Mak Ka Wai Charles. / Thesis submitted in: October 2001. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-91). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Mak Ka Wai Charles. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Overview of the Mathematical Framework --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- System of Interest --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Klein-Gordon equation --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- QNM boundary conditions --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3 --- Outline of This Thesis --- p.14 / Chapter 2 --- Green's Function --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1 --- "Formal Expression for G(x,y，w)" --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2 --- "Leaver's Series Solution: An Analytic Expression for g(r, w)" --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Location of the Cut --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4 --- "Jaffe's Series Solution: An Analytic Expression for f(r,w)" --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5 --- QNMs and Their Locations --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Alternative definitions of QNM --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Methods of searching for QNMs --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Locations of QNMs --- p.29 / Chapter 2.6 --- Green's Function and Eigenspectra --- p.30 / Chapter 3 --- Normalization Function: Analytical Treatment --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1 --- Definition and Properties --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2 --- Analytic Approximations for --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3 --- Polar Perturbations --- p.39 / Chapter 4 --- Normalization Function: Numerical Treatment --- p.42 / Chapter 4.1 --- "Numerical Algorithm for g(x,w)" --- p.42 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Method --- p.42 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Equation governing R(z) --- p.45 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- "Equations governing A(x, z) and B(x, z)" --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2 --- "Numerical Algorithm for g(x, ´ؤw)" --- p.49 / Chapter 4.3 --- Numerical Result of q(γ) --- p.50 / Chapter 4.4 --- Comparison of Numerical Result with Analytic Approximations --- p.56 / Chapter 5 --- "Branch Cut Strength of G(x, y, w)" --- p.58 / Chapter 5.1 --- "Relation between q(γ) and ΔG(x,y, ´ؤiγ)" --- p.58 / Chapter 5.2 --- Proof of the Power Law --- p.60 / Chapter 5.3 --- "Numerical Results for ΔG(x, y, ´ؤiγ)" --- p.63 / Chapter 5.4 --- Study of a Physically Important Limit --- p.65 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Limiting x and y --- p.65 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Poles on the unphysical sheet --- p.69 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Zerilli potential --- p.77 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.81 / Chapter A --- Tortoise Coordinate --- p.84 / Chapter B --- Solution of the Generalized Coulomb Wave Equation --- p.86 / Chapter C --- Derivation of (5.1) --- p.88 / Bibliography --- p.89

In this dissertation we present four papers as chapters. In Chapter 2, we extended the techniques used for the Klein-Gordon Chain by Iooss, Kirchgässner, James, and Sire, to chains with non-nearest neighbor interactions. We look for travelling waves by reducing the Klein-Gordon chain with second nearest neighbor interaction to an advance-delay equation. Then we reduce the equation to a finite dimensional center manifold for some parameter regimes. By using the normal form expansion on the center manifold we were able to prove the existence of three different types of travelling solutions for the Klein Gordon Chain: periodic, quasi-periodic and homoclinic to periodic orbits with exponentially small amplitude. In Chapter 3 we include numerical methods for computing quasi-periodic solutions. We developed very efficient algorithms to compute smooth quasiperiodic equilibrium states of models in 1-D statistical mechanics models allowing non-nearest neighbor interactions. If we discretize a hull function using N Fourier coefficients, the algorithms require O(N) storage and a Newton step for the equilibrium equation requires only O(N log(N)) arithmetic operations. This numerical methods give rise to a criterion for the breakdown of quasi-periodic solutions. This criterion is presented in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5, we justify rigorously the criterion in Chapter 4. The justification of the criterion uses both Numerical KAM algorithms and rigorous results. The hypotheses of the theorem concern bounds on the Sobolev norms of a hull function and can be verified rigorously by the computer. The argument works with small modifications in all cases where there is an a posteriori KAM theorem. / text

Η πιο κάτω εργασία έχει σκοπό να περιγράψει την κβαντική μηχανική. Θα γίνει μια προσπάθεια συνδυασμού με την σχετικότητα σαν μια ενιαία θεωρία. Στη συνέχεια θα συζητηθεί η κβαντικη θεωρία πεδίων. Τελος θα συζητηθεί το ηλεκτρομαγνητικό πεδίο οι θεωρίες βαθμίδος και το πεδίο Yang-Mills. / The following essay will discuss the quantum theorem. It will present the field theorem and later we will discuss the Yang-Millw field.

