Orientador: Aparecido Donizete Rossi / Banca: Karin Volobuef / Banca: Álvaro Luiz Hattnher / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar e investigar o processo de individuação da personagem Frodo Bolseiro em O Senhor dos Anéis [The Lord of The Rings, 1950], romance mais importante do escritor John Ronald Reuel Tolkien. O processo de individuação, conceito desenvolvido pelo psiquiatra suíço Carl G. Jung, é um tema sobremaneira relevante, caracterizado como a tendência da psique de encontrar o equilíbrio e a completude. Essa tendência aparece frequentemente na extensa obra de Tolkien e é muito explorada na jornada da personagem Frodo, o principal herói do romance em questão. Frodo passa por diversas experiências e encontra diversas figuras arquetípicas que, pode-se afirmar, apontam para um processo de individuação nos termos junguianos. Para aprofundar e enriquecer a análise, serão apresentados teóricos da literatura como Northrop Frye e Gaston Bachelard, que foram influenciados pela psicologia arquetípica de Carl Jung. O trabalho que ora se apresenta também pretende ilustrar a importância das ideias de Jung e dos principais conceitos da psicologia arquetípica para o estudo da personagem e para a própria crítica literária. / Abstract: This research aims to analyse the individuation process of the character Frodo Baggins in The Lord of the Rings (1951), J.R.R. Tolkien's masterpiece. The individuation process, a concept developed by the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung, is a most relevant theme characterized as the psyche tendency to reach balance. This tendency is frequently shown in Tolkien's extensive work and it is very much explored in Frodo's journey, the main hero of the novel. Frodo goes through several life experiences and meets lots of archetypal figures that point to an individuation process. To go deeper, enriching the analysis, literature theorists as Northrop Frye and Gaston Bachelard, who were influenced by Jung's psychology, will be introduced. This research also intends to make clear the importance of Jung's archetypal psychology for literary criticism. / Mestre

Orientador: Alvaro Luiz Hattnher / Banca: Ivan Marcos Ribeiro / Banca: Márcio Scheel / Resumo: O apocalipse é um tema recorrente na literatura. As imagens e figuras associadas a ele estão presentes em textos tão diversos quanto a Bíblia ou em obras pertencentes ao subgênero romântico "The Last Man" e, atualmente, em textos que se valem de uma nova abordagem para representar o fim do mundo: o "pós-apocalipse". Esses textos retratam a dissolução de uma sociedade organizada em torno de leis e de princípios de ética e de cidadania que foi devastada por um evento catastrófico. Os que sobreviveram a esse evento devem encontrar formas de continuarem sobrevivendo, mas, agora, em um mundo desolado e sem leis. Dessa forma, o que há de importante nessas narrativas não é necessariamente o evento catastrófico em si, mas, sim, como se estruturará a sociedade pós-evento, regida primordialmente pela lei da sobrevivência. Neste trabalho, propõe-se o estudo do livro pós-apocalíptico The Road (2006), de Cormac McCarthy e a sua adaptação homônima para o suporte fílmico (2009), dirigida por John Hillcoat. As duas obras retratam a luta pela sobrevivência de um pai e de um filho em meio a um mundo pós-apocalíptico. Além de buscar a sua sobrevivência e a do filho, durante a narrativa, o pai exerce o papel mais difícil neste tempo desolador: o papel de ser pai. Pensando-se nas relações de intertextualidade entre o texto adaptado e sua adaptação, este estudo visa investigar como se constitui a representação de espaço e ambientação na obra literária e na obra fílmica. De acordo com a distinção... / Abstract: The apocalypse is a recurrent theme in literature. The images and figures associated with it are present in texts as diverse as the Bible or the works belonging to the romantic subgenre "The Last Man" and, today, in texts that use a new approach to represent the end of the world: the "post-apocalypse". These texts depict the dissolution of a society organized around laws and principles of ethics and citizenship that was devastated by a catastrophic event. Those who survived this event must find ways to continue to survive, but now in a desolate and lawless world. Thus, what is important in these narratives is not necessarily the catastrophic event itself, but rather, how will the post-event society be structured, governed primarily by the law of survival. In this work, we propose the study of Cormac McCarthy's post-apocalyptic book The Road (2006) and its homonymous adaptation to the film support (2009), directed by John Hillcoat. The two works depict the struggle for the survival of a father and son in the midst of a post-apocalyptic world. In addition to pursuing his survival and that of his son, during the narrative, the father plays the most difficult role in this bleak time: the role of being a father. Thinking about the intertextual relations between the adapted text and its adaptation, this study aims to investigate how the representation of space and ambiance is constituted in the literary work and in the film work. According to the distinction between space and ambiance proposed by Osman Lins (1976), it is intended to study such narrative elements in the adapted work and its adaptation, in order to demonstrate how important and contributory are to the development of the central conflict of narrative. Since in every environment by which the characters pass, they are psychologically transformed in some way. In addition, it aims to demonstrate how solidary space and ambiance are to the ... / Mestre

