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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Avaliação da participação dos corpos vertebrais e discos intervertebrais na composição da lordose lombar / Evaluation of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs participation in the lumbar lordosis

Luiz Henrique Fonseca Damasceno 28 March 2006 (has links)
Foi avaliada a participação dos corpos vertebrais e discos intervertebrais na lordose lombar e, a contribuição destes nas curvaturas lombares de diferentes magnitudes. Foram avaliadas as radiografias lombares em perfil de 350 adultos assintomáticos (143 homens e 207 mulheres, idade média 29 anos). Foram mensuradas a curvatura lombossacra (L1S1), a curvatura lombolombar (L1L5), a angulação de cada corpo vertebral e cada disco intervertebral por meio de uma variação do método de Cobb. A participação percentual dos corpos vertebrais e dos discos intervertebrais na curvatura lombossacra também foi determinada. Comparações entre os sexos e as faixas etárias foram realizadas. Os indivíduos foram divididos em três subgrupos populacionais, de acordo com a magnitude da lordose lombossacra, de modo a separar os indivíduos pertencentes aos extremos da curva de distribuição. Os componentes da curvatura lombar (corpos vertebrais e discos intervertebrais) foram comparados nestes três subgrupos. A medida da curvatura lombossacra no grupo inicial foi -60,9o (-33o a -89o). Os corpos vertebrais eram cifóticos em L1 (2,15o), tendiam ao neutro em L2 (-0,36o) e eram progressivamente lordóticos de L3 (-1,56o) a L5 (-9,23o). Os discos intervertebrais eram progressivamente lordóticos (variando de -4,99o em L1-L2 a -15,58o em L5-S1). Os corpos vertebrais e discos intervertebrais apresentaram participação progressivamente maior na curvatura lombossacra no sentido crânio-caudal. Os discos intervertebrais participaram com cerca de 80% da curvatura lombossacra, sendo que os elementos mais caudais (corpos vertebrais L4 e L5 e discos intervertebrais L4-L5 e L5-S1) corresponderam a mais de 65% da curvatura lombossacra. Os indivíduos mais velhos apresentaram medidas das curvaturas lombares maiores cerca de 4º em comparação aos indivíduos mais jovens, havendo diferença significante para as medidas dos corpos vertebrais L2 e L5 e o disco intervertebral L3-L4, sendo maiores as medidas nos indivíduos mais velhos. As medidas das curvaturas lombares e dos corpos vertebrais L2 e L4 apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante entre os sexos, sendo as medidas maiores nos indivíduos do sexo feminino. A curvatura lombossacra apresentou média de -46,9° no subgrupo lordose menor; -61,59° no subgrupo lordose intermediária e; -74,13° no subgrupo lordose maior. A curvatura lombolombar apresentou média de -33,28° no subgrupo lordose menor; -45,34° no subgrupo lordose intermediária e; -56,96° no subgrupo lordose maior. Os corpos vertebrais e os discos intervertebrais apresentaram medidas absolutas menores no subgrupo lordose menor do que as dos subgrupos lordose intermediária e lordose maior, mas a participação dos discos intervertebrais na curvatura lombossacra no subgrupo lordose menor (88%) foi maior que nos subgrupos lordose intermediária (81%) e no subgrupo lordose maior (75%). Complementarmente, os corpos intervertebrais apresentaram maior participação nos subgrupos lordose maior e lordose intermediária. Individualmente, os corpos vertebrais apresentaram maior participação no subgrupo lordose maior, exceto pelo corpo vertebral L5 que apresentou maior participação no subgrupo lordose menor. A maior participação percentual dos discos intervertebrais no subgrupo lordose menor era devida à inclinação cifótica dos corpos vertebrais mais cefálicos (especialmente L1 e L2) no subgrupo lordose menor do que nos demais subgrupos, que, por um efeito compensatório, causava uma maior participação discal nas curvaturas menores. Os demais subgrupos apresentavam os corpos vertebrais cefálicos com inclinação muito mais lordótica do que o observado no subgrupo lordose menor. Concluímos que os discos intervertebrais são os principais responsáveis pela curvatura lombar e que a contribuição dos corpos vertebrais e discos intervertebrais na lordose lombar difere entre indivíduos com curvaturas de diferentes magnitudes. Apesar de ocorrer um aumento gradual do acunhamento lordótico do corpo e disco a cada nível vertebral conforme aumenta a medida da lordose, as vértebras mais cefálicas provocam uma diferença na contribuição percentual entre discos intervertebrais e corpos vertebrais nas curvaturas de tamanhos diferentes. / The vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs participation in lumbar lordosis and their contribution between lumbar curves of different size were studied. 