 70 percent of whom live in informal settlements. While the lack of municipal services is undoubtedly a major problem for many poor people in South Africa, thus&nbsp / far, few studies have been dedicated to investigate empirically this alleged link between service delivery and protest activity. The study utilizes mostly quantitative analysis techniques such as&nbsp / regression analysis and path analysis to discover the form and strength of linkages between the service delivery and participation forms. While residents of informal settlements and therefore&nbsp / poorer services were more prone to engage in protests and thus reinforcing the service delivery hypothesis, this relationship was relatively weak in regression analysis. What is more important than the service delivery variables such as water services was the level of cognitive awareness exemplified by the level of political engagement and awareness on the one hand and level of community engagement in terms of attendance of community meetings and membership of different organizations. In summary the study found relatively weak evidence to support the service&nbsp / delivery hypothesis and stronger evidence for the importance of cognitive awareness and resource mobilization theories in Khayelitsha as the key determinant of protest activity.</p>

Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Magister of Technologiae: Human Resource Management In the Faculty of Business At the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2012 / This research focused on investigating perceptions of the socio economic impact of skills shortage on the community of Khayelitsha, Western Cape. The objectives of this study were to critically investigate the causes of skills shortage in the community of Khayelitsha; to assess the perceived social impacts that it has on the community; and to critically investigate whether skills shortage is one of the causes of unemployment. The research also went as far as examining measures, which were taken by government and other stakeholders to address skills shortage. Chapter One of the study provides information related to a background of the research under study. Chapter Two briefly considers skills shortage, globally, prior to looking thoroughly at the causes for skills shortage in Khayelitsha. It further presents evidence of skills shortage in South Africa by considering different sectors. Furthermore, the research details the social and the economic impact of skills shortage, the state of poverty and inequality, as well as the state of unemployment. Chapter Two also details the role of government and other stakeholders to address skill shortage. Chapter Three introduces the research design and methodologies that were used, while Chapter Four presents an analysis and assessment of data that was collected. Chapter Five concludes the research by making recommendations. Two types of methodologies were employed by the researcher, namely qualitative and quantitative research methodology. The researcher employed two types of data analysis, namely content analysis and descriptive statistics. These techniques were helpful for the study because they explored perceptions and evidence of skills shortage in South Africa and Khayelitsha, in particular. The study further explores the impact of skills shortage on the economic development of the country, unemployment poverty and the society at large. Finally, the research shows that respondents perceive that skills shortage does indeed have a negative impact on South Africa by being one of the causes of unemployment and poverty, and hence economic growth. While socially, respondents believe that skills shortage is the main driver of issues such as crime, violence, teenage pregnancy, prostitution, HIV/AIDS poverty and other social issues, which are prevalent nationwide.

Magister Curationis - MCur / The introduction of primary health care in South Africa in 1994 marks a new beginning for the majority of the marginalised population in South Africa during the apartheid era. This introduction has improved access to health care in most communities. Health services are now more decentralised with community health centres that are primarily run by nurses. Violence continues to take its toll in post-apartheid South Africa and the youth remain the most affected group of most communities. It often leaves the youth shattered and traumatised with alarming psychological effects, including poor self-esteem. There is a steady increase of youths who are visiting community health centres to seek health care from nurses with a subsequent increased workload for the nurses at these centres. Previous research has dwelt more on either violence on its own, or the youth affected by violence but very little is known about the nurses caring for these youth victims of violence. It is unclear how nurses who are working at a community health centre experience caring for youth victims of violence. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of nurses caring for youth victims of violence at a community health centre in Khayelitsha and to develop guidelines for supporting nurses caring for youth victims. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual design was used. The accessible population (N = 40) included all nurses who are registered under Section 31(1) of the Nursing Act No 33 of 2005 in order to practice nursing or midwifery, and who were working at a community health centre in Khayelisha. Purposive and snowball sampling were used. The data collection method comprised an individual unstructured interview while using an audio recorder and documenting field notes. Tesch's descriptive method of open coding was used for data analysis. Trustworthiness was ensured by means of applicability, dependability, transferability and confirmability. The findings from this study indicated that the experience of nurses who were caring for youth victims of violence was particularly related to a number of factors. These factors included challenges faced by the youth in the community, their socio-economic situation, violence and abuse, gangs, substance abuse, illiteracy, teenage pregnancy; as well as challenges face by nurses, under-preparedness, staff shortage, increase workload, rudeness, and verbal and physical abuse of the nurses. They also emphasised some rewarding experiences. There were some psychological effects on nurses and their emotional responses reported by these nurses. The study also revealed the different coping mechanism these nurses were using and their need for support. Guidelines were developed to support nurses. Recommendations for future implementation are presented in the last chapter. / National Research Fund (NRF)

