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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Novas Neolignanas de Krameria tomentosa A. St.-Hil. (Krameriaceae) / New Neolignans from Krameria tomentosa A. St.-Hil. (Krameriaceae)

Madeiro, Sara Alves Lucena 15 February 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:59:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7893490 bytes, checksum: 3c73ba4d8f0de057a853ff439b7eee20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The genus Krameria is the only member of Krameriaceae family, comprising 18 herbaceous or shrub species. Among these, there is Krameria tomentosa A. St.-Hil., popularly known ratanha de Nova Granada , carrapicho de cavalo or ratanha de salvanille . In this work, the isolation and structural elucidation of neolignans from the roots of K. tomentosa is described. The dried and pulverized plant material was subjected to extraction, partition and chromatography processes for isolation of chemical constituents. The chemical structures are determined by spectroscopic methods such as Infrared, 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Mass Spectrometry and comparison with literature. The hexane and dichloromethane extracts yielded five neolignans: eupomatenoid 6 and 2-(2 ,4 -dihydroxyphenyl-5-(E)-propenylbenzofuran, described for the first time in the especies, dihydrocarinatidin, described for the first time in the family, 1,1 -(E)-propenyl-4-methoxy-3,4 -oxyneolignan and 5-acid-2-(2 -hydroxy-4 ,6 -dimethoxyphenyl)-benzofuranic, described for the first time in the literature, and trivially named ottomentosa e sobralin, respectively. Thus, the obtained results contributed with chemotaxonomic knowledge of Krameriaceae family, in particular the species Krameria tomentosa. / O gênero Krameria é o único membro da família Krameriaceae, sendo composto por 18 espécies herbáceas ou arbustivas. Dentre estas, encontra-se Krameria tomentosa A. St.-Hil., conhecida popularmente como ratanha de Nova Granada , carrapicho de cavalo ou ratanha de salvanille . Neste trabalho descrevemos o isolamento e elucidação estrutural de neolignanas isoladas das raízes de K. tomentosa. O material vegetal, após secagem e pulverização, foi submetido a processos de extração, partição e cromatografia para isolamento dos constituintes químicos. A estrutura química dos mesmos foi determinada pelos métodos espectroscópicos de Infravermelho, Massas e Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de 1H e 13C uni e bidimensionais bem como por comparações com modelos da literatura. Das fases hexânica e diclorometano obtiveram-se cinco neolignanas: eupomatenoide 6 e 2-(2 ,4 -diidroxifenil-5-(E)-propenilbenzofurano, relatadas pela primeira vez na espécie, diidrocarinatidina, relatada pela primeira vez na família,1,1 -(E)-propenil-4-metoxi-3,4 -oxineolignana e 5-ácido-2-(2 -hidroxi-4 ,6 -dimetoxifenil)-benzofurânico, relatadas pela primeira vez na literatura e nomeadas trivialmente de ottomentosa e sobralina, respectivamente. Desta forma, os resultados obtidos contribuíram para a ampliação do conhecimento quimiotaxonômico da família Krameriaceae, em especial da espécie K. tomentosa.
2

Química das recompensas florais de Krameriaceae e e Malpighiaceae do cerrado / Floral rewards chemistry of Krameriaceae and Malphighiaceae of Brazilian Savannah

