It is certainly important for the Swedish school to prepare students for the adult world. It iscertainty a priority according to our curriculum, once students graduate, they should behaving democratic principles which includes an understanding and respecting all humankind, regardless of ethnicity, religion, and sexuality. For this to be achieved, the Swedish teachingin schools must incorporate teaching contents which allows students to understand socialstructures and norms that underlies in society that causes inequality. Such contents should bemore about racism, sexism and for this research primarily focus, homophobia. Often within subjects, LGBT+ has been invisible in Swedish teaching which causes students to be rather ignorant to their surroundings. Therefore, it is crucial and necessary to teach especially in the subject history for upper secondary schools. Hence, the fact that history contributes to shaping students’ identity. Thus, this research investigates how history teachers includes the LGBTQ+ in their history teaching. It is also in this study’s interest to analyze how heteronormativity underlies in teachers teaching ability in relation to history teaching. To research this matter, the method for this study is a qualitive method which has collected data in form of interviews from seven different teachers and different schools. The chosen theory was queer theory as the study primarily focuses on how sexuality is conceptualized and understood by teachers aswell as their reflection on heteronormativity. The result of the findings was that none of the teachers had taught about LGBTQ+ in history but simultaneously showed a great amount of interest in doing so near the future. However, the teachers expressed some uncertainty in how LGBTQ+ could be taught in a more practical sense. According to the teachers, this uncertainty that was an obstacle they needed to overcome, had many factors. Among the factors were that the teachers were uneducated in the history of LGBTQ+, time seemed to be against them and there are no proper teaching materials which the teachers can confine in. This gap has also caused teachers to be unprepared for conflicts in the classroom related toLGBTIQ+-questions. This finding shows that both the academic world along with the teaching programs must educate teacher students about such important matters for them to be prepared once their careers begin.

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Christian, Philadelphian, and Gay-Affirming Responses to AIDS, 1982-1992" is an analysis of primary source material from Christian congregations and extra-denominational religious groups, particularly with regards to the way these groups used scripture and theological language to construct a counter-narrative to the prevailing discourse that painted AIDS as God's punishment on sinners. These materials show the way these groups represented themselves both within their own communities and outward, providing a textual record of the way leaders and laypersons alike discussed AIDS and its meaning. This work begins by considering the complicated factors at play: the particular history of Philadelphia and its relationship to its gay communities, historical and contemporary attitudes of Christianity toward sin and disease, and the particular biomedical and political realities of AIDS. It then follows the epidemic through several Philadelphian Christian communities from 1982 to 1992, demonstrating changing Christian attitudes toward sickness and sexuality as reflected in the rhetoric from these organizations, as understandings of AIDS went from the apocalyptic to the wearily optimistic. This dissertation demonstrates that while AIDS was never the whole of gay life in the United States, not even during the years it was most frightening and least understood, the crisis it introduced necessitated gay-affirming articulations of Christian theology – ones that persisted even as they became less necessary, as infection demographics shifted. This work's examination of these texts shows how marginalized Christian communities and their allies can use liberative Christian rhetoric to push back against language of oppression supported by the dominant Christian paradigm. / Religion

Communicating Legacy: Media, Memory, and Harvey Milk examines publicly available media, artifacts and events in service of remembering Harvey Milk, who in 1977 became the first openly gay man elected to public office in California. Although he addressed issues of a diverse constituency, Milk is often remembered for demanding gay rights, his co-authorship of the San Francisco’s Human Rights Ordinance, and a successful campaign against the passage of Proposition 6 in 1978, a state proposition to prohibit gay men and lesbian women from working in public schools. His political career ended weeks later, when Milk was assassinated, along with San Francisco Mayor George Moscone, by former city supervisor and colleague Dan White. Forms of public and popular media addressing the remembrance of Milk and communicating his legacy include: journalism, books, documentary and fiction film, public art, theatrical and musical performances, memorials, commemorations, public history exhibitions, as well as types of legacy-naming. I term this media material media memoria – material in service of remembering. Through a mix of textual methods (visual/narrative/discourse), fieldwork (participant observation, interviewing) and archival/historical research methods, I examine how Milk media memoria create representations and narratives of Harvey Milk. I focus on how these representations narratives are used over time in the construction, negotiation and maintenance of local, LGBTQIA+ and eventually a larger public memory of Harvey Milk. This project is a mix of history, memory, and media analysis. It is written as an overlapping chronology, so the reader can experience the mediated communication of Milk’s legacy as it moves forward through time. It is situated within the study of media and communication but is interdisciplinary in that it finds inspiration from memory studies, film and media studies, museum and exhibition studies, and public history – all areas in which communication with a public, and mediated communication, play integral parts of collective memory narrative building. Communicating Legacy: Media, Memory and Harvey Milk aspires to be a contribution toward a more comprehensive history of the memory of Milk. The project concludes with a summary of the core and layered Milk memory narratives, a look at the key memory keepers and institutional players in Milk memory maintenance, and a discussion of the future of Milk memory. Through a discussion of how media memoria communicate the legacy of Harvey Milk, the dissertation adds to scholarly knowledge about how collective memory of public figures is constructed in American culture. Additionally, the dissertation works toward resolving deficiencies in research addressing LGBTQIA+ collective memory studies. / Media & Communication