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study consists of a proposal to construct and manage Moya weKhaya, a cultural centre on a vacant site linked to an existing park in A Section, Khayelitsha. The cultural centre is an innovative vision of urban renewal. The intention is to contribute towards addressing current social and cultural needs and challenge the historical realities of apartheid planning. The concept was initiated by two community-based organisations (CBOs) and the proposal has been developed through a series of meetings and workshops with the initiating CBOs. The approach to the project, from its inception, was based on a communicative planning approach and the intention of this proposal is to stimulate dialogue with government and other potential partners and garner support for the project. The proposal presents the rationale, vision and objectives of Moya weKhaya and describes the background and context in which the project was formulated. It locates the project within the current South African legislative and policy framework and within current planning discourse. The thematic and ecological approach to the architectural design is presented and the proposed usage of the cultural centre and the envisaged activities are described. Strategies to raise funds for capital costs and partnership options are explored. A preliminary operating budget and income generating strategies to maintain the centre are presented. Potential challenges and solutions are discussed. The proposed cultural centre is an ambitious, costly, and complex project and it raises two fundamental issues. - The challenge to the CBO partnership to raise its own capacity to implement and manage the project on its own and / or to negotiate and formalise a public-private partnership to build and manage the centre. - The challenge by the CBOs to government in particular to support the project and bridge the gap between the legislative framework that promotes grassroots driven development and the institutional mechanisms (and political will) to facilitate such processes. This proposal is an attempt to present a framework in which to address these issues. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie vervat ’n voorstel vir die oprigting en bestuur van ’n kulturele sentrum, Moya weKhaya, op ’n leë bouterrein wat grens aan ’n bestaande park in A Section, Khayelitsha. Die kulturele sentrum is ’n innoverende visie van stedelike vernuwing. Die doel is om by te dra tot die aanspreek van huidige sosiale en kulturele behoeftes en om die historiese werklikhede van apartheidera-beplannning te trotseer. Die konsep is geïnisieer deur twee gemeenskapsgebaseerde organisasies (GGOs) en die voorstel is ontwikkel aan die hand van ’n reeks vergaderings en werkswinkels met die inisiërende GGOs. Die manier waarop die projek benader is, vanaf die aanvang daarvan, is gebaseer op ’n benadering van tegemoetkomende beplanning en die doel met die voorstel is om gesprekvoering te stimuleer met die regering en ander potensiële vennote en ondersteuning in te win vir die projek. Die voorstel bied die regverdiging vir en visie en doelwitte van Moya weKhaya en beskryf die agtergrond en konteks waarin die projek geformuleer is. Dit posisioneer die projek in die huidige Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewende en beleidsraamwerk en in die huidige beplanningsdiskoers. Die tematiese en ekologiese benadering tot die argitektoniese ontwerp word aangebied en die voorgestelde gebruik van die kulturele sentrum en die beoogde aktiwiteite word beskryf. Strategieë om fondse vir kapitaalkoste te vermeerder en vennootskapopsies word ondersoek. ’n Voorlopige bedryfsbegroting en inkomsteskeppingstrategieë om die sentrum in stand te hou, word voorgestel. Potensiële uitdagings en oplossings word bespreek. Die voorgestelde kulturele sentrum is ambisieus, duur en kompleks en dit opper twee fundamentele kwessies: - Die uitdaging aan die inisiërende GGO-vennootskap om die kapasiteit op sy eie op te rig om die projek self te implementeer en te bestuur en/of om ’n openbare-private vennootskap te bewerkstellig en te formaliseer om die sentrum te bou en te bestuur. - Die uitdaging gerig deur die GGO aan veral die regering om die projek te ondersteun en die gaping te oorbrug tussen die wetgewende raamwerk wat grondvlakgedrewe ontwikkeling bevorder en die institusionele meganismes (en die politieke wil) om sodanige ontwikkeling te fasiliteer. Hierdie voorstel is ’n poging om ’n raamwerk te bied waarin hierdie kwessies aangespreek kan word.

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. / The aim of this study was to determine the extent of constraints to entrepreneurial development in the townships supporting the Cape Town economy, specifically that of Khayelitsha, and to establish whether any government incentives were available to develop this township economy. These small, medium and micro sized businesses face numerous constraints. The vital role of small businesses in stimulating economic activity, in poverty alleviation, and in the raising of living standards, has been widely recognised in most countries. In fact, in several countries, small businesses are used as catalysts to generate economic activities within relatively poor communities. The City of Cape Town has developed economic initiatives to provide assistance to entrepreneurs with recommendations on how innovations should be encouraged to help entrepreneurs in such poor communities as Khayelitsha to start new businesses, and to create jobs. In order to obtain information on the Khayelitsha business community both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. Questionnaires were employed to answer open and closed ended questions dealing with economic activities in the area, as well as interviews with formal and informal business persons. Generally, the findings reveal numerous constraints of trade facing businesses in Khayelitsha including governmental restrictions, lack of a skilled workforce, poor infrastructure, and services delivery. The recommendations made could lead to an improvement in operating conditions as this study argues that the existence of positive business conditions, in terms of social, economic, and personal factors, are necessary for business ventures and entrepreneurs to succeed. However, innovation is essential for small businesses to be able to respond effectively to the changing environment that has been triggered by globalisation forces.

