This thesis traces the history and development of the facilities for electronic music in the UK. It covers the early attempts to experiment with electronic music and create studios in less than ideal circumstances and the subsequent bids to create a national centre. It also covers some elements of worldwide development of electronic music and sound recording, in particular those which occurred before 1965. The thesis calls upon non-traditional sources and the author was able to access many documents in the personal archives of electronic music pioneers. There is substantial reference to committees and societies for electronic music and their effects on the development of facilities for electronic music in the UK. Some of the early pioneers are studied in detail; these include Daphne Oram, Tristram Cary and Hugh Davies. Unprecedented access to information on Hugh Davies and Daphne Oram was provided by the family estates of these recently deceased composers. This allowed the author to gain valuable insight into the working patterns and methodology of these composers. Many references to later pioneers such as Trevor Wishart are also made but the focus remains on the facilities available to composers rather than the composers and their works.

A review of the literature revealed that firms are inherently influenced by leadership in the upper echelons of the organization. The seminal paper of Hambrick and Mason (1984) has sparked much interest in the realm of organizational leadership. Studies involving organizational leadership have concentrated on leadership styles, the manner in which leadership takes place, leadership succession and organizational performance in an attempt to understand the dynamics of the senior leadership of organizations. Research has also explored how changes in the top management of firms has impacted its performance. This research has primarily been concerned with how a firm is impacted, once succession takes place, and has focused on financial performance, change in strategy and stockholder reaction (Shen & Cannella, 2002; Barron, Chulkov & Waddell, 2011; Friedman & Singh, 1989). Although their predisposition will largely influence the manner in which the incoming CEO acts, the literature has largely neglected the role the incoming CEO must fulfil, and how he/she steers the company, once appointed. In response, the following aim was developed to address this gap: To describe how the roles of two CEO's of the same company differed, during different time periods. The CEO assumes various strategic leadership roles, which they carry out in the context of their new environment once succession has taken place. From the literature, six strategic leadership roles were identified, which formed the foundation of this study. These were strategy formulation, strategy implementation, developing organizational culture, emphasizing ethical practices, managing the firm's resource portfolio and establishing balanced controls. The study set out to comparatively analyze two CEO's of the same firm during different periods. Both CEO's were investigated from the perspective of strategic leadership roles, allowing a comparison of their behaviour. The study analyses and describes these roles, and how they differed between the CEO's, in reaction to differing situational factors and in the context of succession. The study employed a deductive qualitative case study research design. This allowed the researcher to examine the complex phenomenon which have previously been studied at a more superficial level using quantitative methods (Baxter & Jack, 2008; Parrino, 1997; Jooste & Fourie, 2009). A qualitative methodological approach allowed the researcher to examine the topic through a lens which takes into account human variables and processes (Baxter & Jack, 2008). Data was sampled using purposive and convenience sampling while applying the critical incident technique. Data was collected through information sources such as news articles, press releases, annual reports, online interviews, news websites and other documents. Thematical analysis was used during the analysis phase of the study and allowed for patterns and links to be drawn between the collected data. The succession from one CEO to the next served as the comparative element of the study, which allowed for a contrasting of how both CEO's carried out their strategic leadership roles by adapting to their environment, and how they guided the strategic trajectory of the company. The study also took into account what both CEO's were confronted with at the start of their tenure and how this influenced how they carried out their leadership roles. It was found that Cynthia Carroll exercised her roles in a manner which addressed ethical and stakeholder engagement issues within the business. This was translated directly into how she guided the trajectory of the company. Upon appointment, Mark Cutifani exercised his roles in a manner which addressed the organizational performance and financial well-being of the company. This translated directly into how he shaped Anglo's trajectory in an attempt to better its financial performance. Given how they exercised their strategic roles in the company, each CEO influenced Anglo American's direction in a different way, which in turn, influenced the performance of the organization. It was shown that Cynthia Carroll improved the stakeholder engagement, communication and safety within the company, demonstrating behaviour that emphasized the importance of the ethics of the company. When the business had been carrying out its ethical practices effectively, but underperforming financially, Cutifani demonstrated the roles which would be geared toward resurrecting the organizational performance of the organization. Recommendations are made for further research including applying the same research method to investigate how these roles are carried out in companies which operate in a broad spectrum of industries.

The goal of this diploma thesis is to on a practical example, with use of the quality system, describe the current state of input casting inspection in Tribotec Ltd. and output casting inspection of casting suppliers in this company and to suggest a new way of output casting inspection on Tribotec Ltd. with higher quality of spoilage rate survey of supplying casting already at the input inspection stage.