Orientador: Rosane Gazolla Alves Feitosa / Banca: Benedito Antunes / Banca: Regina Célia dos Santos Alves / Resumo: A partir da fonte primária O Pirralho (1911-1918) podemos verificar a presença de Eça de Queirós (1845-1900) e, sobretudo, de sua personagem, Fradique Mendes, já que lhe foi reservado espaço expressivo em uma de suas enquetes literárias, que foi levada a cabo de dezembro de 1914 a maio de 1915 em dezesseis artigos-resposta. Nesse sentido, nossa dissertação objetiva confirmar a relevância da presença de Fradique Mendes, tal como de todo universo queirosiano no âmbito paulista, especialmente ao buscarmos comprovar a importância da enquete sobre a personagem realizada pelo periódico para a história da literatura luso-brasileira. Pretendemos, então, comentá-la sob a perspectiva da influência e permanência de Eça de Queirós entre nós. Sobre isso, nosso apoio teórico é respaldado em textos que versam sobre o período, especialmente A vida literária no Brasil - 1900, de Brito Broca. Sendo assim, nosso primeiro capítulo é o espaço destinado às contextualizações. Destacamos as principais facetas da cidade de São Paulo que vivia o auge da belle époque, marcada também pelo surgimento de uma "literatura de tonalidade paulistana" (CANDIDO, 2000), o que nos leva ao período literário comumente denominado de Pré-Modernismo. Além disso, preocupamo-nos em detalhar as gêneses d'A correspondência de Fradique Mendes, assim como a de seu protagonista, destacando especialmente o momento histórico e a fase literária em que foram concebidos. Para tanto, adotamos uma abordagem relacionada à obra consid... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Based on the primary source, the weekly, O Pirralho (1911-1918), we can verify the presence of Eça de Queirós (1845-1900) and, above all, his character, Fradique Mendes, since he was given significant space in one of its literary polls, which was carried out from December 1914 to May 1915 in sixteen articles-answer. In this sense, our dissertation aims to confirm the relevance of the presence of Fradique Mendes, as of all the Queirosian universe in the São Paulo context, especially as we try to prove the importance of the poll about the character performed by the periodical for the history of portuguese-brazilian literature. We intend, then, to comment on it from the perspective of the influence and permanence of Eça de Queirós among us. On this, our theoretical support is supported in texts that deal with the period, especially A vida literária no Brasil -1900 by Brito Broca. So, our first chapter is the space for contextualization. We highlight the main facets of this city that lived the peak of belle époque, also marked by the emergence of a "literature of tonality from São Paulo" (CANDIDO, 2000), which brings us to the literary period commonly called Pre-Modernism, we consider that it was necessary to demonstrate the influence of Eça de Queirós and even of his character, Fradique Mendes, among the men of letters of the time in question. In addition, we are concerned with detailing the genres of A correspondência de Fradique Mendes, as well as that of its protagonist, espe... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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The main body of this thesis is a commentary on sections 1.19b-33 and 1.97-109 of Cicero's De Inuentione. These sections treat partes orationis in general (1.19b), then exordium (1.20-26), narratio (1.27-30), partitio (1.31-33), digressio (1.97), and conclusio (1.98-109). Due to the imposed word limit, the sections on confirmatio (1.34-77) and reprehensio (1.78-96) could not be included in the thesis. The structure of the commentary on each of these sections will be: introduction to the section, references to parallel passages in other Latin and Greek rhetorical texts, the most important general literature on the subject of the section, comparison of the passage in Cic.Inu.1 with the corresponding one in Rhet.Her, individual lemmata. The lemmata will cover various kinds of information, such as textual, grammatical, and linguistic issues, background information on persons, objects etc. mentioned, the young Cicero's position within the rhetorical tradition for a particular point (i.e. influence on and by Cic.Inu.). To the commentary proper, a number of introduction chapters have been added. Due to the word limit, only a selection of these can be included in the thesis: the title 'De Inuentione' and Cicero's intention to write on all five partes artis; the structure of Cic.Inu.; subdividing the art; rhythm and clausulae; the young Cicero's knowledge of Aristotle's works; the relationship between Cic.Inu. and Rhet.Her. (abbreviated version); the proems of Cic.Inu. (abbreviated version); preliminary comments on Narratio; the Orestes case in the rhetorical tradition; examples in Cic.Inu. (abbreviated version). The structure of the commentary on each of these sections will be: introduction to the section, references to parallel passages in other Latin and Greek rhetorical texts, the most important general literature on the subject of the section, comparison of the passage in Cic.Inu.1 with the corresponding one in Rhet.Her, individual lemmata. The lemmata will cover various kinds of information, such as textual, grammatical, and linguistic issues, background information on persons, objects etc. mentioned, the young Cicero's position within the rhetorical tradition for a particular point (i.e. influence on and by Cic.Inu.). To the commentary proper, a number of introduction chapters have been added. Due to the word limit, only a selection of these can be included in the thesis: the title 'De Inuentione' and Cicero's intention to write on all five partes artis; the structure of Cic.Inu.; subdividing the art; rhythm and clausulae; the young Cicero's knowledge of Aristotle's works; the relationship between Cic.Inu. and Rhet.Her. (abbreviated version); the proems of Cic.Inu. (abbreviated version); preliminary comments on Narratio; the Orestes case in the rhetorical tradition; examples in Cic.Inu. (abbreviated version).