350 lumbar spine radiographs of asymptomatic adults (143 men and 207 women, average age 29 years) were evaluated. Lumbosacral (L1S1) and lumbolumbar (L1L5) curves and the angular inclination of each vertebral boby and intervertebral disc were measured using a Cobb method variant. The percentile participation of each vertebral body and intervertebral disc in the lumbossacal curve was calculated. Sex and age were compared. The subjects were separated in tree subgroups, in acording to lumbosacral curve size. The compounds of lumbar curve (discs and vertebrae) were compared in these tree subgroups. The mean lumbosacral curve was ?60,9º (-33º to ?89º). L1 vertebral body was kyphotic (2,15º), L2 was neutral (-0,36º), and the other ones were progressively lordotic from L3 (-1,56º) to L5 (-9,23º). The intervertebral discs were progressively lordotic from L1-L2 (?4,99º) to L5-S1 (?15,58º). Both vertebrae and discs showed a progressive participation in cephalic-caudal direction. The participation of discs was about 80% of lumbosacral curve, and the caudal elements (L4, L5 vertebrae and L4-L5, L5-S1 discs) contributed far 65% of the curve. The older subjects presented lumbar curves larger than younger 4º average, with significant statistical difference to L2, L5 and L3-L4 measures, with older subjects presenting bigger angular values. There were statistical differences of lumbar curves, L2 and L4 measures between sexes, with females presenting bigger values. The lumbosacral curve presented average -46,9º in minor lordosis subgroup, -64,59º in intermediate lordosis sugbroup, and ?74,13º in major lordosis subgroup. The lumbolumbar curve presented average ?33,28º in minor lordosis subgroup, -45,34º in intermediate lordosis subgroup, and ?56,96º in major lordosis subgroup. The absolut values of vertebrae and discs angles were smaller in minor lordosis subgroup than in major lordosis subgroup, but the intervertebral discs participation of was bigger in minor lordosis subgroup (88%) than intermediate lordosis (81%) and major lordosis (75%) subgroups. Complementarely, the vertebrae had a bigger participation in intermediate and major lordosis subgroups. Individually, the vertebrae presented a larger participation in major lordosis subgroup, excepting L5 that presented bigger participation in minor lordosis subgroup. The discs presented larger participation in minor lordosis subgroup. That is consequence of a more kyphotic inclination of the cephalic vertebrae in minor lordosis subgroup than the other ones, causing a compensating effect, with a larger disc participation in the small curves. The intermediate and major lordosis subgroups had the cephalic vertebrae more lordotic than that of the minor lordosis subgroup. We concluded that the intervertebral discs are the main responsible for the lumbar curve angulation and that the contribution of vertebrae and discs in lumbar curves of different sizes is not equal. In spite of a gradual increase of lordotic wedging while lumbar curve increase, the cephalic vertebrae make the disc and vertebrae participation different between different magnitude lumbar curves.
12

Literaturstudium zur sagittalen Balance der Wirbelsäule und Validierung der Reliabilität eines neuen vereinfachten Messverfahrens

Stavenhagen, Anna 24 June 2014 (has links)