<p>We examine the Einstein equation coupled to the Klein-Gordon equation for a complex-valued scalar field. These two equations together are known as the Einstein-Klein-Gordon system. In the low-field, non-relativistic limit, the Einstein-Klein-Gordon system reduces to the Poisson-Schrödinger system. We describe the simplest solutions of these systems in spherical symmetry, the spherically symmetric static states, and some scaling properties they obey. We also describe some approximate analytic solutions for these states.</p><p>The EKG system underlies a theory of wave dark matter, also known as scalar field dark matter (SFDM), boson star dark matter, and Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) dark matter. We discuss a possible connection between the theory of wave dark matter and the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation, which is a scaling relation observed to hold for disk galaxies in the universe across many decades in mass. We show how fixing boundary conditions at the edge of the spherically symmetric static states implies Tully-Fisher-like relations for the states. We also catalog other ``scaling conditions'' one can impose on the static states and show that they do not lead to Tully-Fisher-like relations--barring one exception which is already known and which has nothing to do with the specifics of wave dark matter.</p> / Dissertation

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T11:52:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-07-03Bitstream added on 2015-03-03T12:06:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000798812.pdf: 406540 bytes, checksum: 7793d5a1f9bfbe358b5dde7a7418b448 (MD5) / O século passado é considerado como a era das Teorias Quânticas de Campos. Desta forma, neste trabalho, forneceremos todos os detalhes de uma descoberta teórica inesperada de uma partícula de matéria de spin 1/2 com dimensão de massa 1. Esses espinores recebem o nome de ELKO, o qual vem do acrônimo alemão Eigenspinores des Ladungskonjugationsoperators, e são fundamentados em um conjunto completo de autoespinores de helicidade dual do operador conjugação de carga. O ELKO pertence a um subgrupo do grupo completo de Lorentz. Portanto, a lei de transformação entre suas componentes não é dada pela simetria de paridade, e desta maneira não satisfaz a equação de Dirac. Intrinsicamente nas somas de spin para o ELKO aparece um termo que quebra a simetria de Lorentz, levando então à apreciação da Very Special Relativity, que nada mais é do que um subgrupo do grupo de Lorentz, cuja álgebra deixa as somas de spin invariantes ou covariantes. Pela razão do propagador do ELKO ser o mesmo de Klein-Gordon a menos de um fator, a lagrangiana associada é a do campo escalar, por esta razão o ELKO é dotado de dimensão de massa 1 / The last century is considered as the era of Quantum Field Theories. Thus, in this work, we provide all the details of an unexpected theoretical discovery of a matter particle spin 1/2 endowed with mass dimension 1. These spinors are the so called ELKO, which comes from the German acronym Eigenspinores des Ladungskonjugationsoperators, based on a complete set of a dual helicity eigenspinors of the charge conjugation operator. ELKO belongs to a subgroup of the full Lorentz group. Therefore, the law of transformation between its components is not given by the parity symmetry, and thus it does not satisfies the Dirac equation. It appears, intrinsically in the spin sums a Lorentz symmetry breaking term, then it will be better analysed within the Very Special Relativity, which is a subgroup of the Lorentz group, whose algebra leaves the spin sums invariant or covariant under transformations. Since the ELKO propagator is the same of Klein-Gordon propagator apart from a term, than the associated lagrangian is the scalar field one, for this reason ELKO is endowed with mass dimension 1