This thesis examines masculinities in the Íslendingasögur. It attempts to uncover the dominant model of masculinity that operates in the sagas, outlines how masculinities and masculine characters function within these texts, and investigates the means by which the sagas, and saga characters, may subvert masculine dominance. The thesis applies to men and masculinities in saga literature the same scrutiny traditionally used to study women and femininities. The first - introductory - chapter reviews the limited scholarship that presently exists on masculinities in Old Norse literature. It then proposes a new model for the critical study of saga masculinities, drawing on sociological theories of hegemonic and subordinated masculinities. The second chapter ranges across the entire Íslendingasaga corpus in order to demonstrate how masculinity inflects homosocial relationships (and thus virtually all aspects of saga texts). It also suggests that almost all masculine characters have a problematic relationship with masculinity as a result of the intersectional nature of subject formation. The third chapter, focusing on Njáls saga, argues that the male body is used to undermine the prevailing model of masculinity. It is argued that the Njála author purposefully deploys somatic indices that have gendered significance to show embodied resistance to the demands of masculinity. The fourth chapter examines the representation and treatment of a character (Grettir Ásmundarson) that embodies masculinity to an exceptional degree, but who nevertheless - or perhaps for that reason - experiences a problematic relationship with masculinity. Finally, an epilogue briefly investigates some of the ways in which female characters may undermine and problematize the masculinity of men and the category of masculinity itself. Ultimately, this thesis shows that masculinity is not simply glorified in the sagas, but is represented as being both inherently fragile and a burden to all characters, masculine and non-masculine alike.

Orientador: Lúcia Granja / Banca: Hélio de Seixas Guimarães / Banca: Sílvia Maria Azevedo / Banca: Marcelo Almeida Peloggio / Banca: Ulisses Infante / Resumo: O presente estudo visa mostrar como a loucura é representada nos romances brasileiros Quincas Borba (1891), do escritor carioca Machado de Assis, O louco do Cati (1942), do escritor gaúcho Dyonélio Machado e O Grande Mentecapto (1979), do escritor mineiro Fernando Sabino. Considerando estas três narrativas, situadas em um período que se estende desde o final do século XIX até o final do século XX, objetiva-se investigar as estratégias e recursos narrativos utilizados pelos narradores/autores para apresentar os protagonistas Rubião, o louco do Cati e Geraldo Viramundo como indivíduos loucos, inadaptados à realidade social com a qual se deparam e, consequentemente, marginalizados. Compreendendo o romance machadiano Quincas Borba como uma matriz formal e temática para a representação da loucura, esta pesquisa tem, ainda, o intuito de evidenciar o diálogo que este romance estabelece com os seus sucessores O louco do Cati e O Grande Mentecapto, apontando semelhanças e diferenças encontradas entre eles. Como apoio teórico, contribuem para essa empreitada os estudos de Michael Foucault a respeito da psiquiatria e sua relação com o poder e o saber, além da fortuna crítica de cada autor e obra discutidos. Os resultados mostram que os três romances utilizam elementos típicos da tradição literária dionisíaca, tais como: o jogo de mascaramentos dos narradores, o dialogismo, a polifonia, o humor por meio da forma narrativa tragicômica, dentre outros recursos, sobretudo no caso de Machado... / Abstract: This study aims to show how craziness is represented in the Brazilian novels Quincas Borba (1891), by the Rio writer Machado de Assis, O louco do Cati (1942), by the writer Dyonélio Machado, from Rio Grande do Sul, and O Grande Mentecapto (1979), by Fernando Sabino. Considering these three narratives, located in a period that extends from the end of the nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth century, the objective is to investigate the strategies and narrative resources used by the narrators/authors to present the protagonists Rubião, Cati, and Geraldo Viramundo as crazy individuals, unsuited to the social reality that they encounter and, consequently, marginalized. Understanding the novel Quincas Borba, by Machado de Assis, as a formal and thematic matrix for the representation of craziness, this research also has the intention of highlighting the dialogue that this novel establishes with its successors O louco do Cati and O Grande Mentecapto, pointing out similarities and differences found among them. As a theoretical support, Michael Foucault's studies on psychiatry and its relation to power and knowledge, as well as the critical fortune of each author and work discussed, contribute to this thesis. The results show that the three novels use elements typical of the Dionysian literary tradition, such as: the masquerading game of narrators, dialogism, polyphony, humor through the tragicomic narrative form, among other resources, especially in the case of Machado de ... / Doutor

