abstract: There is a gap between today's scientific advances and their application--between what is known and what is actually being done. This gap occurs because of the process of knowledge translation required to digest research findings for policymakers and practitioners. Studies have repeatedly shown that because of this "know-do" gap, approximately one-half of patients in the United States and Europe are not receiving care according to the most recent scientific evidence. Children are a medically unique and underserved population that stands to be most affected by this gap. Therefore, in this study, the research-practice gap in the pediatric field was calculated and discussed in the context of knowledge brokers, who facilitate opportunities for knowledge translation. Article mentions from the journal Pediatrics were identified in policy documents and analyzed for the years 2010, 2013, and 2016 with the use of the Altmetric platform as a quantitative means of identifying patterns and drawing conclusions about the knowledge translation gap in pediatrics. Altmetric is a bibliometric tool that offers viable insights into the types of impact not covered with traditional methods of citation analysis. The expert policymaking bodies that cited the Pediatrics articles in their policy documents were coded, categorized, and subcategorized to clarify how and where Pediatrics research is ultimately being used to create health policy and to discover whether the gap is similar or different between the various types of policymaking organizations. This allowed the quantitative findings to be nested within a qualitative context. It took a mean of 7.1 years for research to reach the point of policy uptake for practitioners, with a range of 0-32.8 years. There were more international policy mentions than U.S. mentions, but information made its way through the knowledge translation process more quickly in the United States than it did elsewhere. In fact, nearly 40% of articles were cited in policy fewer than five years after original publication. The gap in pediatrics is thus significantly shorter than the 17-year average reported in the literature. However, knowledge brokerage activities performed by technical communicators are continually needed to build links between research, policy applications, and practice. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Technical Communication 2018

Depuis sa parution, la Déclaration de Montréal pour un développement responsable de l’Intelligence Artificielle (DM) fait beaucoup parler d’elle et du processus de délibération qui la fit naître. Cette démarche a permis de stimuler l’engagement de citoyens concernés qui souhaitaient avoir leur mot à dire sur leur avenir – un avenir dans lequel l’intelligence artificielle (IA) aura une place de choix. En impliquant aussi des experts, des responsables publics, des représentants de l’écosystème IA, des organisations civiles et des ordres professionnels dans la démarche consultative, on pouvait compter sur une vaste présence de parties prenantes pour élaborer un document normatif qui serait pertinent pour tous. Cependant, peu importe la rigueur mise dans la création d’un cadre éthique, impossible d’échapper au défi de sa pérennisation et la diffusion à un public large pour qu’ils soient appropriés et mis en œuvre. Cet exercice est d’autant plus difficile si l’on n’est pas parvenu à y intéresser la société civile ou que le cadre leur est étranger ou incompréhensible. Comment faire connaitre et comprendre aux principaux concernés un document tel que la DM, qui traite d’éthique et d’IA, afin qu’il ait l’impact qu’on attend de lui à long terme? Pour ce faire, l’utilisation du récit narratif peut s’avérer un puissant outil de vulgarisation scientifique et d’accessibilité. Dans ce mémoire, qui se veut être un plaidoyer pour l’éthique accessible, rencontrez LINK, le protagoniste de L’Histoire de LINK. Cette histoire mettant en mot et en image les principes de la DM et les particularités de l’IA qu’elle cherche à tempérer. Apprenez comment cette histoire a été conçue et comment le récit narratif peut se mettre au service de la bioéthique afin de faire la promotion de ses outils et impliquer davantage une diversité de parties prenantes. / Since its release, the Montreal Declaration for a Responsible Development of Artificial Intelligence (DM) has been the subject of much discussion, as has the deliberative process that led to this framework. This process stimulated the engagement of concerned citizens who wanted to have a say in their future – a future in which artificial intelligence (AI) will have a prominent place. By also involving in the consultative process experts, public officials, representatives of the AI ecosystem, civil organizations and professional bodies, this broad stakeholder presence enabled the development of a normative document that would be pertinent for all. However, no matter how rigorous the process of creating an ethical framework, there remains the challenge of sustaining and disseminating it to a wide audience so that it can be appropriated and implemented. This exercise is all the more difficult if one has not managed to interest civil society, or if the framework is foreign or incomprehensible. How can a document such as the DM, which deals with ethics and AI, be made accessible and understandable to diverse stakeholders, so that it has the hoped-for long-term impact? One approach, I suggest, is to use narrative storytelling which can be a powerful tool for scientific popularization and accessibility. In this thesis, which is an argument for accessible ethics, we meet LINK, the protagonist of The Story of LINK. This story puts into words and images the principles of the DM and the particularities of AI that it seeks to address. The thesis shows how this story was conceived and explores how narrative storytelling can be used in the service of bioethics to promote its tools and further engage a diversity of stakeholders.