This dissertation deals with the political economy of survival within a Jamaican urban slum. It departs from the sociological tradition of viewing the slum as a separate social entity and treats it as an integral part of the urban community. For theoretical guidance, the dissertation draws significantly upon works subscribing to the dependency perspective. However, the inner dynamics of survival, presented throughout the study are derived through participant observation in the West Kingston slum. Problems within the slum such as high unemployment, crime, violence, overcrowding and the general state of poverty are viewed within the context of Jamaica's historical dependence. The thrust of the study focuses on the techniques employed by slum dwellers in their struggle for survival. These include participation in petty commodity production and petty trading, most of which takes the form of hustling which is conceptualized as the application of one's wits in securing scarce material resources. Furthermore, as the slum dwellers struggle to survive, they at the same time contribute to the economy in ways that are not usually recognized by the state. Given the scarcity of jobs, competition tends to be fierce. This is reinforced by a strong orientation towards individual acquisitiveness. The situation is manipulated by politicians through a highly sophisticated political patronage system. Political violence is usually the result. The slum dwellers do not appear to be in control of their social world. Many make sense of their world by resorting to a strong belief in the occult or participation in various syncretized religious cults. There is an absence of political consciousness among slum dwellers who tend not to perceive their poor material condition as socially produced, thus perpetuating their situation. This dissertation shows that the slum dwellers sustain an asymmetrical symbiotic relationship with the urban economy. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

The reaction between acetylenes and carbon monoxide in n-butanol solution in the presence of a palladium iodide/sodium iodide catalyst has been investigated. Acetylene, methyl-, butyl- and phenylacetylene reacted reaoily at atmospheric pressure to yield mixtures of esters. Substituted acrylates, succinates, maleates and fumarates were the major products; the monoesters which were formed were, in the main, non-linear. The effect of various additives on the product spectrum was examined, thus hydrogen chloride enhanced the yield of monoester in most cases, whilst air and other oxidising agents lowered it. Possible mechanistic routes were investigated by isotopic labelling and other techniques. Dimethylacetylene and diphenylacetylene reacted less readily, and it was necessary to employ elevated, pressures to bring about carbonylation. The products then included esters and lactonea.

Tong Wing-Yin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-129). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter Two --- The Cultural Imaginary in the Works of Maxine Hong Kingston --- p.10 / Chapter Chapter Three --- The Communicative Nature of the Cultural Imaginary --- p.41 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Language and Identity --- p.67 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Unique Identity as a Chinese- American --- p.89 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Conclusion --- p.120 / Works Cited --- p.125

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 40).

For centuries, scholarship in the area of punishment, prisons and corrections has been generated by a number of different disciplines. It is difficult to argue the fact that there has been a bias in this literature toward discussions of the crimes and punishments of men. Given the historically disproportionate representation of men in criminal justice systems worldwide, the male ‘inmate’ has undoubtedly become the taken-for-granted norm in penality studies. However, works on ‘male imprisonment’ versus ‘female imprisonment’ (particularly feminist works) demonstrate a significant disparity in their approach. Despite the extensive nature of scholarship on penality, and the strong focus on gender by feminist scholars in the area, there has been a vast silence on the incarcerated male as a gendered subject, and the male prison as a gendered institution. Although this silence has been briefly noted by feminist scholars in their discussions of female imprisonment (e.g. Hannah-Moffat 2001; Howe 1994; Naffine 1996), few scholars to date have taken up a critical discussion of gender in the context of male incarceration. This oversight is especially characteristic of Canadian penal scholarship and Canadian penal histories in particular. It is the aim of this work to initiate the ‘catch-up,’ to engage in a historical examination of male penality in Canada that draws upon a number of the developments made in both the critical literature on punishment – predominantly focusing on the incarceration of men – and feminist scholarship’s gender approaches to women’s incarceration. Arguably, there is no better point to start this inquiry than with Kingston Penitentiary, Canada’s oldest and long-considered most ‘notorious’ prison for men. Using historical documents from the early history of Kingston Penitentiary (1833-1856), an analysis of discourse using a Foucauldian feminist theoretical approach is performed to uncover the gendered nature of the institution, and the policies and procedures developed for inmate men. Findings suggest that gendered power relations involving a number of different strategies (benevolence, control, pastoralism) and masculinities (aggressive, vulnerable, etc.) were at work. Implications of viewing prisons for men as gendered institutions are discussed. / Thesis (Master, Sociology) -- Queen's University, 2007-08-30 09:23:28.414

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Thesis (B.A.Hons. 1970) from the Dept. of History, University of Adelaide.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40). Also available in print.

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Diss. phil.-hist. Bern (kein Austausch). / andere Ausgabe: Concrete language. Literaturverz.