Thesis (MAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis attempts to provide alternative solutions to housing and developmental problems faced by the government in South Africa's urban/metropolitan areas in general and in Khayelitsha in particular. The root causes of the problems have been identified and linked to urbanisation-related government policies of the past. The Group Areas "urban model of development" influenced the planning, management and development (spatial policies) in the urban/metropolitan areas. The rural-urban migration process through the migrant labour system during the industrialisation period was engineered by the "Corporate State" and consolidated by the introduction of tax systems and laws regulating land ownership by the African people (Natives). These have impoverished the African people both in rural and urban/metropolitan areas. The existing gap in development between rural and urban/metropolitan areas, in particular in the peri-urban areas, is evident in persistent poverty and unemployment as effects of the conditions which generate increased migration. In this context, Khayelitsha is used as a case study to illustrate study variables (urban policies and management, rapid urbanisation and their impact on housing and development) at grassroots level. Comparison is made undertaken between South African housing and developmental problems and those of other developing countries. Tanzania and Zimbabwe as African countries and former British Colonies (African connection) have been chosen for this purpose. Data were gathered through questionnaires, interviews and participatory observation. This makes the study objective, but also subjective. The research concludes that there is a need to devote more resources to rural development programmes accompanied by decentralisation strategies. This will help to reduce the gap between rural and urban development. It is hoped that the information contained in this thesis will provide a basic background to meet the social and economic challenges by addressing housing and developmental problems, in Khayelitsha in particular and South Africa in general. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word daar gepoog om moontlike oplossings te vind vir die behuisings en ontwikkelingsprobleme wat deur die Suid-Afrikaanse regering en stedelike/metropolitaanse gebiede oor die algemeen en Khayelitsha in die besonder ondervind word. Die kernoorsake van die probleme word geïdentifiseer en verbind aan die vorige regering se verstedelikingsbeleide. Beplanning, bestuur en ontwikkeling (ruimtelike beleide) in die stedelike/metropolitaanse gebiede is beïnvloed deur die Groepsgebiede-model vir stedelike ontwikkeling. Die landelike-stedelike migrasieproses, geïnisieer deur die trekarbeidstelsel gedurende die industrialiseringsera, is deur die "Korporatiewe Staat" bewerkstellig en gekonsolideer deur die instelling van belastingstelsels en wette ter regulering van grondbesit deur swart mense. Dit het gelei tot die verarming van swart mense in landelike en stedelike/metropolitaanse gebiede. Die bestaande gaping in ontwikkeling tussen landelike en stedelike gebiede, in die besonder in buitestedelike gebiede, blyk duidelik uit gevestigde armoede en werkloosheid as uitvloeisels van die omstandighede wat tot toenemende migrasie lei. In hierdie konteks is Khayelitsha gebruik as 'n gevallestudie om die studieveranderlikes (stedelike beleide, stedelike bestuur, snelle verstedeliking en die impak daarvan op behuising en ontwikkeling) op voetsoolvlak te illustreer. Vergelykings is getref ten einde Suid-Afrikaanse behuisings- en ontwikkelingsprobleme met ander ontwikkelende lande te vergelyk. Vir die doel is Tanzanië en Zimbabwe as Afrikalande en eertydse Britse kolonies (Afrika-konneksie) gekies. Data is ingesamel deur middel van vraelyste, onderhoude en deelnemende waarneming. Dit het daartoe gelei dat die studie nie alleen objektief nie, maar ook subjektief is. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat meer hulpbronne tesame met desentraliseringstrategieë gerig op landelike ontwikkelingsprogramme benodig word. Dit sal bydra tot vernouing van die gaping tussen landelike en stedelike ontwikkeling. Daar word derhalwe gehoop dat die inligting vervat in hierdie tesis basiese agtergrond sal verskaf om die sosiale en ekonomiese uitdagings die hoof te bied deur die bestaande behuisings - en ontwikkelingsprobleme in Khayelitsha in die besonder en Suid-Afrika oor die algemeen aan te spreek.

