El presente trabajo de investigación está enfocado a analizar las distintas fotografías impresas que usaron los periódicos peruanos El Comercio y La República para acompañar sus noticias políticas durante el periodo de la segunda vuelta electoral entre Keiko Fujimori y Pedro Pablo Kuczynski en el 2016. En ese sentido, se busca probar la idea de que la imagen junto a su leyenda puede ser un elemento independiende e importante, que desde su preciso análisis ayuda a determinar la inclinación política del medio. / The present research work is focused on analyzing the different printed photographs used by Peruvian newspapers El Comercio and La República to accompany their political news during the period of the second round of elections between Keiko Fujimori and Pedro Pablo Kuczynski in 2016. In that sense , it seeks to prove the idea that the image together with its legend can be an independent and important element, that from its precise analysis helps determine the political inclination of the newspapers. / Tesis

Zugl.: Buffalo, NY, State Univ. of New York, Diss.

Stuttgart, FH, Diplomarb., 2000.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Departamento de Estudos Latino-Americanos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Comparados Sobre as Américas, 2018. / Submitted by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2018-06-22T20:03:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2018_LucasAraújoMonte.pdf: 1411613 bytes, checksum: f72a5144db61c7f3a433351d91c7cfc9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2018-06-29T16:35:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2018_LucasAraújoMonte.pdf: 1411613 bytes, checksum: f72a5144db61c7f3a433351d91c7cfc9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-29T16:35:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018_LucasAraújoMonte.pdf: 1411613 bytes, checksum: f72a5144db61c7f3a433351d91c7cfc9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-22 / A presente dissertação objetiva responder quais deslocamentos ideológicos ocorreram, na direita peruana, que ascendeu ao poder. Utilizando-se da análise comparativa das propostas dos planos de governo de Pedro Pablo Kuczynski para as campanhas eleitorais para Presidente da República do Peru em 2011 e 2016, observa-se que houve uma manutenção do discurso em relação às propostas marcadamente de cunho econômico. Por outro lado, constata-se uma mudança de discurso nas propostas de Kuczynski relativas, especialmente, ao viés social e à organização da sociedade. Desse modo, o trabalho analisa a democracia latino-americana, e, sobretudo, a peruana, sob a perspectiva da teoria procedimental em Dahl e Bobbio – os quais preconizam a possibilidade plena da concorrência igual de quaisquer propostas políticoideológica num pleito eleitoral, desde de que respeitadas às regras democráticas –, e questiona, a partir do estudo do caso peruano, a própria existência da possibilidade irrestrita de contestação/oposição dentro da democracia liberal latino-americana, e suas limitações, tendo como referência à direita. O debate e a análise realizados na pesquisa são pautados sob uma perspectiva ideológica. Valendo-se dos aportes de Gramsci em relação à hegemonia, analisa-se os motivos pelos quais a direita peruana teve que mudar o discurso para lograr êxito no sufrágio de 2016. Nesse sentido, sugere-se que a hegemonia, pelo seu caráter dinâmico, incorporou elementos típicos da ideologia socialista, após a vigência de um governo identificado com a esquerda, ou seja, no caso peruano refere-se à gestão de Ollanta Humala (2011-2016). Logo, quanto mais as propostas se afastam do centro hegemônico, menor será a probabilidade de sucesso numa eleição. Em contrapartida, as propostas que se distanciam da hegemonia sofrem uma restrição, observada, principalmente, pela não adesão popular pelo voto. / The present dissertation aims to answer which ideological shifts occurred in the Peruvian right wing that ascended to power. Using the comparative analysis of the proposals of the plans of government of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski for the electoral campaigns for President of the Republic of Peru in 2011 and 2016, it is observed that there was a maintenance of the discourse in relation to the proposals markedly economic. On the other hand, there is a change of discourse in Kuczynski's proposals concerning, in particular, the social bias and the organization of society. In this way, the work analyzes Latin American and, above all, Peruvian democracy, from the perspective of procedural theory in Dahl and Bobbio - who advocate the full possibility of equal competition of any political-ideological proposals in an electoral suit, as long as respected the democratic rules - and questions, from the study of the Peruvian case, the very existence of the unrestricted possibility of contestation / opposition within the Latin American liberal democracy, and its limitations, having as reference to the right. The debate and analysis carried out in the research are based on an ideological perspective. Drawing on Gramsci's contributions to hegemony, we analyze the reasons why the Peruvian right had to change the discourse to achieve success in the 2016 vote. In this sense, it is suggested that hegemony, due to its dynamic character, incorporated typical elements of the socialist ideology, after the existence of a government identified with the left, that is, in the Peruvian case refers to the management of Ollanta Humala (2011-2016). Thus, the more proposals move away from the hegemonic center, the less likely it is to succeed in an election. On the other hand, the proposals that distance themselves from the hegemony suffer a restriction, observed, mainly, by the popular adhesion by the vote. / La presente disertación objetiva responder qué desplazamientos ideológicos ocurrieron en la derecha peruana que ascendió al poder. Utilizando el análisis comparativo de las propuestas de los planes de gobierno de Pedro Pablo Kuczynski para las campañas electorales para Presidente de la República del Perú en 2011 y 2016, se observa que hubo un mantenimiento del discurso en relación a las propuestas marcadamente de cuño económico. Por otro lado, se constata un cambio del discurso en las propuestas de Kuczynski relativas, especialmente, al sesgo social y a la organización de la sociedad. De este modo, el trabajo analiza la democracia latinoamericana, y sobre todo la peruana, bajo la perspectiva de la teoría procedimental en Dahl y Bobbio - los cuales preconizan la posibilidad plena de la competencia igual de cualquier propuesta político-ideológica en un pleito electoral, desde de que se respetan las reglas democráticas -, y cuestiona, a partir del estudio del caso peruano, la propia existencia de la posibilidad irrestricta de contestación/oposición dentro de la democracia liberal latinoamericana, y sus limitaciones, teniendo como referencia a la derecha. El debate y el análisis realizados en la investigación se basan en una perspectiva ideológica. Valiendo de los aportes de Gramsci en relación a la hegemonía, se analizan los motivos por los cuales la derecha peruana tuvo que cambiar el discurso para lograr éxito en el sufragio de 2016. En ese sentido, se sugiere que la hegemonía, por su carácter dinámico, ha incorporado elementos típicos de la ideología socialista tras la vigencia de un gobierno identificado con la izquierda, o sea, en el caso peruano se refiere a la gestión de Ollanta Humala (2011-2016). Luego, cuanto más las propuestas se alejan del centro hegemónico, menor será la probabilidad de éxito en una elección. En contrapartida, las propuestas que se distancian de la hegemonía sufren una restricción, observada, principalmente, por la no adhesión popular por el voto.

