No description available.

Nombre d'applications nécessitent un lien de communication sans fil présentant une faible consommation électrique, sans requérir de débits élevés. La technologie basée sur la transmission de signaux impulsionnels UWB dispose de bonnes propriétés intrinsèques permettant non seulement d'envisager la mise en œuvre de solutions peu complexes au niveau de l'émetteur-récepteur, mais aussi d'exploiter à des fins de radiolocalisation la résolution temporelle inhérente à la largeur de bande disponible. Cette technologie a d'ailleurs été plébiscitée au sein du groupe IEEE 802.15.4a qui a été chargé de définir une couche physique alternative pour les WPAN bas débit. C'est dans ce contexte de recherche technologique et de normalisation que s'inscrivent ces travaux de thèse, avec pour objectif la définition d'une architecture de récepteur consommant peu, et compatible avec la norme en cours d'élaboration. En premier lieu, nous caractérisons les signaux UWB et développons un modèle d'impulsion prenant en compte les principaux paramètres de la couche physique intervenant dans la puissance rayonnée (largeur de bande, densité spectrale, fréquence de répétition des impulsions, etc.). Nous étudions ensuite l'influence du canal de propagation et modélisons de manière statistique plusieurs grandeurs nécessaires à l'établissement d'un bilan de liaison réaliste (distribution des amplitudes reçues, répartition de l'énergie, etc.). À la lumière de ces études, nous explorons et comparons différentes architectures de réception (performance, complexité, robustesse aux trajets multiples, etc). Enfin, la solution retenue, comprenant également un algorithme de synchronisation, est présentée en détails.

Ground-based radars are instruments commonly used to surveil the precipitation climate of the surrounding areas. Weather events are characterized by collecting backscatter data and analyzing computed products such as the Reflectivity Factor, the Doppler Velocity, the Spectrum Width, the Differential Reflectivity, the Co-polar Correlation Coefficient and the Differential Propagation Phase. The ability of the radar to transmit different polarization waves, such as horizontal and vertical polarization, allow for further analysis of the weather given the capability to perform co-polar and cross-polar measurements. The Linear Depolarization Ratio is another computed product based on the difference in power between the co-polarized and cross-polarized channel used to, for example, classify and characterize the ice crystal types. In order to obtain this variable, the radar has to be able to receive in both horizontal and vertical polarizations but transmit in either of them. This thesis presents the modifications performed on the MA-1 prototype radar from the CASA (Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere) Engineering Center to support cross-polarization measurement studies. The new radar, now known as UMass eXperimental X-Band (UMaXX) Radar is a dual-polarization radar able to transmit in both horizontal and vertical polarizations or single horizontal polarization and receive in both, making it able to compute LDR. The radar is installed atop of a tower located on Orchard Hill at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where it operates at all times. This thesis also presents the analysis of sample weather phenomena captured with the radar, including rain events and the Hardwick tornado, recorded on October 23rd 2018 and registered by the weather services.

Världen är i behov av en ständigt ökande mängd energi och även om vi kan fortsätta att skövla regnskogarna och ödelägga haven i jakt på olja så är detta inte en hållbar lösning. Mer förnybar energi behöver produceras och detta kan åstadkommas genom att antingen utökningen av de nuvarande förnybara energikällorna eller genom att utveckla mer effektiva sätt att generera förnybar energi. Detta projekt väljer att fokusera på det andra alternativet. En solpanel omvandlar solljus till elektrisk ström genom att generera en spänning. Hur stark spänningen är beror på ljusets intensitet och hur mycket ljus som träffar panelen. En solpanel där solljuset faller in vinkelrätt mot panelen genererar en högre spänning och med det mer elektricitet. Syftet med detta arbete var att konstruera en solföljare, med tillhörande solpanel, som kunde finna solens position på himlen på två olika sätt och sedan jämföra metoderna. Solföljaren använde sig av en tvåaxlad design för att kunna täcka hela himlavalvet och bestod av en kropp och tillhörande elektronik. Kroppen designades i ett CAD-program, Computer-aided design, och 3D-printades sedan. Den första metoden som användes för att finna solen på himlen var med ljuskänsliga resistorer vars resistans sjunker när de utsätts för ljus, så kallade fotomotsånd alternativt LDR. En GPS låg till grund för den andra metoden. Fotomotstånden gav information om vart ifrån det starkaste ljuset kom ifrån medan GPS:en gav solföljarens koordinater, datum och klockslag. I båda fallen omvandlades datan till instruktioner för solföljaren två motorer via en mikrokontroller, en enkel form av dator, specifikt en Arduino Nano.

Solar energy is a clean energy source which has a minimal impact on the environment than other forms of energy. Solar energy is now widely used in a variety of applications. Although solar energy is widely used, the efficiency of converting solar energy into electricity is insufficient since most solar panels are installed at a fixed angle and the fixed solar panels do not aim directly towards the sun due to the earth’s constant motion. Solar panels are very expensive for families or businesses that consume more energy than usual, as they require several solar panels to generate enough power. The main objective of this project is to build a working model so that to increase the efficiency of power output taken from solar panel by continuously tracking the sun’s rays through out the day and aligns the solar panel orthogonal to the sun. To develop a model that benefits people by producing more solar energy with fewer solar panels. In order to overcome this problem we come up with a solution through Arduino Uno system which consists of four LDR sensors which are responsible for the detection of the light intensity of the sun’s rays. Two micro servo motors are used for movement of the solar panel in azimuth and elevation direction since it is a dual axis tracking system. A solar panel is the core part we use in this model for the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. The LCD displays shows the power output of the solar panel. The proposed system is a dual axis tracking system that actively tracks solar radiation and adjusts the panel so that the sun’s rays are perpendicular to it, maximizing the solar panel’s power output. The LCD display shows the power output of the solar panel. By this project, we can say that dual axis tracking system we built can track the sun’s rays and increases the power output of solar panel. The manual effort for changing the solar panel according to the sun position can be avoided.

