Fernando Ortiz, en su grandioso trabajo Contrapunteo cubano del tabaco y el azúcar del año 1940, realiza una radiografía de la cultura cubana que incluye todos los aspectos más arriba mencionados —que son parte fundamental de las discusiones actuales— y conecta diversos campos del saber y de la vida que luego reunirá en el termino de "transculturación".

Socially excluded localities are found all over the Czech Republic. They are whole neighbourhoods, houses or streets, usually situated on the outskirts of towns, threatened by a symbolic, territorial, cultural, economic and social exclusion. The inhabitants of the socially excluded localities usually have debts with the town, which is the reason why they were moved to this locality. Problems that frequently occur in the socially excluded localities include insufficient education, high unemployment rate, financial problems and a high occurrence of socially pathological phenomena. Drawing on the facts obtained, it is possible to recommend social services that missing here at present. At the same time, the results of this thesis may serve to social workers as a detailed survey of the social situation of the locality in question.

Fernando Ortiz, en su grandioso trabajo Contrapunteo cubano del tabaco y el azúcar del año 1940, realiza una radiografía de la cultura cubana que incluye todos los aspectos más arriba mencionados —que son parte fundamental de las discusiones actuales— y conecta diversos campos del saber y de la vida que luego reunirá en el termino de "transculturación".:Algunas nociones teóricas. - Figuras de la hibridez: Transculturaciones y Caliban

Textiles may be used as a vehicle to penetrate and exemplify a society's customs and traditions. This dissertation concentrates on the Kuba cloths from Zaire and particularly focuses on the social and political implications associated with these textiles. Part One explores the economic aspects of the cloths and the values of work, wealth, status and titleholding among the Kuba. The Kuba's aesthetic preference for pattern and design will be contemplated in relation to the cloths and as an illustration of this culture's concern with decoration and display. Part Two of this study examines the occasions for which these cloths are adorned. It will be observed that these celebrations and rituals, in conjunction with their ceremonial modes of dress, not only underline the importance of the nation and its ideologies and customs (as examined in Part One) but serve to acknowledge ethnic identity, as well as maintain and perpetuate the social and political order of the Kuba. / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M.A. (History of Art)

The thesis is analysing contemporary relations bewteen Czech Republic and Cuba when taking the Czech membership in the EU into account. There is also a short historical introduction mentioning key moments which have influenced the development of mutual relations during and after the Cold War. Thanks to this backgroud, the thesis can further describe in detail partly the pure bilateral relations between Czech Republic and Cuba and partly changes in this relationship that have occured after 2004 when Czech Republic joined the EU. The goals of this thesis are following: to explain why Cuba has a priority in Czech human rights foreign policy, and to describe opportunities that Czech Republic has on its disposal to lead its own "anti-Castro" policy.

Textiles may be used as a vehicle to penetrate and exemplify a society's customs and traditions. This dissertation concentrates on the Kuba cloths from Zaire and particularly focuses on the social and political implications associated with these textiles. Part One explores the economic aspects of the cloths and the values of work, wealth, status and titleholding among the Kuba. The Kuba's aesthetic preference for pattern and design will be contemplated in relation to the cloths and as an illustration of this culture's concern with decoration and display. Part Two of this study examines the occasions for which these cloths are adorned. It will be observed that these celebrations and rituals, in conjunction with their ceremonial modes of dress, not only underline the importance of the nation and its ideologies and customs (as examined in Part One) but serve to acknowledge ethnic identity, as well as maintain and perpetuate the social and political order of the Kuba. / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M.A. (History of Art)

The subject of this thesis is the embargo imposed by the United States on Cuba. The first part of the thesis examines embargo as an instrument of foreign policy as well as its place in US foreign policy. The second part deals with the evolution of the embargo toward Cuba in political context from events preceding its declaration until recent months. The last part analyses impact of the embargo on the economies of Cuba and the United States.

Diploma thesis analyses mutual relations between Cuba and Soviet Union between 1959 (victory of the Cuban revolution led by Fidel Castro) and 1991 (the dissolution of Soviet Union). The thesis is divided into five chapters, first of which deals with the historical development of the island. The rest of the chapters describe circumstances leading to establishing, deepening, or worsening mutual relations and explains the causes of such development. Motivation factors leading both countries to cooperation are object of the work. This thesis intends to find out whether geographical location of Cuba was the main reason for Soviet Union to cooperate and support financially the Caribbean island. The role of Marxism-Leninism ideology in mutual relations is also clarified.