In recent years, more and more efforts have been expended on the study of $n$-dimensional asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes $(\mathcal{M},g)$ as solutions to the Einstein vacuum equations \begin{align*} \mathrm{Ric}(g)=\frac{2}{n-2}\Lambda\, g \end{align*} with negative cosmological constant $\Lambda$. This has been motivated mainly by the conjectured instability of these solutions. The author of this thesis joins these efforts with two contributions, which are themselves independent of each other. In the first part, we are concerned with a superradiant instability for $n=4$. For any cosmological constant $\Lambda=-3/\ell^2$ and any $\alpha < 9/4$, we find a Kerr-AdS spacetime $(\mathcal{M},g_{\mathrm{KAdS}})$, in which the Klein-Gordon equation \begin{align*} \Box_g\psi+\frac{\alpha}{\ell^2}\psi=0 \end{align*} has an exponentially growing mode solution satisfying a Dirichlet boundary condition at infinity. The spacetime violates the Hawking-Reall bound $r_+^2 > |a|\ell$. We obtain an analogous result for Neumann boundary conditions if $5/4 < \alpha < 9/4$. Moreover, in the Dirichlet case, one can prove that, for any Kerr-AdS spacetime violating the Hawking-Reall bound, there exists an open family of masses $\alpha$ such that the corresponding Klein-Gordon equation permits exponentially growing mode solutions. Our result provides the first rigorous construction of a superradiant instability for a negative cosmological constant. In the second part, we study perturbations of five-dimensional Eguchi-Hanson-AdS spacetimes exhibiting biaxial Bianchi IX symmetry. Within this symmetry class, the Einstein vacuum equations are equivalent to a system of non-linear partial differential equations for the radius $r$ of the spheres, the Hawking mass $m$ and $B$, a quantity measuring the squashing of the spheres, which satisfies a non-linear wave equation. First we prove that the system is well-posed as an initial-boundary value problem around infinity $\mathcal{I}$ with $B$ satisfying a Dirichlet boundary condition. Second, we show that initial data in the biaxial Bianchi IX symmetry class around Eguchi-Hanson-AdS spacetimes cannot form horizons in the dynamical evolution.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-18T06:44:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-25T23:14:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 176939.pdf: 1707889 bytes, checksum: 090232a516ffe5d438b2d2f1b3180c69 (MD5) / Neste trabalho estuda-se um teorema abstrato, devido a Irwin E. Segal, para uma equação de evolução abstrata de primeira ordem envolvendo um operador autoadjunto sobre um espaço de Hilbert e uma função não-linear definida nesse espaço. Com adequadas hipóteses, sobre o operador e a não linearidade, obtém-se a existência de uma única solução local para o problema de Cauchy associado. Com hipóteses um pouco mais fortes, se obtém a existência de uma única solução global. Aplicações são apresentadas para algumas equações de ondas não-lineares em domínios não limitados, a saber: Equação de Klein-Gordon, Equação de Seno-Gordon, e um Sistema Acoplado de Klein-Gordon.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:57:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000755801.pdf: 1498292 bytes, checksum: db6c48b5f929bebfc7d39241139fbd52 (MD5) / Neste trabalho são analisadas as equaçoes de Dirac r Klein-Gordon com a estrutura de Lorentz mais geral para potenciais externos em 3 + 1 dimensões de espaço-tempo e correspondentes limites não relativisticos para o potencial eletromagnético, obtendo-se as equaçoes de Pauli para partículas de spin 1/2 e de Schrödinger para partículas de spin 0, respectivamente. Ainda na equação de Dirac em 1+1 dimensões s]ao discutidas as transformações: conjugação de carga, transformação quiral e transformação quiral contínua. Esta última transformação juntamente com a criação de um vínculo entre os potenciis escalar e vetorial permitiram desacoplar e mapear as soluções do componente superior do espinor de Rirac sob a perspectiva de um problema de Sturm-Liouville. O problema intrinsicamente relativístico de férmions massivos e não massivos em 1+1 dimensões sujeitos a potenciais degrau abrupto e degrau suave é considerado com uma mistura vetorial e escalar na estrutura de Lorentz com o acoplamento escalar maior ou igual ao acoplamento vetorial... / In this work we analyze the equations of Dirac and Klein-Gordon with the more general Lorentz structure for external potential in 3+1 dimensions of space-time and the corresponding non-relativistic limits for the electromagnetic potential, which was obtained the equations of Pauli for spin 1/2 particles and Schrondinger to spin 0 particles, respectively. Also in the Dirac equation in 1+1 dimension is discussed the transformation; charge-conjugation, chiral-conjugation and continuos chiral transformation. This last transformaton plus create of a link in scalar and vector potential enabling to decouple and mapping the solutions of the upper and lower parts of the Dirac spinor in a Sturm-Liouville perpective. The intrisically relativistic problem for massive or massless fermions in 1+1 dimension subject tu abrupt step and smooth step potential is considered with a mixing of vector coupling. In the Sturm-Liouville perspective ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Antonio Soares de Castro / Banca: Marcelo Batista Hott / Banca: Luis Rafael Benito Castro / Resumo : Neste trabalho são analisadas as equaçoes de Dirac r Klein-Gordon com a estrutura de Lorentz mais geral para potenciais externos em 3 + 1 dimensões de espaço-tempo e correspondentes limites não relativisticos para o potencial eletromagnético, obtendo-se as equaçoes de Pauli para partículas de spin 1/2 e de Schrödinger para partículas de spin 0, respectivamente. Ainda na equação de Dirac em 1+1 dimensões s]ao discutidas as transformações: conjugação de carga, transformação quiral e transformação quiral contínua. Esta última transformação juntamente com a criação de um vínculo entre os potenciis escalar e vetorial permitiram desacoplar e mapear as soluções do componente superior do espinor de Rirac sob a perspectiva de um problema de Sturm-Liouville. O problema intrinsicamente relativístico de férmions massivos e não massivos em 1+1 dimensões sujeitos a potenciais degrau abrupto e degrau suave é considerado com uma mistura vetorial e escalar na estrutura de Lorentz com o acoplamento escalar maior ou igual ao acoplamento vetorial ... ( Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In this work we analyze the equations of Dirac and Klein-Gordon with the more general Lorentz structure for external potential in 3+1 dimensions of space-time and the corresponding non-relativistic limits for the electromagnetic potential, which was obtained the equations of Pauli for spin 1/2 particles and Schrondinger to spin 0 particles, respectively. Also in the Dirac equation in 1+1 dimension is discussed the transformation; charge-conjugation, chiral-conjugation and continuos chiral transformation. This last transformaton plus create of a link in scalar and vector potential enabling to decouple and mapping the solutions of the upper and lower parts of the Dirac spinor in a Sturm-Liouville perpective. The intrisically relativistic problem for massive or massless fermions in 1+1 dimension subject tu abrupt step and smooth step potential is considered with a mixing of vector coupling. In the Sturm-Liouville perspective ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Realiza un estudio de la existencia y unicidad de soluciones para un problema semilineal aosciado a la ecuacipon similineal de Klein-Gordon. Las herramientas básicas que se utilizan son los espacios funcionales vectoriales y resultados de la teoría de semigrupos, como por ejemplo el teorema de Hille-Yosida. También se estudian la caracterización de las soluciones débiles asociadas a un problema semilineal bastante general modelado sobre un espacio de Banach X, probándose la existencia local de soluciones y el comportamiento general de las mismas. / Tesis