Image analysis was used to measure basal areas of selected colonies of Montastraea annularis and Porites astreoides, following the colonies over a three-year period from 2002 to 2004. Existing digital images of permanently-marked quadrats in the Caye Caulker Marine Reserve, Belize, were selected based on image quality and availability of images of selected quadrats for all three years. Annual growth rates were calculated from the basal-area measurements. Mean growth rates (radial skeletal extension) for M. annularis and P. astreoides were 0.02 cm yr-1 and -0.20 cm yr-1, respectively. Basal area measurements demonstrated a large degree of variability. Increases were approximately balanced by declines giving the impression of stasis. By removing negative values and correcting by 25% to allow for comparison with vertical growth rates, mean values increased to ~0.5 cm yr-1 for M. annularis and ~0.8 cm yr-1 for P. astreoides. Basal area as a growth measure was compared to methods used in earlier studies. A new growth index based on basal area and perimeter was proposed and modeled. This growth index can be useful for reporting growth measured from basal areas and comparable other methods. The index also measures negative growth, or mortality, which conventional methods cannot do.

Thomas Schelling proposed a simple spatial model to illustrate how, even with relatively mild assumptions on each individual's nearest neighbor preferences, an integrated city would likely unravel to a segregated city, even if all individuals prefer integration. Many authors assumed that the segregation which Schelling observed in simulations on very small cities persists for larger, realistic size cities. We describe how different measures can be used to quantify the segregation and unlock its dependence on city size, disparate neighbor comfortability threshold, and population density. We develop highly efficient simulation algorithms and quantify aggregation in large cities based on thousands of trials. In particular, we show that for the values of disparate neighbor comfortability threshold used by Schelling, the striking global aggregation Schelling observed is strictly a small city phenomenon. Along the way we prove that in the Schelling model, in the process of evolution, the total perimeter of the interface between the different agents always decreases, which provides a useful analytical tool to study the evolution. At the isolated reef Kingman, it was recently discovered that apex predators constitute 85% of the total fish biomass. This is in sharp contrast to most reefs, where the prey biomass substantially dominates the total fish biomass. The recent study at the two pristine reefs, Kingman and Palmyra also indicates that the predator:prey fish biomass ratio is an increasing function of reef cover. Based on these field observations, we model the fish biomass structure at a pristine coral reef. We introduce a new refuge based mechanism for predator-prey interaction with an explicit dependence on refuge size. Our refuge based model does not assume mass action interaction between predators and prey and may provide a new mechanism in ecology to produce inverted biomass pyramids. Our model yields both the inverted biomass pyramid and the increasing dependence of the predator:prey biomass ratio on reef cover. We add various forms of fishing to our model, and show that sufficiently high fishing pressure with quite general types of fishing transforms the inverted biomass pyramid to be bottom heavy.

A contingent valuation study was done to investigate the value of Fijian reefs by households in the Metro Atlanta area. Individuals were surveyed and asked questions about their Willingness-to-Pay for coral reef conservation, personal views on the scope/magnitude of coral reef problems, and experience around ocean related activities as well as knowledge. Results from this data, find individuals would donate on average $0.18 taking into account sample and response bias. Less conservative estimates calculated contributions per person to equal $13.9 for the conservation of Fijian reefs. These results imply Atlanta, which is very distant from Fiji, has the potential to contribute to Fijian coral reef conservation programs. Although little empirical work exists on valuation measure for reefs of non-users and groups distant to reefs, this study suggests nonprofits and developing countries could benefit from the inclusion or previously excluded (due to distance to reefs) participants. The study discusses donor characteristics as well as possible market strategies these organizations could utilize to maximize revenue. Findings from this work highlight two important issues rarely discussed in the policy literature: 1-the use of non-market valuation methods to identify stakeholders and 2-the effects of distance on use and non-use value ultimately impacting conservation.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-82). / xi, 82 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-94). / xvii, 94 leaves, bound ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) 29 cm

