To increase the knowledge about the growth of hazel (Corylus avellana)and size distribution of the shoots, circumference and stem diameter wasmeasured in a total of 54 clones in two areas in Östergötland. Further, thewidth of growth rings was determined for separate years. The diameter ofthe stems was measured both out from the centre of the stem andperpendicular to the first measure. The stems showed only a weaktendency to have an oval shape (with the longest side outwards from thecentre). The growth model did not improve when the degree of sunlightof clones was taken into the account. Therefore it is possible to use asimple and general growth model for the shoots of hazel. Such a modelwas then used to estimate the age of hazel from the diameter of the clone. / För att öka kunskapen om hasselns (Corylus avellana) tillväxt ochstorleksfördelning av skott mättes omkrets och stamdiameter på totalt 54kloner i två olika områden i Östergötland. Vidare bestämdesårsringsbredden för enskilda år. Stammarnas diameter mättes både utåtfrån centrum och vinkelrätt mot det första måttet. Stammarna uppvisadeendast en svag tendens att vara ovala (störst mått i utåtriktningen).Tillväxtmodellen förbättrades inte av att ta hänsyn till hur ljust hasselnstod. Det är alltså möjligt att använda en enkel generell tillväxtmodell förskott av hassel. En sådan användes sedan för att beräkna åldern påhasselkloner utifrån deras diameter.

A restricted version of the Galois connection between polymorphisms and invariants, called Pol−CInv, is studied, where the invariant relations are restricted to so-called clausal relations. In this context, the relationship of maximal C-clones and maximal clones is investigated. It is shown that, with the exception of one special case occurring for Boolean domains, maximal C-clones are never maximal clones. / Wir untersuchen eine eingeschränkte Variante der Galoisverbindung zwischen Polymorphismen und invarianten Relationen, bezeichnet mit Pol−CInv, wobei die invarianten Relationen auf sogenannte klausale Relationen beschränkt werden. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Beziehung zwischen maximalen C-Klonen und maximalen Klonen betrachtet. Es wird gezeigt, daß, mit Ausnahme eines Spezialfalles für Boolesche Grundmengen, maximale C-Klone niemals maximale Klone sind.

No description available.

A restricted version of the Galois connection between polymorphisms and invariants, called Pol−CInv, is studied, where the invariant relations are restricted to so-called clausal relations. In this context, the relationship of maximal C-clones and maximal clones is investigated. It is shown that, with the exception of one special case occurring for Boolean domains, maximal C-clones are never maximal clones.:1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 3 Proof of the main theorem 3.1 Principle of proof 3.2 Bounded orders 3.3 Non-trivial congruences 3.4 Selfdual functions 3.5 Quasilinear functions 3.6 Functions preserving central and h-regular relations 4 Concluding remarks References / Wir untersuchen eine eingeschränkte Variante der Galoisverbindung zwischen Polymorphismen und invarianten Relationen, bezeichnet mit Pol−CInv, wobei die invarianten Relationen auf sogenannte klausale Relationen beschränkt werden. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Beziehung zwischen maximalen C-Klonen und maximalen Klonen betrachtet. Es wird gezeigt, daß, mit Ausnahme eines Spezialfalles für Boolesche Grundmengen, maximale C-Klone niemals maximale Klone sind.:1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 3 Proof of the main theorem 3.1 Principle of proof 3.2 Bounded orders 3.3 Non-trivial congruences 3.4 Selfdual functions 3.5 Quasilinear functions 3.6 Functions preserving central and h-regular relations 4 Concluding remarks References

Xenopus leavis was a favorite model organism during the 20th. century, but nowadays it has been replaced by diploid Xenopus tropicalis, which has not only shorter generation time, but also smaller genom. One of the disadvantages of Xenopus tropicalis is the lack of full physical and linkage map. According to JGI genome database (assembly 4.1) there are unmapped regions on short arm of the chromosome 2 and 7 . Several BAC clones ( with a single or dual-end sequence) has been found to be located within this region, according to a recent assembly 7.1. However , it isn't clear whether 100bp length of BAC ends is enough to place entire BAC clone into the genom of Xenopus tropicalis. In order to prove correct inclusion of these BAC clones into JGI database, several BAC clones, which are supposed to be located on short arm of chromosome 2, were picked. Using fluorescence in situ hybridisation, the signal of these BAC clones was localised on the short arm of chromosome 1 instead of chromosome 2 and in most cases they had opposite orientation. It means that the 100bp lenght of BAC ends propably isn't sufficient to place entire BAC clone on chromosome. New working protocol of BAC DNA isolation and labeling was established.

No description available.

Zugleich: Diss. Göttingen, 2008. / Literaturverz.

Techn. University, Diss., 2000--Dresden.

The aim of the presented work was to evaluate measured data in a Paulovnia plantation clone in vitro 112 grown in Strelice u Brna during the years of 2016 and 2017. This clone is a hybrid of Paulownia elongata × Paulownia fortunei. In 2016, 686 carefully marked plants were planted at the plot. The whole area of plantation was separated into the four sectors according to micro-relief of the terrain and use of a different drill diameter during the planting, what results has been reflected. Furthermore, three different approaches of protection against frost damage, specifically bandage of stem by non-woven fabric, cower of stem base part (root neck) by peat or soil, were applied. From the obtained results, during the first two years after planting, come out that root system of clone in vitro 112 is resistant to frost damage despite to applied cower of soil or peat, and that above part of plant can be protected by bandage, but it is necessary to investigate the best time for bandage removing as during this procedure flushing shoots were mostly broken. Bandage did not protect the tested plants against frost damage as well as all the rest tested protection approaches. On the average, the frost damaged about 72 % of plant height downward from the top. Total mortality of plants planted in 2016 was 4 % in the autumn of 2017, therefore we can deduce that mortality will be not limiting factor for Paulovnia growing in CR. Next considering parameter was an occurrence of stem forking (two or three sprouts per stem), which occurred only on 2 % of plants. When keeping the basic silvicultural technology during plantation and consequent tending of plantation, Paulownia clone in vitro 112 can grow under conditions of the Czech Republic.

We present an axiomatization of relational varieties, i.e., classes of relational structures closed under formation of products and retracts, by a certain class of first-order sentences. We apply this result to categorically equivalent algebras and primal algebras. We consider the relational varieties generated by structures with minimal clone, rigid structures and two-element structures.