Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / BACKGROUND: The scourge of HIV and AIDS on the people of Lesotho is a huge public health problem faced by the country’s Ministry of Health and in 2005 the national adult HIV prevalence rate was 23% (WHO, 2009). It is estimated the one in every four adults in the country is HIV positive and in 2012, new HIV infection per year was estimated to be 18,000 (MoH Lesotho, 2014). The 2014 health reform by the Ministry of Health, Lesotho plans to capacitate village health workers (VHWs) to play an important role in addressing Lesotho's most urgent health crises which are: to reduce child mortality, to improve maternal health, to combat HIV/AIDS and other diseases. This is because VHWs and primary health care nurses (PHC nurses) are in vital positions to identify, manage or refer such patients for appropriate care. Studies have shown that between 74.4% - 90% of HIV infected people present with at least one oral lesions in the course of the disease. Health care workers need to have adequate knowledge of these conditions for effective management thereof. AIM: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses and VHW in Butha-Buthe district with respect to oral HIV/AIDS manifestations. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted on one hundred and forty-one Village health workers and nurses in Butha-Buthe district of Lesotho. A self– administered questionnaire was used to gather information on demographic characteristics of the participants and their knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the management of oral lesions associated with HIV. Analysis was done using the SPSS statistical software package. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distributions and cross tabulations was generated and the results were summarized in tables and figures. RESULTS: The ages of the participants ranged between 21 and over 50 years. There majority were female (83.7%). And two thirds had a secondary school education. The healthcare providers that had ten years or less of service accounted for 59.6% of the respondents and 0.7% had more than 30 years of service. Most of the respondents (97.9%) had previous knowledge on oral lesions related to HIV/AIDS but only (8.2 %) reported having received knowledge through training institutions. The majority (79.3%) identified oral candidiasis (OC) as the most common lesion found in people living with HIV/AIDS while lesions of NOMA, aphthous ulceration, Kaposi’s sarcoma and herpes zoster were the least identified lesions by the respondents. The findings showed that 67.4% of the participants washed their hands routinely with water only whereas 66.7% routinely washed their hands with antiseptics. However, a majority of them (96.5%) said that they washed their hands with water and soap routinely. CONCLUSION: There are however gaps in the knowledge, attitude and practices of nurses and VHWs in Butha-Buthe district to oral HIV/AIDS manifestations. Improvement in the knowledge and ability of these cadres of health care providers to recognize and manage such lesions can be done through an introduction of such training in their school curriculum. It may also be necessary to continuously have seminars aimed at training and retraining these cadres of health workers on this topic. It is also worrisome that a high number of the participants indicated they didn’t strictly adhere to standard precautions as stipulated by WHO. It may be necessary to conduct studies to assess reasons for their infection control practices.

