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1	Klinefelter's syndrome clinical, endocrinological and cytogenetical studies. Frøland, Anders, January 1969 (has links) Thesis--Copenhagen. / Summary in Danish. Bibliography: p. 101-106.
2	Klinefelter's syndrome clinical, endocrinological and cytogenetical studies. Frøland, Anders, January 1969 (has links) Thesis--Copenhagen. / Summary in Danish. Bibliography: p. 101-106.
3	An iPS-Based Approach to Study the Transcriptional and Epigenetic Consequences of X-Chromosome Aneuploidies Alowaysi, Maryam 08 1900 (has links) Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) is a multisystemic disorder associated with a plethora of phenotypic features including mental retardation, cardiac abnormalities, osteoporosis, infertility, gynecomastia, type two diabetes and increased cancer risk. KS is the most common aneuploidy in humans (with a prevalence of 1:500 to 1:1000 born males) and is characterized by one or more supernumerary X-chromosomes (47-XXY, 48-XXXY, and 49-XXXXY karyotypes). While X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) represses extra Xs, few genes called “escape genes” elude the XCI mechanism and are actively transcribed from X inactive. The overdosage of escape genes has been considered the molecular landscape that underlies KS clinical features. In this project, we exploit an integration-free reprogramming method to generate the largest described cohort of iPSCs from seven patients with KS and healthy donor fibroblasts from two relatives. The unicity of this cohort relies on the derivation of 47-XXY iPSCs and their isogenic 46-XY healthy counterparts, along with multiple rare 48-XXXY and 49-XXXXY iPSC lines. Through X chromosome inactivation (XCI) assessment, we show consistent retention of n-1 XCI in all derived KS-iPSCs. We identify the genes within the PAR1 region as the most susceptible to dosage-dependent transcriptional dysregulation and therefore putatively responsible for the progressively worsening phenotype in higher grade X aneuploidies. Moreover, we explore the transcriptional impact of X overdosage on autosomes and identify that the X-dosage-sensitive autosomal transcription factor NRF1 is a master regulator of the X-linked escape gene ZFX. Finally, we dissect the potential pathological impact of the escape gene KDM6A on low- and high-grade supernumerary X iPSCs and differentiated derivatives. We highlight a considerable proportion of KDM6A targets that could be responsible for paradigmatic clinical manifestations of KS. Klinefelter syndrome iPSCs X chromosome inactivation gene-dosage pseudo-autosomal region escape genes
4	Klinefelter syndrome: the effects of early hormonal intervention on competence and behavioral phenotype Chen, Lauren 17 June 2016 (has links) Klinefelter syndrome (KS) (47,XXY) is the most common sex chromosomal anomaly in males with a prevalence of 1 in 650 males. This clinically relevant condition represents 3%-4% of the total patient population in male reproductive medicine practices. Klinefelter syndrome can manifest in different physical, cognitive, and behavioral phenotypes. The classical phenotypic descriptions are gynecomastia, hypotonia, tall stature, and hypogonadism. Currently there is no known treatment plan for adolescents who are diagnosed with this genetic condition. However, it has been hypothesized that early intervention through androgen replacement therapy can emulate a normal progression of puberty and improve the academic, social, and behavioral aspects of these adolescents. Using standardized instruments, in the form of the Children Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Youth Self Report (YSR), we captured data on the patient’s competence and behavior, as well as the parents’ views on their child’s competence and behavior. These data were converted into percentile scores, T scores, and categorical data (normal, intermediate, and clinical). Difference of means was used to test for statistically significant differences between the scores of the KS patients and their parents on competence and behavioral aspects. T test for equality of means was run to determine if there was a significant difference between group scores. Pearson correlation tests were done to see if there was an association between demographics of patients and