CAPES / Os debates atuais sobre a inserção dos OGM’s nos produtos alimentícios, bem como seus riscos e benefícios no que diz respeito a alimentos, continuam inconclusos. Percebe-se que a sociedade em geral tem informação insuficiente a respeito do assunto e as empresas que estão envolvidas não realizam uma exposição eficiente a respeito do assunto. No Brasil, existem poucos laboratórios públicos ou privados que trabalham com a finalidade objetivo de detectar e quantificar os resíduos OGM’s em alimentos. Torna-se fundamental que as informações sobre esse tipo de produto, cada vez mais consumido em forma de alimento, estejam claras e bem entendidas por todos os atores da cadeia de suprimentos relacionadas com essa inovação agroalimentar, como seus riscos e benefícios, a liberação e comercialização e rotulagem. Assim, o estudo teve por objetivo identificar o grau de conhecimento e os impactos da inserção da inovação OGM’s na cadeia de suprimentos de farinhas e preparados a base de trigo. Como instrumento para a obtenção dos dados utilizou-se método de pesquisa empregado foi o survey por meio da aplicação direta de questionários semiestruturados, aplicados com produtores da região dos Campos Gerais, moinhos e indústrias de farinhas de trigo e consumidores. Ademais, mapeou-se os laboratórios e tecnologias para o diagnóstico de OGM’s em alimentos. A partir da realização da pesquisa, tem-se como resultado, que comparando com estudos internacionais o grau de conhecimento referente à inserção dessa tecnologia nos produtos alimentícios, seus riscos e benefícios e principalmente sua rotulagem ainda são baixos, pois frequentemente os rótulos dos produtos alimentícios geram dúvidas, descrédito e insatisfação em relação às informações, bem como a insatisfação da informação quanto aos efeitos do uso dessa biotecnologia para a saúde humana e do meio ambiente. O Brasil apresenta poucos laboratórios de controle de OGM’s em alimentos, observando uma crescente utilização da técnica de PCR para a detecção e quantificação de OGM’s. Contudo, a padronização dos métodos dessa análise ainda está no início. Neste sentido a inserção de produtos que obtenham OGM’s em sua composição no mercado, requer esforço e maior envolvimento entre os atores da cadeia de suprimentos, a medida que o desenvolvimento desse tecnologia impõe padrões como rastreabilidade e certificação , que afetam diretamente o processo produção e devem estar disponíveis da forma mais clara e objetiva para os consumidores. / Current debates on the inclusion of GMOs in food products, as well as their risks and benefits with regard to food, remain inconclusive. It is noticed that society in general has insufficient information on the subject and the companies that are involved do not realize an efficient exposure to the subject. In Brazil there are few public or private laboratories working in order order to detect and quantify GMO residues in food. It is essential that the information on this type of product, increasingly consumed as food, are clear and well understood by all actors in the chain of supplies related to this agri-food innovation, as their risks and benefits, and the release marketing and labeling. Thus, the study aimed to identify the degree of knowledge and the impact of the inclusion of GMOs innovation in supply chain meal and prepared wheat based. As a tool for data collection was used research method used was survey by direct application of semi-structured questionnaires administered to producers in the region of Campos Gerais, mills and wheat flour industries and consumers. Moreover, it was mapped laboratories and technologies for the diagnosis of GMOs in food. From the day of research, we have as a result, that compared to international studies the level of knowledge regarding the integration of this technology in food products, their risks and benefits and especially their labeling are still low because often the labels of food products generate doubts, disbelief and dissatisfaction with information as well as the dissatisfaction of information on the effects of using this biotechnology for human health and the environment. Brazil has few GMO control laboratories in food, noting the growing use of the PCR technique for the detection and quantification of GMOs. However, the standardization of methods of this analysis is still early. In this regard the inclusion of products obtain GMOs in their composition in the market, requires effort and greater involvement by actors in the supply chain, as the development of this technology imposes standards such as traceability and certification, which directly affect the process production and should be available as clearly and objectively to consumers.

Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree Master of Technology: Biomedical Technology in the Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2015 / Aim: The aim of the study was to compile pre-tested laboratory results stored in the laboratory database of the Namibia Institute of Pathology (NIP). The study also aimed to assess the usefulness and validity of using retrospective laboratory results of different patients in varying degrees of health and which were produced using various methods in different laboratories in Namibia. Methods: 254,271 test results (female: 134,261, male = 117,091, unknown gender= 2,919) consisting of Haemoglobin, serum Urea, serum Creatinine, plasma Glucose (fasting and random), serum Cholesterol, serum Triglycerides and serum Uric Acid was extracted from NIP Laboratory Information System over a period of four years and of the 13 different regions of Namibia were analyzed.. Each data set was sorted in ascending order and outliers were eliminated using SPSS Box plot function. Data available for analysis were Haemoglobin: 18,999 (male = 7,716, female = 11,283, serum Urea: 8,111 (male = 3,836, female=4.275), serum Creatinine: 8,794 (male=4,099, female= 4,506), plasma Glucose: 78,106 (fasting=32,591, random=45,515), serum Cholesterol: 48,354 (male=24,815, female=23,539), Serum Triglycerides: 22,138 (male=9,291, female=12,847) serum Uric Acid: 37,389 (male=18,972, female=18,427). Results of tests were also analysed according to the 13 regions in Namibia. Outliers were removed using the Box plot function of SPSS and statistics were calculated for each of the parameters. Tables and histogram as well as percentile ranges (2.5th -97.5th and 5th -95th) were determined for each parameter. Results: Non-parametric percentile ranges were as follows: Haemoglobin (2.5-97.5: M=6.64-16.9, F=7.81-15.2 and 5-95: M=7.39-16.3, F=8.48-14.7) g/L, Urea (2.5-97.5: 1.3- 9.1, 5-95:1.6-8.4) mmol/L, Creatinine (2.5-97.5: M=37-141, F=33-103 and 5-95: M=43- 133, F=39-117) μmol/L, Glucose (2.5-97.5: fasting=3.4-9.5, random=3.7-7.1 and 5-95: fasting=3.9-9.1, random 4-6.9) mmol/L, Cholesterol (2.5-97.5: M=2.6-6.9, F=2.8-7.0 and 5- 95: M=2.9-6.1, F=3.1-6.2) mmol/L, Triglyceride (2.5-97.5: 0.39-2.72 and 5-95: 0.46-2.5) mmol/L and Uric Acid (2.5-97.5: M=0.21-0.62, F=0.17-0.51 and 5-95: M=0.24-0.58, F=0.19-0.48) mmol/L. Conclusion: A statistically significant difference between the mean values of the study and the mean values of NIP reference range was detected and differences between these values and reference values in the region were observed. More work needs to be done to improve the data extraction process, data selection criteria and improvement of statistical analysis. If these can be addressed, it can be stated that using patient laboratory data values is a relatively easy and cost effective method of establishing laboratory and population specific reference values if skewness and kurtosis of the distribution are not too large.