Das Konzept der spinopelvinen sagittalen Balance beruht auf der Wechselwirkung und dem Abhängigkeitsprinzip zwischen Einstellung der Wirbelsäulenkrümmungen zueinander sowie Einstellung der Wirbelsäule zum Becken in der Sagittalebene (Koller et al. 2009). Die sagittale Balance der Wirbelsäule wird beschrieben durch Winkel und Abstände. Sie definieren einerseits die optimale Ausrichtung der Wirbelsäule im Verhältnis zum Becken in der Sagittalebene. Andererseits werden sie zur Beschreibung von Pathologien genutzt. In den beiden letzten Jahrzehnten sind unterschiedliche, teils konkurrierende Konzepte zur sagittalen Balance entstanden (Duval-Beaupère et al. 1992, During et al. 1985, Jackson & McManus 1994, Jackson et al. 1998). Das französische Modell der Autorengruppe um Duval-Beaupère und Legaye (Duval-Beaupère et al. 1992, Legaye & Duval-Beaupère 1998) gilt in der heutigen wissenschaftlichen Diskussion als maßgeblich (Harding 2009). Die Parameter dieses Modells sind der individuell konstante, anatomische Parameter Pelvic Incidence und die positionalen Parameter Pelvic Tilt und Sacral Slope. Dem Konzept von Duval-Beaupère et al. liegen biomechanische Untersuchungen zur Verteilung der Schwerkraft mit dem Barycentremeter zugrunde (Duval-Beaupère et al. 1992). Der wesentliche Parameter im Konzept nach During et al. (1985) ist der pelvisakrale Winkel. Jackson und Co-Autoren definieren die spinopelvine Balance in der Sagittalen mittels des Beckenradius-Methode mit dem namensgebenden Parameter PR, einer Längenangabe, und dem Winkel PR-S1 (Jackson et al. 1998, Jackson & Hales 2000). Letztgenannte Parameter wurden durch Korrelations- und Reliabilitätsanalysen erhoben. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt im Rahmen eines Literaturstudiums die konkurrierenden Konzepte und ihre Weiterentwicklungen vor. Das Verhalten der unterschiedlichen Parameter während Wachstum und Alter wird beschrieben. Ihr Verhalten bei und ihr potentieller Einfluss auf die Entwicklung von Pathologien der Wirbelsäule wird anhand des Beispiels der Spondylolisthese beleuchtet. Den vorangestellten Konzepten und insbesondere ihrer Anwendung zur Berechnung der optimalen sagittalen Balance, zur Berechnung der optimalen Lordose und zur Distinktion des physiologischen vom pathologischen Zustand ist eine zunehmende Komplexität gemeinsam. Es werden komplizierte mathematische Gleichungen (Legaye & Duval-Beaupère 2005; Boulay et al. 2006) und aufwendige wie teure Computersoftware bei der Anwendung der Konzepte benötigt (Berthonnaud et al. 2005b). Baig et al. schlugen 2010 ein alternatives Verfahren zur Beschreibung eines Teilaspekts der spinopelvinen Balance in der Sagittalen vor. Anhand des Parameters hüftsakraler Abstand soll die Vorhersage der lumbalen Lordose erfolgen. Die eigenen Untersuchungen prüfen das Konzept nach Baig et al. mittels einer Reliabilitätsuntersuchung. Ermittelt wird die Intrarater- und die Interrater-Reliabilität für lumbale Lordose und hüftsakralen Abstand. Die lumbale Lordose wird dabei mittels des gebräuchlichen Verfahrens nach Cobb (Cobb 1948) vom ersten Sakral- bis zum ersten Lendenwirbelkörper gemessen. Der hüftsakrale Abstand bezeichnet den Abstand zwischen Mittelpunkt beider Femurköpfe und Promontorium auf einer Röntgenaufnahme der Lendenwirbelsäule im lateralen Strahlengang (Baig et al. 2010). Bei der Konstruktion des hüftsakralen Abstandes und seiner Festlegung als morphologischer Parameter, wird die bicoxofemorale Achse (Achse durch das Zentrum beider Femurköpfe) (Jackson & McManus 1994; John & Fisher 1994) als Fixpunkt gewählt. Die bicoxofemorale Achse stellt das Zentrum der Beckenrotation dar (John& Fisher 1994). Vermessen wurden die Röntgenaufnahmen von 30 rückengesunden Freiwilligen zu je zwei unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten von jeweils drei unabhängigen Untersuchern. Die eigenen Untersuchungen verfolgen zur Hypothesenprüfung eine Reliabilitätsanalyse (Intrarater und Interrater-Reliabilität). Man folgt bei der Festlegung des Parameters „hüftsakraler Abstand“ als konstantem, durch die Beckenanatomie vorgegebenen Parameter damit der Methodik Jacksons, nach der die Festlegung der anatomischen Parameter durch hohe Übereinstimmung in longitudinalen Untersuchungen erfolgte (Jackson & Hales 2000). Das Ergebnis der Reliabilitätsanalyse zeigt hohe Werte für die Intrarater und Interrater-Reliabilität. Das Ergebnis der anschließend durchgeführten Regressionsanalyse für hüftsakralen Abstand (unabhängige Variable) und den Winkel der lumbalen Lordose (abhängige Variable) zeigt einen negativen Zusammenhang. Zusammenfassend weisen die Ergebnisse der statistischen Auswertung darauf hin, dass das vorgestellte Verfahren nach Baig et al. (2010) eine zuverlässige Methode zur Bestimmung der lumbalen Lordose ist und unabhängig von der