Cette étude a eu pour but d'analyser le rôle de l'individu et de l'individualisme au sein des mouvements sociaux au Chili, notamment pendant la dernière vague de mobilisations entre les années 2006 et 2012. Elle a essayé de comprendre la montée des mobilisations dans le pays malgré la forte influence que l'individualisme a eue au sein de la société chilienne à partir de la dictature ; et plus particulièrement de répondre à la question : comment construire une action politico-collective à partir de l'individu ? Pour ce faire, une étude comparative a été menée ayant deux composantes. La première a été une comparaison sociohistorique des événements de protestation à Santiago du Chili, basée sur la quantification de l'information de médias et d'autres sources d'information ainsi que sur l'information disponible provenant du domaine de l'histoire sociale, notamment les données d'événements de violence contestataire de l'historien Gabriel Salazar pendant la période allant de 1947 à 1987. La deuxième composante a été la comparaison de deux mouvements sociaux qui ont été mobilisés pendant la période à l'étude : le mouvement d'élèves du secondaire et le mouvement LGBTQ. L'analyse a été de plus bonifiée par des entretiens réalisés à activistes du mouvement de pobladores. À partir de ces éléments, il est possible de conclure que pendant la période à l'étude, il se produit une répolitisation de l'individualisme dans le pays et que cette répolitisation a été la manifestation d'une transformation de la structure de valeurs au sein de ces groupes qui a placé l'individu au centre de l'action politique. Il s'agit de la configuration d'un cadre normatif maître partagé par plusieurs organisations. / The aim of this study was to analyse the role of the individual and the individualism in social movements in Chile, particularly during the last wave of mobilisations between 2006 and 2012. It tried to understand the rise of mobilizations in the country, despite the strong influence that individualism has had in Chilean society from the period of military dictatorship; and more specifically to answer the question: how to construct a contention movement from the individual? In order to achieve this goal, a comparative study which had two components was carried on. The first was a sociohistorical comparison in Santiago de Chile employing protest events analysis based on the quantification of media information and other sources of information, as well as information available from the field of social history, particularly the violent protest events that the historian Gabriel Salazar had analysed during the period from 1947 to 1987. The second component was the comparison of two social movements that were mobilized during the period under review: the secondary students movement and the LGBTQ movement. The analysis was further enhanced by interviews with activists of the movement of pobladores. On the basis of these elements, it can be concluded that during the period under study there is a repoliticization of individualism in the country and that this repolitisation has been an expression of a transformation of the contention values structure that place the individual at the heart of political action. This is the configuration of a master normative frame shared by several organizations. / Este estudio ha tenido por objetivo analizar el papel del individuo y del individualismo al interior de los movimientos sociales en Chile, particularmente durante la última ola de movilizaciones que tuvo lugar entre los años 2006 y 2012. Se trató de comprender el aumento de las movilizaciones en el país a pesar de la fuerte influencia que el individualismo ha tenido en el seno de la sociedad chilena a partir de la dictadura; y particularmente de tratar de responder a la pregunta: ¿cómo construir una acción político- colectiva a partir del individuo? Para poder cumplir este objetivo se realizó un estudio comparativo de dos componentes. El primero fue una comparación socio-histórica de los eventos de protesta en Santiago de Chile, basada en la cuantificación de la información proveniente de medios de comunicación y de otras fuentes, así como en la información proveniente del campo de la historia social, particularmente los datos de hechos de violencia contestataria que el historiador Gabriel Salazar recolectó entre los años 1947 y 1987. El segundo componente fue la comparación de dos movimientos sociales que han estado activos durante el período de estudio: el movimiento de estudiantes de enseñanza secundaria y el movimiento LGBTQ. El análisis se benefició también de entrevistas realizados a activistas del movimiento de pobladores. A partir de estos elementos, es posible concluir que durante el período de estudio se ha producido una repolitización del individualismo en el país y que esta repolitización ha sido la expresión de la transformación de la estructura de valores al interior de estos grupos que ha situado al individuo en el centro de la acción política. Se trata de la configuración de un marco normativo maestro compartido por varias organizaciones.