competence/behavioral scores. We believed that there would be no statistically significant difference between how the parents score their child in the CBCL and how the child scores himself in the YSR in terms of demographics. We also believed that there would be no statistically significant difference or correlation between demographics and individual competence/behavioral scores. A total of 39 groups of surveys were collected, together with demographic information on the maternal and paternal ages when the child was born, patient age, patient age when starting testosterone, patient age when starting anastrazole, and patient height and weight. We examined concordance frequencies in specific areas of the competence and behavioral questionnaires. Concordance was when the parent and the child agreed and evaluated the child as normal, intermediate, or clinical. Discordance was when the parents and the child disagreed; for example, the parent evaluated the child as “clinical,” but the child evaluated himself as “normal.” This study, to our knowledge, is the first chart review study that involves a wide age range of males with KS. The study extends previous findings by providing data on how early hormonal intervention can improve the outlook of these patients’ lives. When taking aromatase inhibitors, the KS adolescents showed an overall reduction of aggression and rule-breaking behavior. When taking testosterone at an earlier age, the patient was less likely to have withdrawal depression. We also found the most discordance in total competence scores, suggesting that some parents may have unrealistic academic expectations for their child. Thus, when examining the data, we had to be aware that there were varying views of success, which can shape how parents and child answer their respective surveys. Our findings demonstrate the significance of early detection and treatment of Klinefelter syndrome, a disorder that is severely under-diagnosed throughout the world. The results also show that the desire of parents for their KS child to do well in school may affect their opinions on how their child is actually performing. Some limitations to this study include the decision to receive early hormonal intervention that was made exclusively between parents and their urologist. Furthermore, the socioeconomic status (SES) and educational characteristics of the families were not properly controlled, although the patient population was mostly likely similar because of the location of the clinic. Future Klinefelter syndrome studies will need to focus on identifying the factors that contribute to the variability of behavioral symptoms. In turn, these studies will support the continuing development of evidence-based treatments for adolescents with Klinefelter syndrome. Medicine Early hormonal intervention Hypogonadism 47,XXY Klinefelter syndrome (KS) Testosterone
5	Antropometria do pênis em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico / Penile anthropometry in systemic lupus erythematosus Vecchi, Ana Paula 03 July 2012 (has links) Objetivo: Avaliar a antropometria do pênis em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) e controles. A possível influência da puberdade e dos fatores clínicos, hormonais e terapêuticos nas mediadas penianas em pacientes lúpicos. Métodos: Vinte e cinco pacientes consecutivos com LES foram avaliados através de exame urológico, ultrassonografia testicular com Doppler, dosagem hormonal [folículo estimulante (FSH), hormônio luteinizante (LH), prolactina, dosagem total de testosterona pela manhã e inibina B] e análise genética (síndrome Klinefelter e microdeleção do cromossomo Y). Comprimento do pênis foi medido como a distância linear ao longo do lado dorsal do pênis que se estende desde a junção da pele pubopeniana à ponta da glande no estado flácido, enquanto que a circunferência do pênis foi medida no ponto médio do eixo. As características clínicas, SLEDAI, SLICC / ACR-DI, e tratamento também foram avaliados. O grupo controle incluiu 25 homens de idade comparável e saudáveis. Resultados: Pacientes com LES tiveram o comprimento médio do pênis e da sua circunferência significantemente menor, em comparação aos controles [8 (7,5-10) vs. 10 (8-13) cm, p=0,0001; 8 (7-10) vs. 10 cm (11/07) , p=0,001; respectivamente], e mediana do volume testicular direito e esquerdo