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Este estudo teve como objetivos revelar os dilemas éticos do cotidiano de enfermeiros de instituições de medicina diagnóstica, e o que consideram na tomada de decisão frente a esses dilemas. Para compreender o vivencial desses enfermeiros nesse contexto, optei pela abordagem qualitativa, vertente fenomenológica, segundo a modalidade “estrutura do fenômeno situado”. Foram realizadas nove entrevistas com duas questões norteadoras: “Em seu cotidiano, você identifica situações que envolvam dilemas éticos? Fale sobre a sua vivência.” e “Frente a um dilema ético, o que você leva em consideração para a tomada de decisão?”. Após a descrição dos discursos, foi realizada a análise ideográfica, a partir da qual surgiram sete temas: “(Não) Reconhecimento da existência de dilemas éticos”; “Falta de autonomia profissional”; “(Des) Valorização profissional”; “Fatores envolvidos na tomada de decisão”; “Humanização no relacionamento com a equipe e com o cliente”; “Postura ética” e “Valorização da dimensão técnica”. Com a análise nomotética realizada posteriormente, buscou-se revelar as convergências e divergências das unidades de significado interpretadas, com o intuito de perceber a estrutura geral do fenômeno. Com as proposições foi possível desvelar que em Medicina Diagnóstica, os dilemas éticos são percebidos como situações desencadeadas pelo cliente, família, profissionais e instituição. As enfermeiras tomam decisões através da participação de todos os envolvidos na situação, ponderando o custo-benefício de uma ação para o cliente, agindo de forma humanizada, através de suas crenças, respeitando a hierarquia institucional e procurando respaldo médico quando sentem insegurança. A decisão para mudar uma rotina só é tomada quando existem recursos no trabalho. Cumprir normas e condutas da empresa, ser imparcial e humana com a equipe de enfermagem e cliente e ver o que é certo e errado para tomar a posição correta diante de uma situação ética, também são fatores considerados na tomada de decisão. / This study tried to reveal the ethical dilemmas in wich nurses from institutions of medicine diagnostic live every day, and what they consider when they make a decision. To understand the nurse’s experience in this context, I chose the qualitative analysis, according to phenomenological orientation in which there is the modality “structure of the phenomenon situated”. Nine interviews were realized with two guiding questions: “In your ordinary day, do you identify situations involving ethical dilemmas? Speak about your experience.” and “In front of an ethical dilemma, what do you take into consideration for making a decision?” After describing the speeches, there was an ideographic analysis in which apperead seven themes: “(No) Acknowledgement of the existence of ethical dilemmas”; “Lack of professional autonomy”; “Professional (de) valuation”; “Factors involved in making decision”; “Humanization in the relationship with the team and the customer”; “Ethical attitude” and “Valuation of the tecnique dimension”. The nomothetic analysis was in order to show the convergences and divergences of the units of meaning interpreted, with the purpose of understanting the general structure of the phenomenon. With the propositions it was possible to unveil that the ethical dilemmas in Medicine Diagnostic are perceived like situations created by costumer, family professionals and institution. The nurses make a decisions by regarding the participation of people involved in the situation, analyse the cost-benefit of an action for the customer, humanize their actions, in their beliefs, respect the institucional hierarchy and look for a medical opinion when they feel insecurity. The only decide to change a routine when there are resources at work. Other factors are also considered for making a decision: execute rules and behaviours inside the company, be impartial and humane with the nursing team and the customer and identify what is right and wrong to know how to make a correct decision in an ethic situation.

Orientador: Sara Pereira Lopes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T08:40:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diniz_LianaFerraz_D.pdf: 2802159 bytes, checksum: 7adcff9a95640a476eb0ec4c49d097fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa trabalha com a hipótese de que a imaginação é um elemento que une corpo e voz e pode ser o ponto de partida para uma prática vocal pautada pela liberdade do laboratório. Aqui, apresentam-se alguns questionamentos acerca da utilização da técnica vocal como finalidade artística em detrimento da experimentação livre a ser estimulada para que a voz e o corpo alcancem novas possibilidades expressivas. A necessidade de uma investigação no campo da voz em cena que vá além da técnica adveio da afirmação de que "voz é corpo" muitas vezes não reverbera nos laboratórios de prática vocais. Os atores tendem a experimentar o corpo sem voz para depois anexar uma voz processada mentalmente. O resultado disso é uma segregação corpo e voz que aparece nitidamente na cena e compromete a ação vocal, reduzindo-a a uma emissão vocal eficiente para a veiculação do discurso informativo, mas ineficiente na ampliação do sentido da cena. Essa investigação foi realizada em três vertentes principais: as referências teóricas, a observação de atores em laboratório (grupo de estudo e aulas de práticas corporais e vocais) e a trajetória da autora da tese como atriz. Em todas essas linhas, houve necessidade de olhar o quadro de maneira mais ampla. Por acreditar que voz é corpo, necessitou-se lançar a luz sobre qual é o corpo que se dispõe ao processo artístico. A partir daí, houve algumas reflexões que põe a vida do ator como elemento central de sua arte: a vida que predispõe o corpo e a voz à ação. Por tratar-se da arte de forma subjetiva e destacar intencionalmente o caráter pessoal que existe em cada processo de criação, esta pesquisa foi escrita com interferências poéticas que relatam a trajetória da atriz/pesquisadora quando em contato com as questões que fundamentam a hipótese geradora. A pesquisa faz o trajeto que vai desde a discussão teórica sobre o ser humano que se dispõe à arte até a elaboração de procedimentos para prática vocal que podem ser utilizados como metodologia para um contato diferenciado com o texto / Abstract: The present research deals with the hypothesis that imagination is an element that links body and voice and can be the starting point for a practice ruled by the freedom of vocal lab. Here, are presented some issues about the use of vocal technique as artistic goal at the expense of the free experimentation be stimulated so that voice and body reach new expressive possibilities. The need for study in the field of voice in stage that goes beyond the technique came from the statement that "voice is body "often does not resonates in the labs of vocal practice. Actors tend to experience a voiceless body to later append a voice mentally processed. The result is a segregation body and voice that clearly appears on the scene and compromises the vocal action, reducing it to a vocal emission effective for the running of the informative speech, but ineffective in expanding the sense of the scene. This investigation was conducted on three main areas: the theoretical references, the observation of actors in the laboratory (group of study practices and classes of body and voice) and the trajectory of the author's thesis as an actress. In all of these lines, was no need to look at the picture more widely. Believing that voice is body required to throw light on what is the body which features to the artistic process. From there, there were some reflections that puts life of actor as a key element of their art: the life that disposes the body and voice to action. For being a subjective way of look to art and deliberately highlight the personal nature that exists in each creative process, this research was been written with poetic interference to report the trajectory of actress / researcher on contact with the questions which underlie the hypothesis. The research is the way that goes from the theoretical discussion about the human being who features to the art until the development of procedures for vocal practice that can be used as a methodology for a distinctive contact with the text / Doutorado / Teatro, Dança e Performance / Doutora em Artes da Cena