No description available.

HDR images have much wider range of luminance values, than photographs created and displayed in a standard 24-bit format. There are several ways to create images with high dynamic range, but this diploma thesis focuses just on one of them, and it is the method of composing out of series of standard photographs. The goal of the first part of the text consists of studying, understanding and eventually writing down the basic terms and knowledge in the subject of image composition and other processes, necessary to create HDR photographs. Next the procedure of creating images with high dynamic range, processing and converting them into viewable form, is described. The following chapter contains the design of the application, which creates this kind of photographs, and which is smoothly changing into its actual implementation afterwards. The process of experimenting and its results are presented and discussed firstly in their own chapter and secondly in the attachment. The conclusion contains the summary of the work and the options of possible expansion.

The demand for automated home solutions is growing and it has created a market for automated blinds. For now most of these solutions seem to focus on fully opening and closing, either rolling blinds or slat blinds, with different electronic solutions. There doesn’t seem to be many solutions for continuously regulating light inlet based on ambient light. This project examined the possibilities of continuously regulating the amount of natural light let through a window. This was tested by measuring ambient light on one side of the blind with light dependant resistors (LDR’s) and regulating a Venetian blind based on measured light intensity. A feed-forward controller was implemented, programmed on an Arduino Uno board, to control sensors and actuators that regulate the blind. A prototype unit was built on a window-resembling wooden frame to evaluate the performance of the controller. The light sensitivity of LDR’s were sufficient for measuring differences in ambient light in different conditions where an automated blind could be used. The final prototype could be set to adjust light inlet in increments for changes in ambient light, thereby opening up to uses beyond simply closing and opening a light inlet. Future improvements could be to implement a feedback controller (e.g. a PID controller). The controller could be set to a certain reference as preferred ambient lighting in a room, thereby letting the controller adjust the blinds towards that reference value while conditions outside and inside change during the day. This could also be implemented in already existing smart home solutions. / Efterfrågan på automatiserade hemmalöningar är växande och det har skapat en marknad för automatiserade persienner. För nuvarande verkar det de flesta lösningarna fokusera på att helt öppna eller stänga, antingen rullgardiner eller persienner, med olika elektriska lösningar. Det verkar inte finnas många lösningar med kontinuerlig justering av inkommande omgivningsljus. Detta projekt utforskar möjligheterna för kontinuerlig justering av mängden naturligt ljus som släpps igenom ett fönster. Detta gjordes genom att mäta omgivande ljus på ena sidan av persiennen med fotoresistorer och reglera persiennen baserat på den uppmätta ljusintensiteten. Framkopplad styrning implementerades, programmerad på en Arduino Uno, för att styra sensorer och ställdon som reglerar persiennen. En prototypenhet byggdes på en fönsterliknande träram för att utvärdera prestandan av styrenheten.  Ljuskänsligheten i fotoresistorerna var tillräcklig för att mäta skillnader i omgivningsljus för de olika förhållanden där automatiserade persienner skulle kunna användas. Den slutgiltiga prototypen kunde ställas in att justera ljusinsläppet stegvis för skillnader i omgivningsljus, vari nya användningsområden öppnas upp utöver att endast stänga och öppna ett ljusinsläpp.  Framtida förbättringar skulle kunna vara att implementera en återkopplande styrning (t.ex. PID-styrning). Styrenheten skulle kunna ställas in till ett specifikt referensvärde på önskat omgivande ljus i ett rum, vari kontrollern justerar persiennerna för att hålla det önskade referensvärdet medan förhållanden utomhus och inomhus varierar under dagen. Detta skulle även kunna implementeras i redan befintliga smarta lösningar för hemmet.

The target of this thesis is sumarize the theory of metods used for composition image sequence into single high dynamic range image. Selected methods and algorithms are described in theoretical part and implemented in practical part of this thesis. It was used C++ language with using OpenCV library.

This thesis project investigates, analyzes, designs, simulates, constructs and tests a dual-axis solar tracker system to track the sun and concentrates the heat of the sunlight, using a Fresnel lens, into a small area, which is above of an evaporator, to increase the temperature of the seawater to convert it into freshwater. The dual-axis solar tracker was designed with the main objectives that the structure was portable, dismountable, lightweight, low cost, corrosion resistant, wires inside pipes, accurate, small size, follow the sun automatically, off-grid (electrical), use green energy (solar powered), and has an empty area right below of the lens. First, a 500 mm diameter flat Fresnel lens was selected and simulated based on an algorithmic method achieved by a previous PhD student at UNT using MATLAB®, to give the optimization lens dimensions. The lens profile was drawn with AutoCAD®, then output profile lens was simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics®. The objective was to provide the high efficiency, optimum and high precision of the focal rays and heat to the receiver of the evaporator. A novel dual-axis solar tracker system was then designed that is portable, dismountable, lightweight and corrosion resistant. The solar tracker tracks the sun in two axis of rotation automatically during the day time, maximizing the angles of inclination on each axis. After testing computer simulations, the dual-axis solar tracker system was constructed and tested. Last, a detailed cost analysis was performed of the entire project. The outcome of this work can be applied for desalination seawater purposes or other any Fresnel lens application that require a focal high temperature directed by dual-axis solar tracker system.