Cuba has vast natural resources for domestic renewable energy generation, but their energy mix is heavily dominated by fossil fuels. This contributes to a high dependence on expensive oil imports and has led to significant generation shortfalls, which in turn has resulted in extensive power outages and serious fuel crises. Additionally, large amounts of CO2 emissions are generated from power generation based on oil or gas. George Washington is a small industrial town in the Villa Clara province in Cuba that frequently experiences these problems. It holds a rum factory, a sugar mill, and a small residential area containing 710 households. The implementation of a microgrid utilizing the available solar, wind, and biomass potential could work to simultaneously reduce the town's dependence on energy imports, increase the renewable electricity share, and increase self-sufficiency of the electricity demand, enabling the industries and residential area to access energy services even when the national grid is not delivering power. By examining different potential microgrid configurations in HOMER Pro, an optimal system was decided based on cost parameters such as CAPEX and NPV, the self-sufficiency share of the electricity consumed, and the available potential to utilize domestic natural resources as well as the available workforce able to operate such a system. Because of Cuba's difficulties in accessing investment capital, a low CAPEX, high self-sufficiency index, and a high NPV was considered the best possible system. The scenario that best correlated with this outcome was the Middle Road scenario. By considering the area limiations of George Washington, one model run of the Middle Road scenario produced a system with additional solar PV (2.9 MW) and wind capacity (9.2 MW) paired with the already existing 6 MW of bagasse-fired CHP capacity in the sugar mill and 688 kW of solar PV capacity. It had a low investment cost of $34 million USD, a high NPV at $112 million USD, and a self-sufficiency index at 91.33%. Another model run of the Middle Road scenario that didn't take avaliable area into consideration produced a microgrid with an additional 43.1 MW of wind capacity. This model run had an NPV of $292 million USD, an investment cost of $79 million USD, and a self-sufficiency index of 94%. By implementing more capacity than this in the 100% Self-sufficient scenario, the self-sufficiency index reached a maximum of 100%, but had a lower NPV at $282 million USD, and a much higher investment cost of $1.324 billion USD. These scenarios only used biomass, solar, or wind energy for microgrid electricity generation, and therefore only consumed fossil fuels when importing electricity from the grid. / Kuba har en stor mängd naturliga resurser för att generera förnybar energi, men deras energimix idag domineras av fossilt bränsle. Landet är beroende av att importera dyr olja, vilket bidrar till en otillräcklig inhemsk energiproduktion samt många timmars strömavbrott och svåra bränslebrister. Stora mängder CO2-utsläpp genereras även när olja eller gas används för kraftproduktion. George Washington är en liten industriell by som ligger i provinsen Villa Clara, i Kuba, och som ofta får erfara dessa problem. I byn finns det en romfabrik, en sockerkvarn och ett litet bostadsområde som består av 710 hem. Installationen av ett microgrid som utnyttjar lokal solenergi, vindenergi samt biomassa kan minska byns beroende av importerad energi, öka andelen förnybar energi samt öka självförsörjningen av elbehovet. Ett sådant microgrid skulle möjliggöra byns tillgång till viktiga energitjänster även när det nationella nätverket inte har möjlighet att leverera elektricitet. Genom att undersöka flera olika microgridkonfigurationer i mjukvaruverktyget HOMER Pro valdes ett optimalt system baserat på parametrarna CAPEX, NPV, självförsörjningsgraden av den konsumerade elektriciteten, potentialen att använda sig av de lokala naturresurserna samt tillgängligheten av arbetskraft för att kunna driva ett sådant nätverkssystem. På grund av de begränsade tillgångarna till investeringskapital i Kuba så blev ett lågt CAPEX, hög självförsörjning samt ett högt NPV viktiga parametrar för att utse det bästa möjliga systemet. Det scenario som genererade system som bäst stämde överens med dessa egenskaper är Middle Road-scenariot. För att undersöka potentialen hos systemet och samtidigt ta hänsyn till den begränsade landtillgången i George Washingtons närområde så kördes en av systemsimuleringarna av Middle Road-scenariot med en areabegränsning i HOMER Pro. Detta resulterade i ett system med ytterligare 2.9 MW kapacitet från solpaneler, 9.2 MW vindkraft tillsammans med de redan existerande 6 MW av bagasse-drivna turbiner i sockerkvarnen samt de 688 kW av solpaneler som är installerade på romfabrikens tak. Systemet har en investeringskostnad (CAPEX) på $34 miljoner USD, ett högt NPV på $112 miljoner USD och ett självförsörjningsindex på 91.33%. När systemsimuleringen av Middle Road inte tog hänsyn till tillgänglig landyta så blev resultatet att det bästa systemet hade ytterligare 43.1 MW av vindkraft. Detta system har ett NPV på $292 miljoner USD, en investeringskostnad på $79 miljoner USD och ett självförsörjningsindex på 94%. Genom att implementera en högre kapacitet i 100% Self-sufficient-scenariot så blev resultatet ett självförsörjandeindex på 100%, men samtidigt ett lägre NPV på $282 miljoner USD och en mycket högre investeringskostnad på $1.324 miljarder USD. I dessa scenarion så används biomassa, solenergi samt vindenergi för generering av elektricitet i microgridet och konsumtion av fossilt bränsle sker endast när elektricitet importeras från det nationella elnätverket.