Erfahrung des Untersuchers replizierbare Ergebnisse liefert.:Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Einführung 1.1 Vorstellung des Themengebiets 1.2 Ziel der Arbeit 2 Die Balance der Wirbelsäule in der sagittalen Ebene 2.1 Anatomie von Wirbelsäule und Becken 2.1.1 Anatomie der Wirbelsäule 2.1.1.1 Spezielle anatomische Gegebenheiten der Lendenwirbelsäule 2.1.2 Anatomie des Beckens und des lumbosakralen Überganges 2.2 Ebenen, Lordose, Kyphose, thorakolumbaler Übergang 2.2.1 Die Körperebenen 2.2.2 Die Messung der Wirbelsäulenkrümmungen in der sagittalen Ebene: Lordose und Kyphose 2.2.2.1 Lendenlordose und Brustkyphose 2.2.2.1.1 Die korrekte Standposition zur Erfassung der Krümmungen der Wirbelsäule in der sagittalen Ebene 2.2.2.2 Das Winkelprofil der Wirbelsäule in der sagittalen Ebene 2.2.2.3 Segmentale Winkelmessung 2.2.2.3.1 Thorakolumbaler Übergang 2.2.2.4 Winkelmessung nach Cobb 2.2.2.5 Geometrische Konstruktion der spinalen Krümmungen 2.2.2.6 Problematik der Messung spinaler Krümmungen 2.3 Konzepte zur sagittalen Balance 2.3.1 Die Wirbelsäulenkrümmungen und ihr Verhältnis zur Achse der Schwerkraft: C7-Lot und sagittale vertikale Achse 2.3.1.1 Das C7-Lot 2.3.1.2 Die sagittale vertikale Achse, SVA 2.3.2 Der pelvisakrale Winkel im Konzept nach During 2.3.2.1 Die Parameter Durings 2.3.2.2 Zusammenhänge zwischen den Parametern 2.3.2.3 Die Sakrale Inklination 2.3.3 Das Konzept der Gruppe um Duval-Beaupère: Pelvic Incidence 2.3.3.1 Vorbedingungen 2.3.3.1.1 Die bicoxofemorale Achse („Hip Axis“ oder „Hip Sacral Axis“) 2.3.3.2 Pelvic Incidence 2.3.3.3 Positionale Parameter: Sacral Slope, Pelvic Tilt, S1-Overhang 2.3.3.4 Das Verhältnis von PI und den positionalen Parametern sowie der lumbalen Lordose 2.3.3.5 Das Verhältnis der spinopelvinen Parameter zu den unteren Extremitäten 2.3.3.6 Verhalten der spinopelvinen Parameter bei Pathologien 2.3.3.7 Die Neigungswinkel 2.3.3.7.1 L1-Tilt und T9-Tilt 2.3.3.7.2 Das Verhältnis der spinopelvinen Parameter und des Neigungswinkels von T9 (T9-Tilt) 2.3.3.7.3 Weitere Neigungswinkel 2.3.3.7.3.1 Lumbar Tilt, Thoracic Tilt und Cervical Tilt 51 2.3.3.7.3.2 Anwendung des lumbalen Neigungswinkels (Lumbar Tilt) zur Einteilung von 4 lordotischen Krümmungstypen 2.3.4 Das Konzept nach Jackson: Pelvic Radius Technique 2.3.4.1 Pelvine Parameter: Beckenradius PR, PR-S1-Winkel und hip-axis 2.3.4.2 Spinale Parameter: T12-S1-Lordose, T1-T12- und T4-T12-Kyphose, segmentale Lordosemessung 2.3.4.3 Spinopelvine Parameter nach Jackson 2.3.4.4 Horizontaler Abstand zu den Lotlinien durch HA, C7 und T4 – Spinal Balance Techniques 2.3.4.5 Die Quotienten 2.3.4.6 Sagittale Balance und Imbalance als Kompensation und Dekompensation im Modell nach Jackson („Sacropelvic Translation“) 2.3.4.7 Zusammenfassung der Normalparameter spinaler Balance im Modell nach Jackson et al. – Terminologie des Alignment 2.3.4.7.1 Positive und negative Bezeichnung von Winkeln und Abständen 2.3.4.7.2 Korrelationsanalyse und Reliabilität der Beckenradius-Methode 2.3.4.7.3 Normalparameter – die „4 C.s“ 2.3.5 Computergestützte Messung spinopelviner Parameter 2.4 Sagittale Balance in der Entwicklung des Menschen: Wachstum und Alter 2.4.1 Entwicklung der Wirbelsäule 2.4.2 Sagittale Balance des Heranwachsenden 2.4.3 Sagittale Balance im Alter – die Wirbelsäule des alternden Menschen 3 Das Krankheitsbild der Spondylolisthese als Beispiel für die Anwendbarkeit der Konzepte zur sagittalen Balance – Relevanz der sagittalen Imbalance 3.1 Spondylolisthese 3.1.1 Definition 3.1.2 Ätiologie und Einteilung 3.1.2.1 Klassifikation nach Ätiologie 3.1.2.1.1 Einteilung nach Wiltse et al. und Ätiologie unter biomechanischen Gesichtspunkten 3.1.2.1.2 Einteilung nach Marchetti und Bartolozzi 3.1.2.2 Einteilung nach Schweregrad 3.1.2.3 Radiologische Erfassung mittels Gleitwinkel und Kreuzbeinbasiswinkel 3.1.3 Spondylolisthese und Konzepte sagittaler Balance 3.1.3.1 Spondylolisthese im Konzept nach Duval-Beaupère, Legaye et al. 3.1.3.2 Weiterentwicklungen auf Grundlage des Konzepts nach Duval-Beaupère, Legaye et al. 3.1.3.2.1 L5 Incidence Angle 3.1.3.2.2 Chirurgische Klassifikation der Spondylolisthese auf Grundlage des Konzepts nach Duval-Beaupère, Legaye et al. 3.1.3.2.3 Sagittale Balance vor und nach operativer Versorgung der Spondylolisthese 3.1.3.3 Spondylolisthese im