<p> Today&rsquo;s young gay men are experiencing life choice options in manners greater than any prior generation of gay men, particularly when considering family building. These men are coming out at earlier ages and facing a socio-political world of increased legal rights and opportunities, among which is the opportunity to parent outside of a heterosexual past. Informed by interviews with 51 gay men, aged 18-35, this research explores the personal views of today&rsquo;s young gay men about parenting. While past research has primarily focused upon the views of gay men who were already parenting, thus recalling past aspirations, this project focuses on the current views of gay men who have yet to pursue parenthood. Central discussions have explored the views of gay men who desire or are yet undecided about wanting children, as well as those men who actively speak to a preference to remain childfree. Among these three groups, how they are personally constructing their parental desires, what they perceive the pros and cons of parenting to be, and the manner in which their aspiration influences intimate and family relationships are examined. These views are additionally contextualized to the men&rsquo;s cultural observations of media and political climate. Despite social and historic assumptions that a gay identity implies a childfree path, these men particularly speak to the emergent and active consideration of parenthood by many. One may no longer presume a gay identity is incompatible with a fathering identity&mdash;it is a choice to be made at the individual level.</p>

<p> Gay and bisexual Black men experience higher lifetime depression rates than both White and Black heterosexual men. Some social stress researchers argued that this rate may be due to having two stigmatized minority identities and therefore being at greater risk. However, gay and bisexual Black men also experience lifetime depression rates significantly below White LGB people, suggesting resilience to depression for those with these intersecting identities, race and sexuality. This study attempted to address the debate between greater risk versus resilience in gay and bisexual Black men. </p><p> This study investigated whether internalized heterosexism and internalized racism would independently predict depressive symptoms, and whether the interaction of the two would account for more reported depression, supporting the greater risk perspective and minority stress theory (Meyer, 2003). Additionally, the resilience perspective was tested using Africultural coping, culture-specific type of coping, as a moderator of the relationship between internalized stigmas and depressive symptoms. All variables were examined for their relative contributions to depressive symptoms in gay and bisexual Black men to allow for a nuanced view of risk and resilience in this population. </p><p> Eighty-three gay and bisexual Black men of diverse ages, incomes, and educational levels from around the U.S. completed all online surveys and were included in analysis. The single multiple regression was significant with the full model explaining 43% of the variance in depressive symptoms. Internalized heterosexism was positively associated with depressive symptoms. Neither internalized racism, nor the interaction of internalized stigmas (internalized heterosexism x internalized racism) was significant. Thus, minority stress theory was only partially supported and the greater risk perspective was not supported. </p><p> Africultural coping was not significant, in this sample, in predicting depressive symptoms, nor was the interaction of Africultural Coping with each of the two internalized stigmas. In keeping with social stress theory and research, reported low income was significantly and positively associated with depressive symptoms. Possible confounds and limitations are discussed. Implications for theory, methodology and measurement are also discussed.</p>

<p>This quantitative study explored the role of family acceptance as a protective factor for LGBT youth and young adults. The survey was given to 43 participants, between 20 to 29 years old, with 17 self-identified as bisexual, 14 lesbian, 10 gay, and 2 transgendered. The findings show that higher levels of family acceptance are a significant predictor for higher reports in general health. Lower levels of family acceptance was found to be a significant predictor for higher reports of depressive symptoms, lower self-esteem, and higher reports of negative experiences with substance use. Furthermore, data collected from this study reveals the level of family religiosity to be a significant predictor of family acceptance. LGBT adolescents have a variety of needs that can be met by educating parents and health care professionals about the importance of adopting supportive behaviors and promoting acceptance of LGBT identity.

<p> Minority and Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgendered (LGBT) businesspersons are carving out for themselves leadership roles in the world of business as entrepreneurs and CEO&rsquo;s. As they are experiencing much success, and are sought after to help provide unique and necessary perspectives regarding best practices in the areas of inclusion, diversity and strategic planning; they are yet underrepresented in mainstream media and in the business community. This qualitative study explores the enabling and inhibiting factors that select African American Gay Male Entrepreneurs (AAGME) experience throughout their career and ascent into entrepreneurship. The qualitative research includes interviews from ten African American Gay Males, who live in the metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia area and have owned/operated their organizations for three or more years. The accounts obtained of the AAGME are the primary data reviewed and reported. </p><p> Qualitative research methods are used to analyze the data, and the findings are presented in narrative format. The findings are consistent with the literature review and examined elements of enabling and inhibiting factors experienced by other LGBT professionals. The findings suggest that African American gay men considering starting their own organizations may benefit from utilizing a collaborative leadership approach, inclusive decision-making practices, personal and professional flexibility, and expressing humility and authenticity. AAGME aspiring to begin their own enterprises may also benefit from mentorship from an established LGBT businessperson and/or living in, or establishing their company in a geography that is supportive of LGBT persons and conducive to holistic identity expression.</p>

This thesis is an exploration of the various ways in which queer identity has been subsumed within an urban sensibility by mainstream culture, and how mediated articulations of queerness have subsequently been impacted. Highlighting the influence of late capitalism within the creation of a categorical “queer” identity, this work connects the history of the gentrified gayborhood to televisual and filmic representations of urban and rural queers. Interrogating legacy media representations opens up a conversation about how new media articulations of queerness might operate in the digital age. Examinations of popular queer websites, Downelink, GLEE and I’m From Driftwood illustrate the reification of common LGBTQ identity tropes, as well as highlight the spaces where queer affect theory might perform a critical intervention in how new media scholars might approach future research of online sources. / text