Orientador: Maria Cláudia Rodrigues Alves / Banca: Cláudia Maria Ceneviva Nigro / Banca: Gisele Novaes Frighetto / Resumo: O presente trabalho analisa de que maneira se manifestam pintura e literatura na obra do escritor contemporâneo, diagnosticado aos 23 anos de idade portador de esquizofrenia paranoide, Rodrigo de Souza Leão. O cotejo entre essas duas linguagens recai especificamente sobre sua primeira publicação em prosa, de 2008, Todos os cachorros são azuis e sobre as imagens das telas pintadas pelo autor, expostas no MAM - Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro, entre 2011 e 2012, na exposição Tudo vai ficar da cor que você quiser. Tencionamos, a partir da verificação da presença dos temas comuns à pintura e à literatura nas obras, refletir sobre esses diálogos e o que eles suscitam no leitor/espectador; de que forma a presença da loucura como assunto elementar é abordada do ponto de vista literário e pictural e quais são os elementos identificadores de um possível percurso interpretativo de obras de Rodrigo de Souza Leão, partindo de uma obra que se constitui quer como uma escritura, quer visualmente, e traz, ao mesmo tempo, referências artísticas e culturais de diversas ordens. Dessa maneira, perquirimos as inúmeras formas de expressão e manifestação da arte, a fim de compreender de que forma elas compõem um cenário condizente ao contemporâneo enquanto leitura de mundo / Résumé: Cette étude analyse la manière dont se manifestent la peinture et la littérature chez l'œuvre de l'écrivain contemporain, diagnostiqué depuis l'âge de 23 ans en tant que schizophrène paranoïde, Rodrigo de Souza Leão. La comparaison entre ces deux langages porte spécifiquement sur sa première publication en prose, de 2008, « Todos os cachorros são azuis », et les images sur les toiles peintes par l'auteur, exposées au Musée d'Art Moderne - MAM, à Rio de Janeiro, entre 2011 et 2012, dans une exposition nommée « Tudo será da cor que você quiser ». Nous nous proposons, à partir de la vérification de la présence de thèmes communs à la peinture et à la littérature, dans les œuvres, réfléchir sur les échos de ces dialogues et ce qu'ils suscitent chez les lecteurs/spectateurs ; de quelle manière la présence de la folie, en tant que sujet élémentaire, est-elle discutée du point de vue littéraire et pictural et quels sont les éléments d'identification d'un itinéraire de lecture de Rodrigo de Souza Leão dont l'œuvre se constitue soit comme une écriture, soit visuellement, en apportant des références artistiques et culturelles de diverses sources. Ainsi, nous avons examiné les nombreuses formes d'expression et de manifestation de l'art, afin de comprendre comment elles constituent une toile de fond compatible avec la contemporanéité vue comme une lecture du monde / Mestre

The dissertation is based on Hardy's representation of Victorian working-class women's experience, exemplified by the heroine of Tess of the D'Urbervilles (1891), in the radically gendered nineteenth-century society. Physical mobility as metaphor and metonymy in the novel stands for the transgression and subversion of patriarchal influence and is revealed as having a complex significance in relation to gender distinction. Hardy subverts Victorian norms of femininity through Tess's movements from one physical space to another in her struggle for freedom and autonomy. However, Hardy's inability to transcend completely the conventions of his society is apparent in the way Tess is literally destroyed in her quest for autonomy, respect and contentment. A study of the novel reveals Tess as a victim of the wearing and destructive impact of social and economic realities that Hardy does not adequately questioned. Finally, the novel follows the conventional realist pattern where the transgressive heroine is punished in the end. / English Studies / M.A. (English)

This dissertation investigates the extent and type of influence the Shona folktale has had on the writing of the Shona novel. Of particular interest is how much influence the folktale has had on the early writers of Shona novels as compared to the modern writers. The study investigates folktale influence on the development of plot, setting and characterisation in targeted novels. With regard to the development of plot, the study focuses on folktale influence on the following aspects; the exposition, complication, climax and resolution. Looking at setting, the study investigates folktale influence on setting as place, time or social circumstances in which the stories happen. The study also investigates the type of characters the novelists portray and seek to detect any folktale influence on characterisation. / African Languages and Literature / Thesis (M.A.)