No description available.

La presente investigación proviene del interés de un comunicador que busca especializarse en el corto plazo en comunicación política, luego de haberlo hecho en la construcción de identidad y manejo de marcas en redes sociales. Por ello, el análisis de uno de los nuevos medios con mayor movimiento y en el que se centra mucha atención sobre su dinámica y efectividad por parte de publicistas y politólogos, es sumamente relevante para el desarrollo de futuras estrategias de comunicación en campañas electorales y de gobierno. / Tesis

Magnesium, with a Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) structure, is the eighth most abundant element in the earth’s crust and the third most plentiful element dissolved in the seawater. Magnesium alloys exhibit the attractive characteristics of low densities and high strength-to-weight ratios along with good castability, recyclability, and machinability. Replacing the steel and/or aluminum sheet parts with magnesium sheet parts in vehicles is a great way of reducing the vehicles weight, which results in great savings on fuel consumption. The lack of magnesium sheet components in vehicle assemblies is due to magnesium’s poor room-temperature formability. In order to successfully form the sheets of magnesium at room temperature, it is necessary to understand the formability of magnesium at room temperature controlled by various plastic deformation mechanisms. The plastic deformation mechanisms in pure magnesium and some of its alloys at room temperature are crystallographic slip and deformation twinning. The slip systems in magnesium at room temperature are classified into primary (first generation), secondary (second generation), and tertiary (third generation) slip systems. The twinning systems in magnesium at room temperature are classified into primary (first generation) and secondary (second generation, or double) twinning systems. A new comprehensive rate-dependent elastic-viscoplastic Crystal Plasticity Constitutive Model (CPCM) that accounts for all these plastic deformation mechanisms in magnesium was proposed. The proposed model individually simulates slip-induced shear in the parent as well as in the primary and secondary twinned regions, and twinning-induced shear in the primary and secondary twinned regions. The model also tracks the texture evolution in the parent, primary and secondary twinned regions. Separate resistance evolution functions for the primary, secondary, and tertiary slip systems, as well as primary and secondary twinning systems were considered in the formulation. In the resistance evolution functions, the interactions between various slip and twinning systems were accounted for. The CPCM was calibrated using the experimental data reported in the literature for pure magnesium single crystals at room temperature, but needs further experimental data for full calibration. The partially calibrated model was used to assess the contributions of various plastic deformation mechanisms in the material stress-strain response. The results showed that neglecting secondary slip and secondary twinning while simulating plastic deformation of magnesium alloys by crystal plasticity approach can lead to erroneous results. This indicates that all the plastic deformation mechanisms have to be accounted for when modelling the plastic deformation in magnesium alloys. Also, the CPCM in conjunction with the Marciniak–Kuczynski (M–K) framework were used to assess the formability of a magnesium single crystal sheet at room temperature by predicting the Forming Limit Diagrams (FLDs). Sheet necking was initiated from an initial imperfection in terms of a narrow band. A homogeneous deformation field was assumed inside and outside the band, and conditions of compatibility and equilibrium were enforced across the band interfaces. Thus, the CPCM only needs to be applied to two regions, one inside and one outside the band. The FLDs were simulated under two conditions: a) the plastic deformation mechanisms are primary slip systems alone, and b) the plastic deformation mechanisms are primary slip and primary twinning systems. The FLDs were computed for two grain orientations. In the first orientation, primary extension twinning systems had favourable orientation for activation. In the second orientation, primary contraction twinning systems had favourable orientation for activation. The effects of shear strain outside the necking band, rate sensitivity, and c/a ratio on the simulated FLDs in the two grain orientations were individually explored.