Konzept nach Jackson et al. (Beckenradiusmethode) 4 Eigene Untersuchungen zur Reliabilität des alternativen Messverfahrens nach Baig et al. 4.1 Vorstellung der Methode nach Baig et al. 4.2 Material und Methode 4.2.1 Messmethode 4.2.1.1 Messung des hüftsakralen Abstandes („Hip-sacral axis“) 4.2.1.2 Messung der lumbalen Lordose nach der Cobb Methode 4.2.2 Materialien 4.2.2.1 Auswahl der Röntgenbilder und Kriterien zur Teilnahme an der Untersuchung 4.2.2.2 Untersucher 4.2.3 Durchführung der Messung 4.2.3.1 Anpassung der Rohwerte von HS 4.2.4 Verwendete Analysemethoden 4.2.4.1 Reliabilität 4.2.4.2 Korrelation 4.2.4.3 Regression 4.3 Ergebnisdarstellung 4.3.1 Deskriptive Statistik 4.3.2 Reliabilität der Methode 4.3.3 Korrelationsanalyse 4.3.4 Regressionsanalyse 4.4 Zusammenfassung der statistischen Auswertung, Beantwortung der Fragestellung 5 Diskussion Zusammenfassung der Arbeit Bildmaterial Literaturverzeichnis Anhang Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit Lebenslauf Danksagung
13

Avalia??o da lordose cervical e da postura da cabe?a em pacientes classe III esquel?tica submetidos ? cirurgia ortogn?tica

Andriola, Fernando de Oliveira 24 January 2018 (has links)
Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-19T17:16:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDO_DE_OLIVEIRA_ANDRIOLA_DIS.pdf: 1889802 bytes, checksum: 4fbb8e2e462022c1c29eeda8628a848b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-03T16:47:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDO_DE_OLIVEIRA_ANDRIOLA_DIS.pdf: 1889802 bytes, checksum: 4fbb8e2e462022c1c29eeda8628a848b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-03T16:52:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDO_DE_OLIVEIRA_ANDRIOLA_DIS.pdf: 1889802 bytes, checksum: 4fbb8e2e462022c1c29eeda8628a848b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The purpose of this study was to evaluate cervical lordosis and head posture changes using lateral cephalographs after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery for mandibular prognatism by null hypothesis. Twenty-five patients with skeletal class III dentofacial deformities (10 men, 15 women; mean age, 29.28 ? 8.22 years; range 18-48 years) were included in this prospective clinical study. Lateral cephalographs were taken in natural head position (NHP) 2 weeks before and 6 months after orthognathic surgery. The reproducibility of the radiographer?s technique of taking radiographs in NHP was investigated using a photographic method and found to be acceptable. All measurements for cervical lordosis (CV1/CV2; CV3/CV7; CV1/CV7), head posture (NSL/OPT; NSL/VER) and other cephalometric values (NSL/Go-Gn; NSL/Ocl; Overjet) were repeated three times by the same investigator at 2- week intervals and the average values of the three measurements were calculated to use in statistical analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) ranged between 0.996 to 1.000, demonstrating a high reliability of the measures. Statistically significant differences were found for CV3/CV7 (P=0.006) and CV1/CV7 (P=0.005) and no significant differences were identified in head posture for both cranio-cervical and cranio-vertical angles. The null hypothesis was rejected. Orthognathic surgery resulted in significant cervical lordosis extension, and a tendency for head extension could also be observed. / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por hip?tese nula, a lordose cervical e as altera??es da postura da cabe?a usando telerradiografias de perfil ap?s cirurgia ortogn?tica bimaxilar para corre??o de prognatismo mandibular. Vinte e cinco pacientes com deformidades dentofaciais esquel?ticas classe III (10 homens, 15 mulheres, idade m?dia entre 29,28 ? 