M.B.A. / Many organisations have approached employee remuneration in new ways in recent years. Most of these new approaches are based on the principles of aligning a portion of individual or team remuneration to achievement against specific goals. Such systems are most commonly referred to as performance based remuneration systems. Alpha (Pty) Ltd has very recently introduced a performance based remuneration system aimed at individuals within the organisation. It is evident that there is no single system that can be applied across the infinite number of organisations globally, and that developing any ideal performance related system requires careful consideration of many variables. To develop and implement an effective system within any organisation, requires custom tailoring the system to best suit that organisation. This research paper aims to analyse what impact the introduction of an individual performance based remuneration system has had within the cement business unit of Alpha (Pty) Ltd, how the findings of the research compare to the theoretical reference on the subject, and whether there is room for improvement to the existing system.

Le régulateur endogène de la calcineurine 1 (RCAN1) est exprimé dans les neurones, cependant son rôle dans la régulation de la transmission et de la plasticité synaptique est mal connu. De manière intéressante, plusieurs études dans les cellules cardiaques et les levures montrent une double régulation de la calcineurine 1 (CaN1) par RCAN1. Il est décrit qu'en fonction de son état de phosphorylation par la kinase glycogène synthase 3β (GSK3β), RCAN1 réprime la CaN1 à l'état déphosphorylé, mais il faciliterait son activité à l'état phosphorylé. La régulation de la CaN1 par RCAN1 phosphorylé n'a encore jamais été étudiée dans les neurones et pourrait mettre en relation deux acteurs majeurs de la dépression à long terme (LTD), à savoir la CaN1 et la GSK3β. Par ailleurs une étude récente a montré que RCAN1 peut également être phosphorylé par la protéine kinase A (PKA), une kinase essentielle dans la mise en place de la potentialisation à long terme (LTP), entrainant ainsi une augmentation de l’inhibition de la CaN1 par RCAN1. Dans les neurones, RCAN1 pourrait donc potentiellement réguler à la fois la LTP et la LTD dépendamment de son état de phosphorylation. Mes travaux visent à élucider si RCAN1 est capable de réguler la transmission et de la plasticité synaptique en fonction de son état de phosphorylation et si son action dépend de la CaN1. Afin de déterminer le rôle de RCAN1 dans ces processus, une combinaison de techniques de biologie moléculaire, d’électrophysiologie et d'imagerie a été employée. Nous avons généré des mutations ponctuelles de RCAN1 sauvage de manière à rendre RCAN1 non phosphorylable par la GSK3β ou la PKA. L’expression virale de RCAN1 et de ses différents mutants dans des cultures primaires de neurones d’hippocampe a révélé que RCAN1, dans ses versions sauvage et mutées, est localisé au niveau des épines dendritiques, suggérant une possible fonction de RCAN1 à la synapse. De manière à déterminer les effets de RCAN1 sur la transmission et la plasticité synaptique, j’ai exprimé de manière virale RCAN1 et ses différents mutants dans des tranches organotypiques d'hippocampes de rat et analysé leurs effets par enregistrement en ‘‘patch-clamp’’ en configuration de cellule entière. J’ai pu observer que le blocage du site de phosphorylation de RCAN1 par la GSK3β entraînait une augmentation de la transmission synaptique ainsi qu’un blocage de la LTD. De plus j’ai démontré que la LTP été bloquée lorsque la PKA ne pouvait pas phosphoryler RCAN1. Enfin nous avons pu déterminer que ces différents effets de RCAN1 sur la transmission et la plasticité synaptique étaient dépendants de la CaN1. Nous avons donc démontré une cascade d’évènements et mis en évidence le rôle clé de RCAN1 dans la régulation de la LTP et de la LTD. Nous proposons donc que RCAN1 permet de moduler la transmission et la plasticité synaptique en fonction de son état de phosphorylation par la GSK3β et la PKA en agissant sur la CaN1, en étant un effecteur de la GSK3β lors de l’induction de la LTD ainsi qu’un effecteur de la PKA lors de l’induction de la LTP. / The endogenous regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is expressed in neurons, nevertheless its role in the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity is not well understood. Interestingly, several studies in cardiac cells and yeasts show that RCAN1 is able to inhibit or activate CaN1 depending on its phosphorylation state by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). RCAN1 is able to inhibit CaN1 when it is not phosphorylated by GSK3β and able to activate it in its phosphorylated state. The regulation of CaN1 by phosphorylated RCAN1 has never been studied in neurons although it could provide a critical link between two major actors of long-term depression (LTD), CaN1 and GSK3β. Furthermore, a recent study revealed that RCAN1 can also be phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA), a kinase involved in regulating long-term potentiation (LTP), leading to an increase of CaN1 inhibition by RCAN1. Thus, in neurons, the differential phosphorylation of RCAN1 could potentially regulate both LTP and LTD. My work therefore investigates how, depending on its phosphorylation state, RCAN1 affects synaptic transmission and plasticity and if this occurs via a direct action on CaN1. In order to determine the role of RCAN1 phosphorylation in synaptic plasticity, a combination of molecular biology, imaging and electrophysiology was used. We generated point mutations of wild type RCAN1 in order to obtain two non-phosphorylable forms of RCAN1: one that couldn’t be phosphorylated by GSK3β, and another one that PKA could not phosphorylate. Viral expression of RCAN1 and its phosphorylation deficient mutants in dissociated hippocampal cultures revealed that they are localized within dendritic spines, hinting at a synaptic function of RCAN1. To determine the effects of RCAN1 on synaptic transmission and plasticity, I virally expressed RCAN1 and the phosphorylation deficient mutants of RCAN1 in rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures and analyzed their effects on synaptic plasticity by whole cell ‘‘patch-clamp’’ recordings. I observed that the blockade of the GSK3β phosphorylation site in RCAN1 increased synaptic transmission and blocked LTD induction. Furthermore, I demonstrate that LTP was blocked when PKA was unable to phosphorylate RCAN1. Finally, I determined that these distinct effects of RCAN1 on synaptic transmission and plasticity were directly dependent on CaN1. I thus define a cascade of events as well as demonstrate the key role of RCAN1 in the regulation of both LTP and LTD. Based on my results, I propose that iv RCAN1 modulates synaptic transmission and plasticity according to its phosphorylation states by GSK3β and PKA, via its direct action on CaN1, being an effector of both GSK3β during LTD and PKA during LTP induction.