por Prader [15 (10-25) vs. 20 (12-25) cm, p=0,003; 15 (25/10) vs. 20 (12-25) cm, p=0,006, respectivamente], maior mediana de FSH [5,8 (2,1- 25) vs. 3,3 (1,9-9) UI/l, p=0,002] e menores níveis de testosterona total, dosados pela manhã (28% versus 0%, p = 0,009 ) quando comparados aos controles. Apesar desses achados, a disfunção erétil não foi observada nos pacientes ou controles. Outras análises revelaram que a mediana da circunferência do pênis foi menor nos pacientes com LES que tiveram o início da doença antes da primeira ejaculação [7,8 (7-10) vs. 9,0 (7,5-10) cm, p=0,026] em comparação com aqueles que começaram a doença após a primeira ejaculação. Antropometria do pênis no lúpus não esteve relacionado aos baixos níveis de testosterona total (p=0,662), ao SLEDAI 4 (p=0,562), SLICC / ACR-DI 1 (p=0,478), nem a dose cumulativa de prednisona (p=0,789), ou ciclofosfamida endovenosa (p=0,754). Síndrome de Klinefelter (46XY/47XXY) foi diagnosticada em apenas um (4%) paciente com LES, e este apresentava diminuição do tamanho do pênis. Já a microdeleção do cromossomo Y esteve ausente em todos eles. Conclusões: Nós identificamos redução das dimensões do pênis em pacientes com LES sem efeito deletério na função erétil. A diminuição da circunferência do pênis esteve associada ao início da doença antes da espermarca. / Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate penile anthropometry in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients compared with healthy controls and the possible relevant pubertal, clinical,hormonal and treatment factors that could influence penile dimensions. Methods: Twenty-five consecutive SLE patients were assessed by urological examination, sexual function, testicular ultrasound, hormones, sperm analysis, genetic analysis, clinical features and treatment. The control group included 25 age-matched healthy males. Results: SLE patients had a lower median penis length and circumference [8 (7.510) vs. 10 (813) cm, p=0.0001; 8 (710) vs. 10 (711) cm, p=0.001; respectively], lower median testicular volume by right and left Prader [15 (1025) vs. 20 (1225) ml, p=0.003; 15 (1025) vs. 20 (1225) ml, p=0.006; respectively], higher median of follicle-stimulating hormone [5.8 (2.125) vs. 3.3 (1.99) IU/l, p¼0.002] and lower morning total testosterone levels (28% vs. 0%, p¼0.009) compared with controls. In spite of that, erectile dysfunction was not observed in patients or controls. Analyses of lupus patients revealed that the median penis circumference was lower in patients with disease onset before first ejaculation compared with those with disease onset after first ejaculation [7.8 (710) vs. 9.0 (7.510) cm, p=0.026]. No differences were observed in the median penile anthropometry regarding sexual dysfunction (p=0.610), lower morning total testosterone levels (p=0.662), oligo/azoospermia (p=0.705), SLE Disease Activity Index 4 (p=0.562), Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ACR Damage Index 1 (p=0.478), prednisone cumulative dose (p=0.789) and intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy (p=0.754). Klinefelter´s syndrome (46XY/47XXY) was diagnosed in one (4%) SLE patient with decreased penile size whereas Y-chromosomal microdeletions was absent in all of them. Conclusion: we have identified reduced penile dimensions in SLE patients with no deleterious effect in erectile function. Disease onset before first ejaculation seems to affect penis development in pre-pubertal lupus. Fertilidade Fertility Klinefelter syndrome Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico Male Masculino Pênis Penis size Síndrome de Klinefelter Systemic lupus erythematosus
6	Antropometria do pênis em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico / Penile anthropometry in systemic lupus erythematosus Ana Paula Vecchi 03 July 2012 (has links) Objetivo: Avaliar a antropometria do pênis em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) e controles. A possível influência da puberdade e dos fatores clínicos, hormonais e terapêuticos nas mediadas penianas em pacientes lúpicos. Métodos: Vinte e cinco pacientes consecutivos com LES foram avaliados através de exame urológico, ultrassonografia testicular com Doppler, dosagem hormonal [folículo estimulante (FSH), hormônio luteinizante (LH), prolactina, dosagem total de testosterona pela