Abstracts in English and Xhosa / This research focused on how youth leaders and their senior pastors perceive youth ministry in the black township of Khayelitsha, A practical theological reflection of youth ministry in Khayelitsha. Youth ministry is an important ministry for a local church, as it is a platform to deal with youth challenges. Youth ministry has a value to add to the young people of its society, in their spiritual and development formation. The first aim of youth ministry, among other things, is to assist with spiritual formation in the lives of the young people. The underlying assumption of the study was that youth ministry in Khayelitsha was about game and entertainment with no spiritual input in the lives of young people. Research findings of this study reveal that in the black township of Khayelitsha there are a lot of activities that are happening under the banner of youth ministry, but there is a lack of a practical theological understanding of youth ministry. It was discovered also in this research that young people after they have been elected to lead a youth ministry, were not trained and developed for their task. The recommendation therefore which can help youth ministry in the black township of Khayelitsha to be practical and theologically oriented is that youth leaders need to be trained so that they may be able to develop or discover for their constituency a sound theology of youth ministry and the purpose of the youth. Youth leaders and their young people need to think about the importance of encapsulating and capturing a vision for youth ministry in their contexts, respectively. Youth leaders need to be trained on leadership issues and other youth ministry related matters, such as socio-economic and youth culture. Youth ministry is so broad, but it is important firstly for the Khayelitsha youth to get the basics right before focusing on other dynamics and dimension matters of youth ministry. It is important that youth need to know that youth ministry is about God first, not social projects. Youth ministry is just a normal youth work if it does not take the relationship young people to have with God and develop them into maturity. Youth ministry should be regarded as a national asset as it has a lot to contribute to the Khayelitsha community through the socially-focused projects that the young people engaged in for their communities. Churches should be intentional about youth ministry when they prepare young people for youth ministry by supporting these young people financially who would like to study this ministry. / Inkonzo yabantu abatsha ibaluleke kakhulu kwinkonzo nganye esekuhlaleni eKhayelitsha. Inkonzo yabantu abatsha inegalelo enalo kubantu abatsha ekuhlaleni, kubomi babo bokukholwa nakuphuhliso lwabo gabalala. Eyokuqala injongo yenkonzo yabantu abatsha enkonzweni kukunceda ukuba bakhule abantu abatsha eMoyeni. Eyona ibiyintsusa yolucwaningo kukurhanela nokukrokrela ukuba inkonzo yabatsha eKhayelitsha igxile ekudlaliseni abantu abatsha kunokukhulisa ubomi babo bakuMoya. Iziphumo ngoko zolucwaningo ziveze ukuba zininzi intshukumo nezinto ezinziwayo ezinkonzweni phantsi kwegama lenkonzo yabantu abatsha, kodwa kukhona ukuswela ulwazi lokuba umsebenzi wabatsha yipraktikali thiyoloji. Kukwafumanesekile ukuba bakuba benyulwe abantu abatsha ezinkonzweni zabo ukuba bakhokele inkonzo yabatsha, inkokheli ezo zabatsha aziyi ziqeqeshwe zixhotyiselwa umsebenzi lo wabo. Ingcebiso ngoko ngokubhekisele kwiziphumo zolu cwaningo zicebisa ukuze umsebenzi wabatsha ukuze ube yipraktikal thiyoloji yeyokuba kumelwe baqeqeshwe abantu abatsha bakuba benyulwe ukuze bazi ukuba ungantoni kanye kanye umsebenzi wabatsha enkonzweni. Inkokheli zabatsha kunye nabatsha bazo kufuneka bacinge nzulu ukuba bangawenza njani umsebenzi wabatsha uze ufanele bona nalendawo bahlala kuyo. Inkokheli zabatsha zimele ziqeqeshelwe kwezokukhokela abantu abatsha, ingxaki abantu abatsha abajongene nazo umzekelo isimo sentlalo abakuso abantu abatsha, kwaye kufuneka zazi nenkcubeko yabantu abatsha. Umsebenzi wabantu abatsha ubanzi, ugabalele ngoko kubalulekile ukuba inkokheli zabatsha zazi izinto zokuqala nezisiseko somsebenzi/inkonzo yabantu abatsha kuqala phambi kokuba bazi ezinye izinto ezingawo umsebenzi wabantu abatsha. Inkonzo yabantu abatsha ingafana nomsebenzi nje ongabantu abatsha ukuba awuyithatheli ingqalelo ubudlelwano abantu abatsha abanabo noThixo, kwaye bukhuliswe kubo.Inkonzo yabantu abatsha mayithathwe njengenkonzo enegalelo elikhulu esizweni ngenxa yezinto abantu abatsha abathi bazibandakanye kuzo ukuzama ukuphucula indawo abahlala kuzo eKhayelitsha. Inkonzo nazo maziyinike ingqwalasela nengqalelo inkonzo okanye umsebenzi wabatsha ngokuwuxhasa ngezemali kwaye zihlawulele abantu abatsha abafuna ukuyo wokufundela umsebenzi wabantu abatsha. / Practical Theology / D. Th. (Practical Theology)