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En la presente tesis doctoral se aborda el estudio de las comunidades de peces presentes en las zonas someras litorales del Mar Menor. La comunidad objeto de estudio estuvo conformada principalmente por individuos en estado de postlarva e individuos juveniles, junto con los adultos de especies de talla pequeña.Los objetivos planteados fueron:A) Caracterización específica de la ictiofauna.B) Análisis de la biología poblacional y relaciones con el hábitat de especies de peces bentónicos.C) Análisis de las relaciones entre los tipos de hábitats litorales y la comunidad de peces.Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto la elevada importancia de las zonas someras litorales de la laguna como hábitats esenciales para la multitud de especies ícticas, tanto aquellas que poseen interés pesquero comercial (familias Atherinidae, Mugilidae y Sparidae) como aquellas que presentan interés conservacionista (familias Cyprinodontidae y Syngnathidae). / The present PhD thesis investigates the small-sized fish assemblages in the shallow littoral areas of the Mar Menor coastal lagoon. The study was focused on juveniles of migrant fish species that recruit into the lagoon and short-lived resident fish species that spend their entire lives in it.The objectives were:A) To characterize the fish assemblages.B) To examine population biology and habitat associations of benthic fish species.C) To analyse the relationship between littoral habitat types and fish assemblages.The results pointed out the importance of shallow littoral areas of the lagoon as essential habitats for many fish species, both juvenile fish species of commercial interest (Atherinidae, Mugilidae and Sparidae families) and threatened fish species (Cyprinodontidae and Syngnathidae families).

As the focus of over 70 years* of archaeological research, Oaxaca, Mexico, is one of Mesoamerica*s best understood regions. Yet, despite the volume of work in Oaxaca, information about one of its key resource areas, the central Pacific coast, remains limited. Specifically, the ambiguous role of Oaxaca*s Central Coast in interregional relationships during pre-Hispanic times to the sites of Monte Alban and Tututepec has been a chronic problem and major source of debate for decades. The purpose of this thesis is to begin clarifying the role of Oaxaca*s Central Coast in interregional networks and its pre-Hispanic history. Analysis utilized surface observations, surface collections, and information from limited excavations performed by the Proyecto Arqueologico Laguna de Manialtepec (PALM) in the Manialtepec Basin, located on the Central Coast of Oaxaca. The data was then mapped using ArcGIS software to render settlement and artifact patterns. Based on the results of this project I suggest a history of settlement for this area. I also argue that the Basin contained three centers, maintained interregional interactions, and was invaded by the Mixtecs of highland Oaxaca during the Late Postclassic Period (A.D. 1200-1500).

D’un point de vue géographique, la lagune de Venise n’a que peu en commun avec les baies principales de la Bretagne septentrionale, si ce n’est son ouverture sur la mer. Les deux réalités étudiées ont pourtant en commun leur soumission à l’action des marées qui a poussé les populations littorales à développer des savoirs et des techniques de pêche traditionnelles d’une très grande richesse et qu’ils ont su faire évoluer au cours du temps pour mieux les adapter aux caractéristiques du milieu.Les différentes formes de récolte et de pêche, l’élevage des moules en particulier, ont entraîné une domestication et une anthropisation de ces zones. En Bretagne, tout comme à Venise, la valorisation de la moule en tant que ressource alimentaire et économique est assez tardive.Que ce soit dans les sources bibliographiques ou durant l’enquête réalisée sur le terrain, notre recherche nous a permis de repérer des allusions fréquentes à la toxicité présumée de ce mollusque, à Venise appelé « peòcio » c’est-à-dire « pou » et considéré non comestible. Quels mécanismes ont métamorphosé la moule en un aliment aujourd’hui apprécié et recherché ? Et comment des zones, autrefois très pauvres se sont transformées, en des lieux renommés pour la production de moules ? C’est pour répondre à ces questions que nous avons entrepris la reconstruction de l’histoire de la mytiliculture. / From a geographic perspective, the Venice Lagoon has almost nothing in common with the main northern bays of “Bretagne”; simply, both open on the sea. Therefore, the two studied realities have to share their submission to the action of tides that have pushed the coastal communities to develop fishing knowledge and techniques. They were able to evolve over time to better suit the characteristics of the environment. The different forms of harvesting and fishing, mussel farming in particular, led to domestication and human impacts in these areas. In “Bretagne”, as in Venice, is rather late the development of mussels as food and as economic resource.Whether in the literature sources or during the survey in the field, our research has led us to identify frequent allusions to the alleged toxicity of this mollusk in Venice called “peòcio” that mean “cootie” and considered inedible. What mechanisms have metamorphosed mussels into a regarded and sought food today? And how formerly very poor areas are transformed into places renowned for the production of mussels? It is to answer these questions that we undertook the reconstruction of the history of the mussel. / Da un punto di vista geografico la laguna di Venezia ha poco in comune con la Bretagna settentrionale se non il suo sbocco sul mare. Di conseguenza le due realtà condividono la dipendenza dall’azione delle maree, le quali hanno spinto le popolazioni litoranee a sviluppare dei saperi e delle particolari tecniche di pesca adattate alle caratteristiche dell’ambiente.Nel corso della nostra ricerca abbiamo incontrato delle frequenti allusioni alla presunta tossicità del mitilo, a Venezia chiamato “peòcio”, cioè pidocchio. Infatti a Venezia, come in Bretagna, la valorizzazione dei mitili quale risorsa alimentare ed economica è un fenomeno tardivo. Quali meccanismi hanno trasformato i mitili in un alimento che è oggi apprezzato e ricercato? E in che modo delle zone un tempo molto povere si sono trasformate in località rinomate per la produzione di questi molluschi? Per rispondere a queste domande abbiamo ricostruito la storia della mitilicoltura.