8,22 anos, intervalo de 18-48 anos) foram inclu?dos neste estudo cl?nico prospectivo. As radiografias laterais dos pacientes foram obtidas na posi??o natural de cabe?a (PNC) 2 semanas antes e 6 meses ap?s a cirurgia ortogn?tica. A reprodutibilidade da t?cnica do radiologista para realizar as tomadas radiogr?ficas na PNC foi investigada usando um m?todo fotogr?fico e considerada aceit?vel. As medidas para lordose cervical (CV1/CV2; CV3/CV7; CV1/CV7), postura da cabe?a (NSL/OPT; NSL/VER) e outros valores cefalom?tricos (NSL/Go-Gn; NSL/Ocl; Overjet) foram repetidas tr?s vezes pelo mesmo investigador em intervalos de 2 semanas e os valores m?dios das tr?s medidas foram calculados para serem usados na an?lise estat?stica. Os coeficientes de correla??o intraclasse (ICC) variaram entre 0,996 e 1,000, demonstrando uma alta confiabilidade das medidas. Foram encontradas diferen?as estatisticamente significativas para CV3/CV7 (P=0,006) e CV1/CV7 (P=0,005). N?o foram identificadas diferen?as significativas na postura da cabe?a para os ?ngulos cr?nio-cervical e cr?niovertical. A hip?tese nula foi rejeitada. A cirurgia ortogn?tica resultou em aumento significativo da lordose cervical (extens?o) e tamb?m em uma tend?ncia ? extens?o da postura da cabe?a.
14

Correlação entre o ângulo de curvatura da lordose lombar e o grau de Lipodistrofia Ginóide (celulite) em mulheres assintomáticas / Correlation between the angle of lumbar lordosis and Gynoid Lypodystrophy (cellulite) grading in asymptomatic women

Milani, Giovana Barbosa 25 April 2008 (has links)
Introdução: A Lipodistrofia Ginóide (celulite), é uma afecção dermatológica comum. Afeta principalmente mulheres em idade adulta concentrando-se preferencialmente em coxas e glúteos. Sua presença e grau de comprometimento estão relacionados a diversos fatores como biótipo, idade, sexo, perturbações circulatórias. Alguns autores sugerem uma possível relação com alterações biomecânicas como a hiperlordose. Objetivo: Correlacionar o grau de comprometimento da celulite e o grau de curvatura da lordose lombar em mulheres assintomáticas. Métodos: As voluntárias foram avaliadas por fotografia, palpação e termografia. O grau da celulite foi classificado em 1, 2, 3 e 4. As avaliações foram realizadas nas regiões glúteas superiores e inferiores, direitas e esquerdas (GSD, GID, GSE, GIE), coxa superior direita e esquerda (CSD, CSE). As voluntárias realizaram um exame de RX em vista lateral e o ângulo da curvatura da coluna lombar foi medido pelo método Cobb (platô inferior de T12 e superior de S1). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes ANOVA e Correlação de Spearman com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Na amostra analisada de 50 indivíduos, idade média=26,14±4,45anos, IMC=20,79±1,92Kg/m2, os resultados para o teste ANOVA indicaram não haver diferença entre os grupos de celulite grau 2 e 3 quando analisados com relação à média de Cobb, com valores de p >= 0,297. Para a Correlação de Spearman, os valores de p >= 0,085 indicaram não haver correlação estatisticamente significativa. Conclusão: As análises demonstraram que não houve correlação entre o grau de comprometimento da celulite e o grau de curvatura da coluna lombar quando medido pelo método de Cobb. / Introduction: Gynoid Lypodystrophy (cellulite) is a common dermatological alteration, it mainly occurs in adult women and tends to gather around the thighs and buttocks. Its presence and severity have been related to many factors as biotype, age, sex, circulatory alteration and some authors have suggested also a relation with some mechanical alterations like the hyperlordosis. Objective: To correlate the cellulite grading with the angle of lumbar lordosis in asymptomatic women. Methods: The volunteers were evaluated by using photograph, palpation and thermograph. Therefore the cellulite grading was classified in 1,2,3 and 4. The analyses were performed in superior, inferior, right and left buttocks (SRB, IRB, SLB, ILB) and superior thighs right and left (SRT, ILT). The volunteers performed the x-ray in lateral view and the angle of lumbar lordosis was measured by using Cobb\'s method (inferior endplate of T12 and superior endplate of S1). The dada was statistically analyzed by ANOVA test and by Spearman\'s correlation. The significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: In the group of 50 volunteers, age mean=26,14±4,45 years, BMI=20,79±1,92Kg/m2, results obtained from ANOVA demonstrated that there was no difference between groups of cellulite 2 and 3 when analyzed according to Cobb\'s mean with values of p >= 0,297. For Spearman\'s correlation, the values of p >= 0,085 demonstrated no significant statistical correlation. Conclusions: The analysis demonstrated no correlation between cellulite grading and the angle of lumbar lordosis when measured by using Cobb\'s method.