Haleem, Muhammad Abdul, 1981- 21 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Anita Jocelyne Marsaioli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T16:16:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Haleem_MuhammadAbdul_D.pdf: 4864624 bytes, checksum: 45dcc35b401c2d0ab48c1768083d84b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O papel dos óleos florais na atração dos polinizadores (abelhas solitárias) é recorrente em várias famílias de angiospermas. Neste estudo foram analisados (CG-EM/IE, ESI-EM, e RMN de 1D de 2D) óleos florais de Malpighiaceae de 33 espécies simpátricas do cerrado pertencentes aos gêneros Banisteriopsis, Byrsonima, Camerea, Heteropterys, Peixotoa, Pterandra, e Tetrapterys e de 48 Krameriaceae. As análises revelaram a presença de ácidos graxos substituídos com cadeias de 18 a 24 átomos de carbono e com dois substituintes, 3,7-diacetoxi, ou 3-hidroxi-7-acetoxi, ou 3,9-diacetoxi, ou 5,7-diacetoxi ou 5,9-diacetoxi. Os ácidos graxos substituídos em 3 e 7 ocorrem predominantemente nos óleos florais de Byrsonima, Heteropterys, Peixotoa reticulate. Os ácidos graxos com dois grupos acetoxi nos carbonos 3 e 9 ocorrem nos óleos florais de Banisteriopsis. Os óleos florais de Peixotoa goina e Tetraptenys jussieuniana são compostos por uma mistura de acilglicerois. A composição química do óleo floral de Pterandra pyroidea é bastante simples e constituída de 4 ácidos graxos sendo que 2 destes apresentaram substituintes nas posições 5 e 7 distinguindo-se dos óleos florais das outras Malpighiaceae. O ácido anti-5,7-diacetoxidocosanóico e o constituinte majoritário deste óleo e sua estrutura foi confirmada por síntese, e caracterizado por espectrometria de massas, RMN de H e C, e finalmente denominado de ácido Pterandrico. Os óleos florais de Krameriaceae possuem também ácido de 18 a 24 átomos de carbono com somente um substituinte acetoxi (-OAc) ou hidroxi (-OH) na posição b. O segundo capítulo da tese se propôs a desvendar a relação entre as recompensas florais (néctar e pólen) do manjericão (Ocimum basilicum) e a provisões encontradas no ninho da abelha solitária Tetrapedia diversipes. Nossas análises revelaram a presença de carboidratos e proteínas nas provisões do ninho de T. diversipes e no pólen de manjericão (O. basilicum). Identificação e caracterização dos constituintes do pólen de Ocimum basilicum e das provisões do ninho de T. diversipes confirmou a presença de glicose, galactose, manose e xilose em ambos. Análises por CG-EM revelaram que galactose e glicose são os constituintes majoritários enquanto que xilose e manose são carboidratos minoritários no pólen e nas provisões do ninho. As semelhanças dos perfis dos carboidratos do pólen de O. basilicum e das provisões dos ninhos de T. diversipes selam a correlação entre esta planta e seu polinizador / Abstract: The role of elaiophores secretion (floral oils) to pollinator attraction (solitary bees) has been established in several angiosperm families. The current study deals with chemical analyses (GC-MS/EI, ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D H and C NMR ¿(HSQC and HMBC) of Malpighiaceae floral oils in 33 sympatric species belonging to Banisteriopsis, Byrsonima, Camerea, Heteropterys, Peixotoa, Pterandra, and Tetrapterys genera and 48 samples of Krameriaceae floral oils. The floral oils spectroscopic data revealed the presence of substituted fatty acids possessing 18 to 24 carbon atoms with two substituents either as 3,7-diacetoxy, or 3-hydroxy-7-acetoxy, or 3,9-diacetoxy, or 5,7-diacetoxy or 5,9-diacetoxy. The 3,7-disubstituted fatty acids are predominant in Byrsonima, Heteropterys, Peixotoa reticulate floral oils, 3,9-diacetoxy disubstituted fatty acids in Banisteriopsis floral oils. While, Peixotoa goina and Tetraptenys jussieuniana elaiophores secretion contain a mixture of acylglycerols. The Pterandra pyroidea floral oil chemical composition is simple, with a few fatty acid constituents possessing acetoxy groups at positions 5 and 7 which is distinct from the rest of floral oil of sympatric Malpighiaceae species. The structure of the major floral oil constituent is a novel fatty acid, anti-5,7-diacetoxydocosanoic acid which was confirmed by synthesis, mass fragmentation, H and C NMR analyses, herein named Pterandric acid. Similarly, Krameriaceae floral oils also contains long chain fatty acids with only one subtituent either acetoxy (-OAc) or hydroxy (-OH) at b position, with 18 to 24 carbon atoms. The second part of thesis deals with the correlation between floral rewards (pollen, nectar) of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) and the Tetrapedia diversipes (solitary oil collecting bee) larval nest provisions. Our analyses reveal the presence of carbohydrates and protein in T. diversipes nest provision as well as in the O. basilicum pollen and nectar. Identification and characterization of carbohydrates constituents in the O. basilicum pollen and T. diversipes nest confirmed the presence of glucose, galactose, mannose and xylose in both. Furthermore, mass spectrometric analyses indicated that galactose and glucose are major constituents, while xylose and mannose are minor carbohydrates components present in the O. basilicum pollen and T. diversipes nest provision. The similarity of O.basilicum pollen and T. diversipes nest provision carbonhydrate profiles suggest a plant pollinator correlation / Doutorado / Quimica Organica / Doutor em Ciências
3

Floral symmetry genes elucidate the development and evolution of oil-bee pollinated flowers of Malpighiaceae and Krameriaceae

Khojayori, Farahnoz N 01 January 2018 (has links)
Specialization on insect and animal pollinators is thought to be the driving force for the evolution of floral traits. Specifically in the New World (NW), the oil-bee pollination syndrome has led to the convergence of floral characters in two distantly related families of core eudicots, Malpighiaceae and Krameriaceae. Both families display a flag-like structure that establishes a zygomorphic flower and floral oil rewards in epithelial elaiophores. These traits work concomitantly to attract and reward female oil-bees that help fertilize these flowers and in return receive oils. The underlying genetics of floral zygomorphy were studied in several clades of core eudicots, which implicated CYCLOIDEA2-(CYC2-)like genes of the TCP gene family to play a role in the establishment and maintenance of this trait. In Malpighiaceae, previous work demonstrated that two CYC2-like genes, CYC2A and CYC2B, are expressed during development correlated with establishing zygomorphy in flowers of NW Malpighiaceae. In this thesis work, I investigated the underlying developmental and genetic basis for the establishment of non-homologous and yet functionally similar traits in the oil-bee pollinated flowers of Malpighiaceae and Krameriaceae. In Chapter 1, I investigated the modification of a conserved CYC2 genetic program in the Old World (OW) acridocarpoids of Malpighiaceae following a major biogeographic disjunction. And in Chapter 2, I studied the floral ontogeny and genetic basis of floral zygomorphy development in Krameria lanceolata Torrey of Krameriaceae. This thesis work sheds light on the significance of the interdisciplinary study of floral symmetry evolution through comparative pollination ecology, development, and genetics.

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