manhã e inibina B] e análise genética (síndrome Klinefelter e microdeleção do cromossomo Y). Comprimento do pênis foi medido como a distância linear ao longo do lado dorsal do pênis que se estende desde a junção da pele pubopeniana à ponta da glande no estado flácido, enquanto que a circunferência do pênis foi medida no ponto médio do eixo. As características clínicas, SLEDAI, SLICC / ACR-DI, e tratamento também foram avaliados. O grupo controle incluiu 25 homens de idade comparável e saudáveis. Resultados: Pacientes com LES tiveram o comprimento médio do pênis e da sua circunferência significantemente menor, em comparação aos controles [8 (7,5-10) vs. 10 (8-13) cm, p=0,0001; 8 (7-10) vs. 10 cm (11/07) , p=0,001; respectivamente], e mediana do volume testicular direito e esquerdo por Prader [15 (10-25) vs. 20 (12-25) cm, p=0,003; 15 (25/10) vs. 20 (12-25) cm, p=0,006, respectivamente], maior mediana de FSH [5,8 (2,1- 25) vs. 3,3 (1,9-9) UI/l, p=0,002] e menores níveis de testosterona total, dosados pela manhã (28% versus 0%, p = 0,009 ) quando comparados aos controles. Apesar desses achados, a disfunção erétil não foi observada nos pacientes ou controles. Outras análises revelaram que a mediana da circunferência do pênis foi menor nos pacientes com LES que tiveram o início da doença antes da primeira ejaculação [7,8 (7-10) vs. 9,0 (7,5-10) cm, p=0,026] em comparação com aqueles que começaram a doença após a primeira ejaculação. Antropometria do pênis no lúpus não esteve relacionado aos baixos níveis de testosterona total (p=0,662), ao SLEDAI 4 (p=0,562), SLICC / ACR-DI 1 (p=0,478), nem a dose cumulativa de prednisona (p=0,789), ou ciclofosfamida endovenosa (p=0,754). Síndrome de Klinefelter (46XY/47XXY) foi diagnosticada em apenas um (4%) paciente com LES, e este apresentava diminuição do tamanho do pênis. Já a microdeleção do cromossomo Y esteve ausente em todos eles. Conclusões: Nós identificamos redução das dimensões do pênis em pacientes com LES sem efeito deletério na função erétil. A diminuição da circunferência do pênis esteve associada ao início da doença antes da espermarca. / Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate penile anthropometry in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients compared with healthy controls and the possible relevant pubertal, clinical,hormonal and treatment factors that could influence penile dimensions. Methods: Twenty-five consecutive SLE patients were assessed by urological examination, sexual function, testicular ultrasound, hormones, sperm analysis, genetic analysis, clinical features and treatment. The control group included 25 age-matched healthy males. Results: SLE patients had a lower median penis length and circumference [8 (7.510) vs. 10 (813) cm, p=0.0001; 8 (710) vs. 10 (711) cm, p=0.001; respectively], lower median testicular volume by right and left Prader [15 (1025) vs. 20 (1225) ml, p=0.003; 15 (1025) vs. 20 (1225) ml, p=0.006; respectively], higher median of follicle-stimulating hormone [5.8 (2.125) vs. 3.3 (1.99) IU/l, p¼0.002] and lower morning total testosterone levels (28% vs. 0%, p¼0.009) compared with controls. In spite of that, erectile dysfunction was not observed in patients or controls. Analyses of lupus patients revealed that the median penis circumference was lower in patients with disease onset before first ejaculation compared with those with disease onset after first ejaculation [7.8 (710) vs. 9.0 (7.510) cm, p=0.026]. No differences were observed in the median penile anthropometry regarding sexual dysfunction (p=0.610), lower morning total testosterone levels (p=0.662), oligo/azoospermia (p=0.705), SLE Disease Activity Index 4 (p=0.562), Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ACR Damage Index 1 (p=0.478), prednisone cumulative dose (p=0.789) and intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy (p=0.754). Klinefelter´s syndrome (46XY/47XXY) was diagnosed in one (4%) SLE patient with decreased penile size whereas Y-chromosomal microdeletions was absent in all of them. Conclusion: we have identified reduced penile dimensions in SLE patients with no deleterious effect in erectile function. Disease onset before first ejaculation seems to affect penis development in pre-pubertal lupus. Fertilidade Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico Masculino Pênis Síndrome de Klinefelter Fertility Klinefelter syndrome Male Penis size Systemic lupus erythematosus