Magnesium, with a Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) structure, is the eighth most abundant element in the earth’s crust and the third most plentiful element dissolved in the seawater. Magnesium alloys exhibit the attractive characteristics of low densities and high strength-to-weight ratios along with good castability, recyclability, and machinability. Replacing the steel and/or aluminum sheet parts with magnesium sheet parts in vehicles is a great way of reducing the vehicles weight, which results in great savings on fuel consumption. The lack of magnesium sheet components in vehicle assemblies is due to magnesium’s poor room-temperature formability. In order to successfully form the sheets of magnesium at room temperature, it is necessary to understand the formability of magnesium at room temperature controlled by various plastic deformation mechanisms. The plastic deformation mechanisms in pure magnesium and some of its alloys at room temperature are crystallographic slip and deformation twinning. The slip systems in magnesium at room temperature are classified into primary (first generation), secondary (second generation), and tertiary (third generation) slip systems. The twinning systems in magnesium at room temperature are classified into primary (first generation) and secondary (second generation, or double) twinning systems. A new comprehensive rate-dependent elastic-viscoplastic Crystal Plasticity Constitutive Model (CPCM) that accounts for all these plastic deformation mechanisms in magnesium was proposed. The proposed model individually simulates slip-induced shear in the parent as well as in the primary and secondary twinned regions, and twinning-induced shear in the primary and secondary twinned regions. The model also tracks the texture evolution in the parent, primary and secondary twinned regions. Separate resistance evolution functions for the primary, secondary, and tertiary slip systems, as well as primary and secondary twinning systems were considered in the formulation. In the resistance evolution functions, the interactions between various slip and twinning systems were accounted for. The CPCM was calibrated using the experimental data reported in the literature for pure magnesium single crystals at room temperature, but needs further experimental data for full calibration. The partially calibrated model was used to assess the contributions of various plastic deformation mechanisms in the material stress-strain response. The results showed that neglecting secondary slip and secondary twinning while simulating plastic deformation of magnesium alloys by crystal plasticity approach can lead to erroneous results. This indicates that all the plastic deformation mechanisms have to be accounted for when modelling the plastic deformation in magnesium alloys. Also, the CPCM in conjunction with the Marciniak–Kuczynski (M–K) framework were used to assess the formability of a magnesium single crystal sheet at room temperature by predicting the Forming Limit Diagrams (FLDs). Sheet necking was initiated from an initial imperfection in terms of a narrow band. A homogeneous deformation field was assumed inside and outside the band, and conditions of compatibility and equilibrium were enforced across the band interfaces. Thus, the CPCM only needs to be applied to two regions, one inside and one outside the band. The FLDs were simulated under two conditions: a) the plastic deformation mechanisms are primary slip systems alone, and b) the plastic deformation mechanisms are primary slip and primary twinning systems. The FLDs were computed for two grain orientations. In the first orientation, primary extension twinning systems had favourable orientation for activation. In the second orientation, primary contraction twinning systems had favourable orientation for activation. The effects of shear strain outside the necking band, rate sensitivity, and c/a ratio on the simulated FLDs in the two grain orientations were individually explored.

La presente investigación proviene del interés de un comunicador que busca especializarse en el corto plazo en comunicación política, luego de haberlo hecho en la construcción de identidad y manejo de marcas en redes sociales. Por ello, el análisis de uno de los nuevos medios con mayor movimiento y en el que se centra mucha atención sobre su dinámica y efectividad por parte de publicistas y politólogos, es sumamente relevante para el desarrollo de futuras estrategias de comunicación en campañas electorales y de gobierno.