The first effective demonstration of a telescope using reflecting optics was made by Isaac Newton, and his invention was given widespread publicity by the Royal Society of London in 1672. Newtonts instrument was closely associated with the introduction of his new theory of the nature of white light and colour, and for Newton his telescopes practicability remained important to the acceptance of his optical theory. Newtonts telescope, influenced to some extent by the earlier work of James Gregory, encouraged the Royal Society to promote more ambitious trials, but instruments by Robert Hooke and Christopher Cock, and by Newton himself, achieved only limited success. Renewed interest in the reflector followed its re- emergence in Newtonts Opticks of 1704. John Hadleyes successful revival of Newtones instrument led in turn to the establishment in London of competitive commercial manufacture of reflectors in the early 18th century, and by 1710 the market was dominated by the instruments of James Short. Contemporary references to the reflecting telescopes of Newton and others have been analysed to allow the historical development of this work to be established more reliably, and to propose a relationship between the various instruments that may be ascribed to Newton. The emphasis has therefore been placed on the instrumentation itself, on practical detail, and on questions of provenance.

The phenomenon of thermoluminescence (TL) cannot yet be said to be completely understood, and cases of anomalous results from TL dating programmes are not infrequent, although explanations are rarely given. It is therefore useful to put TL dating into a firmer physical framework in which all relevant phenomena can be adequately described, whence the best action can be taken to avoid spurious results. However, TL dating embraces many varied aspects of physics, and a solution to all the problems is not a simple task. This thesis is intended to be an experimental study of some of the main physical techniques in thermoluminescence dating. Following a brief review of the whole field, selected areas presented here have been investigated in more detail. A new TL reader has been implemented with novel design features, including microprocessor controlled heating cycles, a switch-mode power supply direct current heating, all based on a modular concept to facilitate future improvements in the hardware. The use of a microprocessor as the heating controller should enable further development (eg. data collection and processing) to be a straightforward task. Non-linear heating profiles can be generated for glow curve analysis and for providing pre-heat zones. The radioisotope content of ceramics and soils is important in TL dating, and a comparison of commonly used radio assay techniques has been made with the aim of assigning a minimum detectable activity to each technique for a given required accuracy. The analytical methods have been applied to various ceramic samples, and the derived dose rates within the shards are calculated and presented for comparison. Some theoretical aspects of TL described in this thesis include a computer model to simulate common TL phenomena, which is used to investigate the effects of varying the model parameters. A complete solution of the equations determining glow curve shapes produced by hyperbolic heating profiles is presented, with techniques for extracting the mathematical constants describing the model, from them. A brief intercomparison of five quartz samples of differing origins is presented with a trace element analysis of the samples to determine whether there exists a correlation between trace element concentration and the magnitude of the TL properties.

No description available.

No description available.