The environmental sustainability challenges faced by society represent a discontinuity that requires new systemic ways of thinking and approaching problems. For business and consumers this entails finding new ways of creating value. In this respect, this study argues that an important source of value lies in efficient service co-creation between business and consumers in the consumption process. To this end, this study set out to explore the potential of business-to-consumer co-creation to advance solutions to sustainable consumption in the grocery retail setting. Exploratory qualitative research was conducted with grocery retailers and environmentally conscious consumers to gain insights into the types of initiatives that are important with respect to sustainable consumption. The willingness of business and consumers to work together to co-create solutions was gauged, and potential processes and mechanisms for co-creation were explored. The research found that both grocery retailers and consumers recognise sustainability as a systemic issue and welcomed the notion of co-creating solutions. However, the overarching narrative of the research findings with respect to the how of co-creation is that the market may not yet be ready. Retailers are driving sustainability initiatives across the supply chain, with consumers occupying a relatively passive role. This study argues that co-creation represents a fundamentally new paradigm that poses the challenge of a new orientation for the business-to-consumer relationship. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:31:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lodovico Ortlieb Faria.pdf: 1401358 bytes, checksum: 8291c58598c16b7066ae3256efe2d132 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / The new information and communication technologies (ICT) have advanced significantly since the late 20th century, promoting substantial changes in the way man builds his relationship with time, space, himself, the other and the wholeness through cyberculture. The possible fast access to contents available on the World Wide Web is not necessarily translated into knowledge, but often as accumulated information consumed uncritically. In this scenario of fast transformations the school is placed; intensely experiencing the conflicts and contradictions of the demands for digital inclusion arising from society. Also in this scenario, we have the teachers, who face the limitations and possibilities of developing proposals to promote interaction between ICT and students education process. In this setting, the great question in this investigation is How well do physics licensure teachers at the Brazilian Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (IFES) use ICT in their teaching practice? This question in this study shows the teacher as person, his life story and educational background, historically placing the movements of approach and distancing; of adherence or resistance to ICT in the personal and professional spheres. Based on these observations, this investigation aims at analyzing the use of technologies in the Physics Licensure Program at IFES according to teachers knowledge, practice and educational background . Methodologically, we opted for qualitative research, from an interdisciplinary perspective, valuing subjectivity translated into the values and world views of study teachers. The reality approach strategies adopted were questionnaires for the initial mapping and group profiling; and autobiographical reports covering teachers lives, education and everyday practice. The results show that the use of ICT during education practices carried out at these schools cannot be dealt with as an isolated phenomenon; without proper thinking built on interdisciplinary networks woven from man s concepts, knowledge and society, which are foundations for political and pedagogical project and commitment to individuals whole education / As novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC) vêm, a partir do final do Século XX avançado de maneira significativa, promovendo mudanças substanciais nas formas com que o homem constrói suas relações com o tempo, com o espaço, consigo mesmo, com o outro e com a totalidade, através do estabelecimento da cibercultura. As possibilidades de acesso rápido a conteúdos disponíveis na rede mundial de computadores não são traduzidas necessariamente em conhecimentos, mas, não raras vezes, no acúmulo de informações consumidas acriticamente. Nesse cenário de rápidas transformações encontra-se a escola, vivendo de forma intensa as tensões e contradições presentes nas demandas por inclusão digital que emergem da sociedade. Encontram-se neste cenário, também, os professores, diante dos limites e possibilidades de desenvolvimento de propostas que promovam o diálogo entre as TIC e o processo formativo dos estudantes. Dentro deste contexto elegeu-se como grande pergunta desta investigação: Com que conhecimentos os professores do Curso de Licenciatura em Física do Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo utilizam as TIC em suas práticas docentes? . Esta indagação coloca em evidência, para efeito deste estudo, a figura do professor como pessoa, sua história de vida e formação, situando historicamente os movimentos de aproximação e distanciamento, de adesão ou resistência às TIC nos âmbitos pessoal e profissional. A partir destas reflexões estabeleceu-se como objetivo geral desta investigação Analisar o uso das tecnologias no Curso de Licenciatura em Física do IFES a partir dos saberes, das práticas e da formação dos seus docentes . Metodologicamente optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, numa perspectiva interdisciplinar, valorizando a subjetividade, traduzida nos valores e visões de mundo dos professores investigados. As estratégias de aproximação com a realidade utilizadas foram o questionário, para levantamento de questões iniciais da pesquisa e mapeamento do perfil do grupo; e relatos autobiográficos abrangendo a vida, a formação e o trabalho dos professores. Os resultados apontam que a utilização das TIC nas práticas educativas desenvolvidas nas instituições de ensino não podem ser tratadas como fenômeno pessoal isolado, sem as devidas reflexões construídas a partir dos diálogos interdisciplinares que se tecem a partir das concepções de homem, conhecimento e sociedade que dão sustentação ao projeto político pedagógico e ao compromisso com a formação integral dos sujeitos

Os Centros de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA) disponibilizam a testagem para o HIV e o aconselhamento. Alguns pacientes não retornam para pegar o resultado. Investigou-se características associadas a "falha no retorno" (FNR) no CTA-Betinho, em 2003 e 2004. Conduziu-se um estudo observacional transversal. A FNR foi de 19,4% (n=548). Foram associadas a FNR: faixa etária; faixa etária adolescente; origem do cliente; tipo de orientação; primeiro teste no CTA; CTA-Itinerante; tempo de espera do resultado e tempo de espera maior que 30 dias; resultado HIV reagente. Após análise multivariada, permaneceram: faixa etária adolescente; CTA-Itinerante; tempo de espera do resultado maior que 30 dias; resultado HIV reagente. Aspectos de vulnerabilidade estariam contribuindo para FNR. Procedimentos implantados no CTA poderiam diminuir a FNR. Os resultados condizem com a literatura internacional / The HIV Counseling and Testing Centers (CTC) offer the HIV test and counseling. Some of the patients fail to return for HIV test result delivery. It was investigated characteristics related to failure to return (FTR) at the CTC Betinho in 2003 and 2004. A cross-sectional study was conducted. FTR during the study period was 19.4% (n=548). Variables associated to FTR were: age; teenagers; patient's reference; kind of pretest counseling; first HIV test at the CTA; Itinerant CTA; waiting period for the result; waiting period for the result of more than 30 days; HIV positive test result. After logistic regression, the following variables remained: teenagers; Itinerant CTA; waiting period for the result of more than 30 days; HIV positive test result. FTR could be explained by some issues related to social and individual vulnerability. Procedures could be implemented at CTA to minimize FTR. These results corroborate international studies

Thesis--University of Oklahoma. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-82).

Thesis--University of Oklahoma. / Bibliography: leaves 159-175.

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Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 4 uppsatser och 1 appendix.