Transitioning from an energy system based on fossil fuels to an energy system based on renewables is necessary to limit global warming and comes with both opportunities and challenges. National policies in Cuba look toward the domestic sugar industry for synergies in this transition, and bagasse is projected to play a key role in the future electricity system. Since bagasse only is available during the sugarcane harvesting season, it must be supplemented with other feedstock for power production year-round. Biomass can have important interactions with CLEWs and therefore a nexus approach is important to ensure policy coherence across sectors. This study investigates different pathways for the Cuban energy transition from a CLEWs perspective through a scenario analysis and uses OSeMOSYS as a tool. This study shows that national policies for increased food security, regrowth of the sugar industry, use of energy crops and increased electricity consumption to develop the country compete for land and water resources. While there are currently plenty of resources, compromises will be needed in the medium- to long-term in order to stay within natural boundaries. This is especially true for the water sector since precipitation is expected to decrease in the future due to climate change and since sea level rise will contaminate groundwater. Another effect of climate change is soil degradation which would decrease yields. Increased energy and water inputs to the agricultural sector is known to increase yields in developing countries such as Cuba, which is why an adaptation strategy to maintain yields could be to increase these inputs. However, this would further amplify the pressure on water resources. Exceeding the exploitable internal renewable freshwater resources would then require water inputs from desalination plants which is an energy intensive process, which - if powered by an electricity system with a high share of biopower - could create a vicious cycle. / Omställningen från ett fossilbaserat energisystem till ett förnybart system är nödvändigt för att begränsa den globala uppvärmningen och innebär både möjligheter och utmaningar. Nationella policys i Kuba ser till landets sockerindustri för synergier i denna omställning, och bagass väntas spela en nyckelroll i det framtida elsystemet. Eftersom bagass endast är tillgängligt under sockerrörens skördesäsong måste den kompletteras med andra bränslen för att el ska kunna produceras året om. Biomassa kan ha betydande påverkan på CLEWs varför det är viktigt med en nexusanalys för att säkerställa samstämmighet av policys för olika sektorer. Denna studie undersöker olika tillvägagångssätt för den kubanska energiomställningen ur ett CLEWs-perspektiv genom en scenarioanalys i vilken OSeMOSYS används som modelleringsverktyg. Denna studie fann att nationella policys för ökad trygghet av matförsörjning, återuppbyggnad av sockerindustrin och ökad elkonsumtion för att utveckla landet konkurrerar om land- och vattenresurser. Det finns för närvarande gott om resurser, men på medel och lång sikt kommer kompromisser behövas för att stanna inom naturens gränser. Detta gäller särskilt för vattensektorn eftersom nederbörd väntas minska i framtiden till följd av klimatförändringar och eftersom höjningar av havsvattennivån kommer kontaminera grundvatten. Ytterligare påverkan från klimatförändringarna är markförstöring vilket minskar skörden. Ökad energi- och vattenanvändning i jordbrukssektorn ger vanligtvis högre skörd i utvecklingsländer såsom Kuba, vilket innebär att en anpassningsstrategi för att behålla skördenivån skulle kunna vara att öka dessa. Detta kan dock ytterligare förstärka belastningen på vattenresurserna. Att överskrida de utnyttjbara förnybara färskvattenresurserna skulle kräva avsaltning av vatten vilket är en energikrävande process, vilket - om energiförsörjningen kommer från ett system med mycket biomassa - skulle kunna skapa en ond cirkel.