After careful review of all the relevant literature pertaining to motivation, performance management and compensation in the form of incentives, this thesis focuses primarily on determining whether a statistically significant relationship exists between individual needs and the choice of an incentive scheme option. The secondary aims of the research are to determine whether: A relationship exists between the job grade of an individual and the choice of an incentive scheme. A particular incentive scheme option is preferred by the employees in The South African Breweries (SAB). A particular preference exists, and if so, to make recommendations to SAB for consideration as alternatives to their existing incentive scheme options. After collation of the survey data from the respondents in the sample, the analysis and discussion of the results determined that no significant relationship exists between individual needs and the choice of an incentive scheme option. It was, however, determined that a significant relationship exists between the grade of the employees in SAB and their choice of an incentive scheme. 81% of all respondents indicated a desire for shares as an option in their Short Term Incentives (STI) which indicates a desire for shares in some form or another and may well indicate a level of confidence and commitment by the employees to the organisation. Although the research hypothesis was not proven, significant insights into remuneration within SAB was obtained, which has resulted in recommendations being made for further research into the option of shares in some form or another in the organisation. A further recommendation for SAB is to consider some form of share options for all employees in the organisation. As many other organisations that are performing at remarkable levels attest this performance to share ownership and the behaviour that emanates from it, it would be in the interests of SAB to further investigate the issue as it may improve performance, ownership and retention within the company.

The mechanisms underlying cannabinoid impairment of fear memory is not clear. This study investigated the effects of the synthetic cannabinoid HU210 and the endocannabinoid hydrolysis inhibitor JZL 195 on fear memory following contextual fear conditioning (CFC; an animal model of fear). The long-term depression (LTD)-blocking peptide Tat-GluR2 was utilized to investigate whether the expression of cannabinoid-induced LTD (CB-LTD) is required for the cannabinoid impairment of acquisition and consolidation of contextual fear memory. HU210 reduced freezing throughout the test phase of the acquisition protocol, which was not affected by pre-administration of Tat-GluR2. High and moderate doses of HU210 reduced freezing during the first and last half, respectively, of the test phase of the consolidation protocol, which was prevented by pre-treatment with Tat-GluR2. HU210 did not affect freezing during the test phase of the retrieval protocol. Thus, these results suggest that HU210 impairs acquisition and consolidation, but not retrieval of contextual fear memory, and that in vivo CB-LTD expression is required for HU210 impairment of the consolidation, but not acquisition, of contextual fear memory. We also observed that HU210 and JZL 195 do not facilitate the acquisition of contextual fear memory extinction.