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Correlação entre o ângulo de curvatura da lordose lombar e o grau de Lipodistrofia Ginóide (celulite) em mulheres assintomáticas / Correlation between the angle of lumbar lordosis and Gynoid Lypodystrophy (cellulite) grading in asymptomatic women

Giovana Barbosa Milani 25 April 2008 (has links)
Introdução: A Lipodistrofia Ginóide (celulite), é uma afecção dermatológica comum. Afeta principalmente mulheres em idade adulta concentrando-se preferencialmente em coxas e glúteos. Sua presença e grau de comprometimento estão relacionados a diversos fatores como biótipo, idade, sexo, perturbações circulatórias. Alguns autores sugerem uma possível relação com alterações biomecânicas como a hiperlordose. Objetivo: Correlacionar o grau de comprometimento da celulite e o grau de curvatura da lordose lombar em mulheres assintomáticas. Métodos: As voluntárias foram avaliadas por fotografia, palpação e termografia. O grau da celulite foi classificado em 1, 2, 3 e 4. As avaliações foram realizadas nas regiões glúteas superiores e inferiores, direitas e esquerdas (GSD, GID, GSE, GIE), coxa superior direita e esquerda (CSD, CSE). As voluntárias realizaram um exame de RX em vista lateral e o ângulo da curvatura da coluna lombar foi medido pelo método Cobb (platô inferior de T12 e superior de S1). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes ANOVA e Correlação de Spearman com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Na amostra analisada de 50 indivíduos, idade média=26,14±4,45anos, IMC=20,79±1,92Kg/m2, os resultados para o teste ANOVA indicaram não haver diferença entre os grupos de celulite grau 2 e 3 quando analisados com relação à média de Cobb, com valores de p >= 0,297. Para a Correlação de Spearman, os valores de p >= 0,085 indicaram não haver correlação estatisticamente significativa. Conclusão: As análises demonstraram que não houve correlação entre o grau de comprometimento da celulite e o grau de curvatura da coluna lombar quando medido pelo método de Cobb. / Introduction: Gynoid Lypodystrophy (cellulite) is a common dermatological alteration, it mainly occurs in adult women and tends to gather around the thighs and buttocks. Its presence and severity have been related to many factors as biotype, age, sex, circulatory alteration and some authors have suggested also a relation with some mechanical alterations like the hyperlordosis. Objective: To correlate the cellulite grading with the angle of lumbar lordosis in asymptomatic women. Methods: The volunteers were evaluated by using photograph, palpation and thermograph. Therefore the cellulite grading was classified in 1,2,3 and 4. The analyses were performed in superior, inferior, right and left buttocks (SRB, IRB, SLB, ILB) and superior thighs right and left (SRT, ILT). The volunteers performed the x-ray in lateral view and the angle of lumbar lordosis was measured by using Cobb\'s method (inferior endplate of T12 and superior endplate of S1). The dada was statistically analyzed by ANOVA test and by Spearman\'s correlation. The significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: In the group of 50 volunteers, age mean=26,14±4,45 years, BMI=20,79±1,92Kg/m2, results obtained from ANOVA demonstrated that there was no difference between groups of cellulite 2 and 3 when analyzed according to Cobb\'s mean with values of p >= 0,297. For Spearman\'s correlation, the values of p >= 0,085 demonstrated no significant statistical correlation. Conclusions: The analysis demonstrated no correlation between cellulite grading and the angle of lumbar lordosis when measured by using Cobb\'s method.