7	Imagerie Avancée du testicule : Echographie et IRM multiparamétriques / Advanced Testis Imaging : Multiparametric Ultrasound and MRI Rocher, Laurence 09 December 2016 (has links) Résumé : L’imagerie testiculaire développée dans notre unité a deux thématiques principales : l’infertilité et la caractérisation tumorale. Cette imagerie est basée sur l’échographie et l’IRM multiparamétriques. Nous avons défini des critères diagnostiques pour différentes pathologies, ayant un impact sur la prise en charge des patients, et évalué des modalités innovantes.Nous avons caractérisé l’aspect des testicules de patients infertiles porteurs d’un syndrome de Klinefelter. Nous avons déterminé l’aspect en Mode B et en Doppler couleur des tumeurs à cellules de Leydig dont la plupart sont actuellement découvertes de façon fortuite et peuvent bénéficier d’une surveillance ou d’une tumorectomie. Nous avons défini les critères diagnostiques des tumeurs éteintes ou «burned out tumors» découvertes en écho-Doppler chez des patients adressés pour bilan d’infertilité.Nous avons montré la capacité de l’IRM multiparamétrique à améliorer la caractérisation tumorale, par l’analyse qualitative et quantitative du rehaussement et par la valeur du coefficient de diffusion (ADC).L’échographie de contraste a montré des différences significatives entre les tumeurs éteintes et les autres lésions.L’élastographie par onde de cisaillement a montré des différences de dureté entre les testicules des patients infertiles par mécanisme obstructif et non obstructif mais le chevauchement des valeurs minimise l’impact clinique potentiel. Les tumeurs bénignes à cellules de Leydig étaient plus molles que les tumeurs malignes et les tumeurs éteintes. Le couplage des informations données par le mode B, le Doppler couleur, et l’élastographie ont permis une caractérisation optimale.Le Doppler ultrasensible a permis une analyse qualitative de l’architecture vasculaire des tumeurs, de la vascularisation testiculaire dans les urgences scrotales et une quantification de la vascularisation testiculaire. Nous avons objectivé une diminution de la vascularisation testiculaire pendant la manœuvre de Valsalva chez les patients avec varicocèle, ce qui représente une explication physiopathologique à l’infertilité par mécanisme hypoxique. / The testicular imaging we developped in our department focused on two main subjects: infertility and tumoral characterization. It is based on multiparametric ultrasound and MRI. We defined diagnostic criteria of several pathologies, which may change the patient’s management, and we evaluated new modalities.We characterized Klinefelter patient’s testis.We determined the Color-Doppler features of Leydig cell tumors which are currently incidentally discovered and can benefit from monitoring or tumorectomy.We defined multiparametric US and MRI diagnostic’s criteria of burned out tumors in patients referred for US infertility screening.We demonstrated the ability of multiparametric MRI to improve the tumoral characterization using qualitative and quantitative enhancement parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient values.CEUS showed significant differences between the burned out tumors and other lesions.. Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) showed significant differences in testicular stiffness between normal, obstructive azoospermia on one side and non-obstructive azoospermic patients, but overlapped values seemed to minimize the potential clinical impact. Benign Leydig cell were softer compared to malignant tumors and burned out tumors. Association of B mode, color Doppler, and elastography allowed an optimal characterization.Ultrasensitive Doppler allowed a qualitative evaluation of the tumoral vascular architecture, a testicular vascularization assessment in case of acute scrotum, and a testicular perfusion quantification. We demonstrated a decreased testicular vascularization during the Valsalva maneuver confirming the hypoxic physiopathological explanation of the infertility process. Testicule Echo-Doppler Elastographie Infertilité masculine Doppler ultrasensible Syndrome de Klinefelter Tumeurs testiculaires Testis Doppler Ultrasound Elastography Male infertility Ultrasensitive Doppler Klinefelter Syndrome Testicular tumors