This thesis draws together and reformulates two literatures in order to provide a fresh perspective on the ways that commodities are important in the construction of femininity. On the one hand, studies within retail history and geography, with few exceptions, ignore the salience of shopping as a cultural practice and retail institutions as contexts where the contours of shopping and the imbrication of commodities with everyday life are shaped. On the other hand, scholarship in feminism and cultural studies has persuasively documented the percolation of commodities throughout society, social relations and femininity, but have effectively ignored one of the sites where commodities and consumption practices become intertwined with femininity: retailing. This latter literature is critiqued on the basis that: retailing is ignored through an inadequate conceptualization of consumption; the subject and femininity are insufficiently theorized; and the importance of place in both of these ignored. An alternative framework is offered, drawing on poststructuralist insights, which facilitates an understanding of the location of retailing in relation to consumption, the importance of place in retailing and the ways that retailing is potentially part of the construction of femininity. In particular, retailing is shown to be involved in the construction of femininity through control over the activity of shopping and shoppers, and attempts to fix the meanings of commodities. These discussions of the construction of femininity through shopping in the context of retailing are grounded through a case study of the Woodward's department store in downtown Vancouver between 1945 and 1960. The case study demonstrates the role of retailing in the construction of femininity, and in particular highlights the importance of place in such constructions. The retailing discourses permeating Woodward's were simultaneously place-making discourses, and the characteristics of the place created pervaded the meanings of the commodities and the activity of shopping. The time and place of the case study also throws into sharp relief the operation of two discourses that have been identified as important in the construction of femininity: modernity and familialism. The analysis developed here shows how they intertwine to produce the femininity of shopping. In particular, the feminine shopper is shown as the outcome of a relation, constituted by power and knowledge, between the salesclerk and the shopper, such that shoppers are positioned as inferior and feminine. In so doing, the maligning of both femininity and shopping is demonstrated. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

Cílem diplomové práce je posoudit finanční zdraví společnosti Omega Optix, s.r.o. a zhodnotit její postavení jak na českém trhu, tak na trzích zahraničních. Jejím jádrem je finanční analýza doplněná o strategickou analýzu a v praktické části o analýzu mezinárodních vztahů. Teoretická část je zaměřena na metody finanční analýzy. Obsahuje horizontální a vertikální analýzu rozvahy a výkazu zisku a ztráty, dále analýzu rozdílových a poměrových ukazatelů, bilanční pravidla a souhrnné modely hodnocení podniku. V praktické části jsou jednotlivé metody finanční analýzy aplikovány na společnost Omega Optix, s.r.o. v letech 2004-2008. Strategická analýza doplňuje finanční informace o charakteristiku makrookolí a mikrookolí podniku. Samostatnou kapitolou je analýza mezinárodních vztahů. Výsledkem provedených analýz je SWOT analýza společnosti Omega Optix a z ní plynoucí závěrečná doporučení.

Le thalamus, via les neurones glutamatergiques thalamocorticaux (TC), est le dernier relai dans le cheminement des informations de la périphérie vers le cortex. Le réseau intrathalamique repose sur les interactions entre ces neurones TC et des neurones GABAergiques regroupés dans le Noyau Réticulé Thalamique (NRT). Ces deux types de neurones contribuent au traitement des informations issues de la périphérie et à la genèse des activités oscillantes pendant le sommeil. Pendant les phases de sommeil à ondes lentes les neurones TC et NRT émettent de manière périodique et synchrone des bouffées de potentiels d'action à haute fréquence associées à de forts influx de calcium dus à l'activation des canaux calciques de type T. Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai cherché à déterminer si ces activités étaient susceptibles de modifier la force synaptique. En utilisant un protocole d'induction mimant l'excitabilité des neurones thalamiques durant le sommeil à ondes lentes, j'ai mis en évidence une dépression à long terme (LTD) de la synapse GABAergique entre les neurones NRT et TC. J'ai montré que cette LTD était d'origine post-synaptique et nécessitait en synergie 1) l'activation des récepteurs GABAA présents à la synapse, 2) une forte entrée de calcium dans les neurones TC spécifiquement par les canaux calciques de type T, 3) l'activation des récepteurs métabotropiques du glutamate. L'exigence d'une entrée massive de calcium par les canaux calciques de type T suggère que seules les activités thalamocorticales associées au sommeil à ondes lentes sont susceptibles de déclencher cette LTD. / Thalamocortical (TC) glutamatergic neurons from the thalamus are the last relay in the flow of information from the periphery to the cortex. Intrathalamic network is based on the interactions between these TC neurons and the GABAergic neurons located in the Thalamic Reticularis Nucleus (TRN). These two types of neurons contribute to the processing of information arising from the periphery and to the generation of oscillatory activities during sleep. During slow-waves-sleep, NRT and TC neurons discharge rhythmically and synchronously high frequency bursts of action potentials associated with calcium influx occurring through T-type calcium channels. During my thesis, I sought to determine whether these activities were capable of changing synaptic strength. Using an induction protocol mimicking the excitability of thalamic neurons during slow-wave sleep, I highlighted a long-term depression (LTD) of the synapse between NRT GABAergic neurons and TC neurons. I showed that LTD induction had a postsynaptic origin and required synergistically 1) the synaptic activation of GABAA receptors, 2) a high calcium entry in TC neurons specifically through T-type calcium channels 3) the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors. The requirement of calcium influx through the T-type calcium channels suggests that only thalamocortical activities associated with slow wave sleep may trigger this LTD.