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Evaluation biomécanique des orthèses lombaires : application à l'orthèse Lordactiv® / Biomechanical assessment of lumbar orthoses : application to the Lordactiv® orthosis

Munoz, Fabien 11 April 2013 (has links)
Bien que les orthèses lombaires (OL) soient couramment employées depuis de nombreuses années dans le traitement conservateur des lombalgies, leurs effets mécaniques et posturaux restent, à notre connaissance, partiellement inexplorés. Des obstacles d'ordre méthodologique en sont la principale cause avec en premier lieu la difficulté d'évaluer les effets des OL à l'intérieur du tronc sans être invasif et sans nécessiter un équipement coûteux difficilement utilisable lors de la pratique médicale courante. La levée de ces verrous scientifiques a guidé l'ensemble de ce travail doctoral à travers le développement d'une méthodologie spécifique. L'effet mécanique a été étudié à partir d'une nouvelle méthode non-invasive de mesure de la pression intradiscale réalisée à partir d'une modélisation par éléments finis contrôlée par radiographie. Les premiers résultats ont démontré la possibilité de diminuer de 15 à 22% en moyenne la pression intradiscale lors du port d'une OL modifiant la statique rachidienne. Les différents travaux sur l'équilibre postural ont permis de définir une méthodologie d'analyse de la posture en station debout puis assise adaptée à l'évaluation des OL. Les premiers résultats chez des patients lombalgiques subaiguës ont mis en évidence un contrôle postural plus efficient (réduction de la raideur active du tronc) lors du port de l'OL la plus rigide. A terme, cette méthodologie facile à mettre en œuvre permettra d'adapter les caractéristiques du produit (raideur passive / forme) aux caractéristiques des patients (raideur active / courbure lombaire) dans le but d’optimiser l'efficacité clinique / Although lumbar orthoses (LO) are commonly used for many years in the conservative treatment of low back pain, postural and mechanical effects are, to our knowledge, partly unexplored. Methodological difficulties are the main cause with, in the first place, the difficulty to assess the LO effects inside the trunk with a non-invasive and not expensive method adapted for current medical practice. This Ph.D work attempts to address these difficulties through the development of a specific methodology. The mechanical effect was studied by a non-invasive estimation of the intradiscal pressure through a finite element modeling controlled by radiographs. The first results showed the possibility of a mean reduction from 15 to 22% of the intradiscal pressure while wearing an LO which is able to change the spinal posture. The different works on postural balance allowed us to define a methodology for a suitable LO assessment in standing and then sitting postures. The first results in patients with subacute low back pain showed a more efficient postural control (reduction of active stiffness of the trunk) while wearing the most stiffer LO. In the future, this easy-to-implement assessment could be helpful to more accurately target the appropriate LO for a given patient in order to improve his / her clinical status
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Evaluation biomécanique des orthèses lombaires : application à l'orthèse Lordactiv®

Munoz, Fabien 11 April 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Bien que les orthèses lombaires (OL) soient couramment employées depuis de nombreuses années dans le traitement conservateur des lombalgies, leurs effets mécaniques et posturaux restent, à notre connaissance, partiellement inexplorés. Des obstacles d'ordre méthodologique en sont la principale cause avec en premier lieu la difficulté d'évaluer les effets des OL à l'intérieur du tronc sans être invasif et sans nécessiter un équipement coûteux difficilement utilisable lors de la pratique médicale courante. La levée de ces verrous scientifiques a guidé l'ensemble de ce travail doctoral à travers le développement d'une méthodologie spécifique. L'effet mécanique a été étudié à partir d'une nouvelle méthode non-invasive de mesure de la pression intradiscale réalisée à partir d'une modélisation par éléments finis contrôlée par radiographie. Les premiers résultats ont démontré la possibilité de diminuer de 15 à 22% en moyenne la pression intradiscale lors du port d'une OL modifiant la statique rachidienne. Les différents travaux sur l'équilibre postural ont permis de définir une méthodologie d'analyse de la posture en station debout puis assise adaptée à l'évaluation des OL. Les premiers résultats chez des patients lombalgiques subaiguës ont mis en évidence un contrôle postural plus efficient (réduction de la raideur active du tronc) lors du port de l'OL la plus rigide. A terme, cette méthodologie facile à mettre en œuvre permettra d'adapter les caractéristiques du produit (raideur passive / forme) aux caractéristiques des patients (raideur active / courbure lombaire) dans le but d'optimiser l'efficacité clinique

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