8	Jesus Christ’s humanity in the contexts of the pre-fall and post-fall natures of humanity: a comparative and critical evaluative study of the views of Jack Sequeira, Millard J. Erickson and Norman R. Gulley Mwale, Emanuel 12 1900 (has links) Bibliography: leaves 653-669 / Before God created human beings, He devised a plan to save them in case they sinned. In this plan, the second Person of the Godhead would become human. Thus, the incarnation of the second Person of the Godhead was solely for the purpose of saving fallen, sinful human beings. There would have been no incarnation if human beings had not sinned. Thus, the nature of the mission that necessitated the incarnation determined what kind of human nature Jesus was to assume. It was sin that necessitated the incarnation – sin as a tendency and sin as an act of disobedience. In His incarnational life and later through His death on Calvary’s cross, Jesus needed to deal with this dual problem of sin. In order for Him to achieve this, He needed to identify Himself with the fallen humanity in such a way that He would qualify to be the substitute for the fallen humanity. In His role as fallen humanity’s substitute, He would die vicariously and at the same time have sin as a tendency rendered impotent. Jesus needed to assume a human nature that would qualify Him to be an understanding and sympathetic High Priest. He needed to assume a nature that would qualify Him to be an example in overcoming temptation and suffering. Thus, in this study, after comparing and critically evaluating the Christological views of Jack Sequeira, Millard J. Erickson and Norman R. Gulley, I propose that Jesus assumed a unique post-fall (postlapsarian) human nature. He assumed the very nature that all human beings since humankind’s fall have, with its tendency or leaning towards sin. However, unlike other human beings, who are sinners by nature and need a saviour, Jesus was not a sinner. I contend that Jesus was unique because, first and foremost, He was conceived in Mary’s womb by the power of the Holy Spirit and was filled with the Holy Spirit throughout His earthly life. Second; He was the God-Man; and third, He lived a sinless life. This study contributes to literature on Christology, and uniquely to Christological dialogue between Evangelical and Seventh-day Adventist theologians. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D. Phil. (Systematic Theology) Adoptionism Alleles Anhypostatic Christology Anthropotokos Alternative Christology Apollinarianism Apthartodocetism Arianism Augustinian model Autosomal chromosomes Autosomal inheritance Born-again Christology Chalcedonian creed Christology from above Christotokos Chromosomes Chromosomal abnormalities Cloning Co-dominance Communicatio idiomatum Complementary base pairing Cri-du-chat syndrome Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Diploid cell Docetism Dominant gene Down syndrome Dynamic incarnation Dynamic monarchianism Eastern Orthodox Christology Ebionitism Embryogenesis Eutychianism Evangelical Christology Existential Christology Functional Christology Genes Gene mutation Gene expression Genome Genotype Gnosticism Hamartiology Haploid cell Heterozygous History of Jesus’ Christology Homoiousios Theology Homozygous Human cloning Immaculate conception Incarnation Incarnational life Inheritance Karyotype Kenoticism Klinefelter syndrome Logos-flesh Christology Meiosis Mitosis Modalistic monarchianism Monarchianism Monophysitism Mutation Nestorianism Nicene Creed One-nature Christology Ontological Christology Organogenesis Patripassianism Phenotype Polygenic inheritance Post lapsarian view/model Prelapsarian view/model Recessive gene Roman Catholic Christology Sabellianism Seventh-day Adventist Christology Sex chromosomes Sex-linked inheritance Speculative Christology Theotokos Turner syndrome Two-natures Christology Unique post-fall Christology Socinianism Soteriology Theotokos Turner syndrome Two-natures Christology Unique post-fall Christology Virginal conception 231.4 Seventh-Day Adventists -- Doctrines Salvation -- Seventh-Day Adventists Fall of man -- History of doctrines Jesus Christ -- History of doctrines Sequerra, Jack Erickson, Millard J. Gulley, Norman R.

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