This thesis explores the background of the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement, a 250 page water use agreement among irrigators, Indian tribes, fishermen, environmental groups, federal and state agencies in the Klamath Basin. The agreement is contextualized in terms of water rights law, Indian law and the Endangered Species Act. The specific details of the agreement are explored. Finally, this thesis evaluates the agreement's merits and suggests a path forward for the agreement to become law.

Site 35J04 is located on the south bank of the Rogue River, four miles west of Grants Pass, Oregon. Excavation of the site was conducted in 1976 by Oregon State University under contract to the Corvallis branch of CH2M/Hill. Eight artifact assemblages were distinguished during the analysis of the site. From these assemblages two distinct components were defined. Component I was dated to 460±90 BP. A close affiliation with the coast is evident for this time period from the concaved-base projectile points which are unique to this component. On the coast these concaved-base points are a late development and are usually associated with shell middens. Component II consisted to two circular house pits and the contemporary living surface around them. Carbon 14 dates this component at approximately 1400 BP. The dominant projectile point for this component was small, 9 mm to 18 mm in length, triangular-blade, corner-to-base notched point. An interior adaptation is evident for this component. Light, periodic use of the site was evident between component I and component II. The site had also been used prior to the component II occupation. Cultural debris was present in low frequency to a depth of 1.9 meters below the surface. / Graduation date: 1979

Graduation date: 1981

Thesis (M.A.)--Oregon State University, 1988. / Typescript (photocopy). Mounted photographs. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-104). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1955. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis/Project (M.S.)--Humboldt State University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-66). Also available via the Internet from the Humboldt Digital Scholar web site.

xvi, 148 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / The preservation of architecture associated with underrepresented communities has been hindered by traditional biases in preservation. The post-contact history of Native Americans of the Klamath Basin has not been exempt from this trend. Archaeologists have begun to uncover evidence of post-contact lifeways of Native Americans on the former Klamath Indian Reservation in southern Oregon. This thesis examines the influence of 19th and 20th century federal policies on reservation households, using data from archaeological investigations at a 19th century Native American homestead (the Beatty Curve Site, 35KL95). This information, coupled with historical research, is used to reconstruct the homestead and cultural setting on paper and will be useful in identifying similar properties. More importantly, this thesis adds to a regional and national narrative on Native survival, adaptation, and cultural persistence in the face of new social realities in the post-contact period. This thesis includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material. / Committee in charge: Dr. Kingston Wm. Heath, Chairperson; Dr. Rick Minor, Member

A study was conducted in the Upper Klamath Basin, south-central Oregon, to test Luther s. Cressman' s hypothesis characterizing prehistoric Klamath Basin culture as having, from an early date, a marsh/riverine subsistence focus with long-term stability and a slow rate of internal change emphasizing intensification of the existing marsh/riverine utilization pattern. A subsistence/ settlement pattern model was developed to predict aboriginal site occurrence in the upper Klamath Basin.

Water allocation in the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California has been challenging. Irrigators have increasingly turned to groundwater to make up for surface water shortages because of shifts in allocation toward in-stream flows for Endangered Species Act listed fishes. The largest increase in groundwater pumping has been in and around the Bureau of Reclamation's Klamath Irrigation Project, which includes the Tule Lake subbasin in the southern part of the upper Klamath Basin. Previous groundwater flow model simulations indicate that water level declines from pumping may result in decreased flow to agricultural drains in the Tule Lake subbasin. Agricultural drains on the Klamath Project are an important source of water for downstream irrigators and for the Tule Lake and Lower Klamath Lake National Wildlife Refuges. To better assess the impact of increased pumping on drain flow and on the water balance of the groundwater system, flow data from agricultural drains were evaluated to investigate the changes that have taken place in groundwater discharge to drains since pumping volumes increased. Additionally, a fine-grid groundwater model of the Tule Lake subbasin was developed based on the existing regional flow model. The fine-grid model has sufficient vertical and horizontal resolution to simulate vertical head gradients, takes advantage of time-series data from 38 observation wells for model calibration, and allows agricultural drains to be more explicitly represented. Results of the drain flow analysis show that the groundwater discharge to agricultural drains has decreased by approximately 4000 hectare-meters from the 1997-2000 average discharge. Most of this decrease takes place in the northern and southeastern portions of the subbasin. Results of the groundwater model show that the initial source of water to wells is groundwater storage. By 2006, approximately 56% of the water from wells is sourced from agricultural drains.

A study of 80 clay figurines from aboriginal sites in the upper Rogue River Valley in southwestern Oregon fails to reveal any connection with other figurines found in the Pacific Northwest and northern California. A preference for animal rather than human representations is demonstrated. The temporal distribution of the figurines is not known, but spatial distribution appears roughly coextensive with territories occupied by the upland Takelma at the time of Euro-American contact during the second quarter of the nineteenth century.