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-04T22:03:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaLuciaCarneiroDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 4425502 bytes, checksum: ac3d3bd904a4902d275205e16cbe2f7c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-11T20:21:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaLuciaCarneiroDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 4425502 bytes, checksum: ac3d3bd904a4902d275205e16cbe2f7c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-11T20:21:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaLuciaCarneiroDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 4425502 bytes, checksum: ac3d3bd904a4902d275205e16cbe2f7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-20 / Esta Pesquisa teve como objetivo sistematizar conte?dos aplic?veis para a forma??o docente na ?rea da Reg?ncia Coral Infantil em um Projeto de Extens?o Universit?ria envolvendo alunos do Curso de Licenciatura em M?sica da UFRN. Nesse contexto, 11 participantes integraram o Estudo: uma regente - pesquisadora, mestranda; uma regente auxiliar e pianista, aluna do Curso de P?s - Gradua??o em M?sica; 7 licenciandos em M?sica; uma pianista - aluna do Bacharelado em M?sica; uma preparadora vocal ? aluna do Curso T?cnico em M?sica / Canto. A Pesquisa considerou tamb?m as atividades desenvolvidas pela pesquisadora nas disciplinas Atividades Orientadas II - Metodologia do Ensino da Voz - e M?sica Coral, no Curso de Licenciatura em M?sica da UFRN, durante o semestre letivo de 2015.2 bem como experi?ncias no Projeto de Extens?o Coral Infantil da UFRN, no semestre letivo de 2016.1. Para tanto, o trabalho est? fundamentado em autores como Figueiredo (1990), Schimiti (2003), Zander (2008), Fonterrada (2008), Grings (2011), Dias (2011), Loureiro (2012), Esperidi?o (2012), Gois (2015), Gaborim - Moreira (2015). Como procedimento metodol?gico, foi realizada uma pesquisa - a??o (TRIPP, 2005), estruturada em 4 fases: planejamento, a??o, monitoramento e avalia??o. Por meio desse procedimento, foi poss?vel elaborar e desenvolver atividades pedag?gicas e musicais para o ensino de Reg?ncia Coral Infantil que est?o relatadas por meio de descri??o do di?rio de campo, registros de imagens fotogr?ficas, observa??es e depoimentos de alunos da Licenciatura, coletados atrav?s de um question?rio semiestruturado. Estes depoimentos apoiam que as atividades realizadas no Projeto de Extens?o do Coral Infantil da UFRN foram muito significativas para os licenciandos e contribu?ram para o desenvolvimento de suas habilidades e compet?ncias como regentes. Diante dos resultados obtidos, acreditamos que esta Pesquisa contribui para a amplia??o das discuss?es sobre a Reg?ncia Coral Infantil na forma??o docente em M?sica. / This research aimed to systematize applicable contents for teacher training in the area of children?s choral conducting in a university extension project involving students of the Undergraduate Music Course of UFRN. In this context, 11 participants integrated the study: a regent-researcher, master's degree; a assistant conductor and pianist, a postgraduate student in music; 7 graduates in music; a pianist ? student bachelor in music; a vocal coach - technical / music singing student. The research also considered the activities developed by the researcher in the disciplines Oriented Activities II - Voice Teaching Methodology - and Choral Music, in the Music Licensing Course of UFRN, during the academic semester of 2015.2 as well as experiences in the UFRN Children's Coral Extension Project, in the academic semester of 2016.1. To do so, the work is based on authors such as Figueiredo (1990), Schimiti (2003), Zander (2008), Fonterrada (2008), Grings (2011), Dias (2011), Loureiro (2012), Esperidi?o (2012), Gois (2015) and Gaborim - Moreira (2015). As a methodological procedure, we carried out an action research (TRIPP, 2005), structured in 4 phases: planning, action, monitoring and evaluation. Through this procedure, it was possible to elaborate and develop pedagogical and musical activities for the teaching of children's choral conducting, reported by diary description, photographic image records, observations and testimonials of undergraduate students collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. These testimonials support that the activities carried out in the UFRN Children's Coral Extension Project were very significant for the graduates and contributed to the development of their skills and competences as conductors. In light of the results obtained, we believe that this research contributes to broaden the discussions about teacher training in children?s choral conduction.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:47:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 407930 bytes, checksum: 2e2e384d18c87e7272273f070c122bed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-29 / The necessity to treat different etiologies, magnitudes and localization of bone defects has stimulated the search and development of materials capable to substitute the bone. Autogenous bone graft, although considered ideal because his behavior, in the majority of the situations, presents intrinsic morbidity of attainment, and limitation as for the amount and morphology. The bone s bank allows to provide great part of the current necessities, but it possess related problems with cost, infrastructure necessity and, in human medicine, legal issues. The ideal bone substitute must be osteogenic, biocompatible, capable to provide scaffolds, to propagate other substances, to be easily usable in the clinic and have adjusted ratio cost-benefit. On the other side, in determined applications, it is desirable that some of these characteristics predominate on others, depending on the necessity of the case to treat. This paper has for objective to evaluate the Porites astreoides coral as alternative of bone substitute in the fulfillment of small defects, associate or not to the autogenous bone marrow, and to compare its morphology and composition with normal bone tissue. With this intention there was accomplish a comparative study of the structural and morphologic properties of Porites astreoides coral samples, synthetic hydroxyapatite and bone of young and adult dogs, by x-rays diffraction; and an experimental study, comparing the samples previously, in the repair bone defects in dogs tibia , by radiographic and histology evaluations. / A necessidade de tratar defeitos ósseos de diferentes etiologias, magnitudes e localizações têm estimulado a busca e desenvolvimento de materiais capazes de substituir o osso. O autoenxerto, mesmo sendo considerado o enxerto ideal por seu comportamento, na maioria das situações, apresenta morbidade intrínseca a sua obtenção, e limitação quanto à quantidade e morfologia. Os bancos de ossos permitem resolver grande parte das necessidades atuais, mas possui problemas relacionados a custo, necessidade de infra-estrutura e, em medicina humana, de ordem médico-legal. O substituto ósseo ideal deve ser osteogênico, biocompatível, capaz de proporcionar suporte estrutural e de veicular outras substâncias, facilmente utilizável na clínica e com adequada proporção custo-benefício. Por outro lado, em determinadas aplicações, é desejável que algumas dessas características predominem sobre outras, dependendo da necessidade do caso a tratar. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo avaliar o coral Porites astreoides como alternativa de substituto ósseo no preenchimento de pequenos defeitos, associado ou não à medula óssea autógena, e comparar a sua morfologia e composição com a do tecido ósseo normal. Para tal propósito foi realizado um estudo comparativo das propriedades estruturais e morfológicas de amostras do coral Porites astreoides, hidroxiapatita sintética e de ossos de cães jovens e adultos, por meio da difração de raios-x; e um estudo experimental, comparando as amostras citadas anteriormente, na reparação de falhas ósseas realizadas na tíbia de cães, por meio de avaliações radiográficas e histológicas.

Esta dissertação pretende apresentar um histórico contextualizado e comentado de trabalho de coro infantil realizado em Milão, na Itália, com o Coro Curumim da Associação Cultural Cantosospeso, entre 1993 e 2003, assim como um estudo sobre as estratégias lúdicas utilizadas e a concepção de seu repertório multicultural de canções. Ressaltando a importância dessas estratégias lúdicas, tanto para o trabalho mais técnico, voltado aos modos de cantar tal repertório, como para a compreensão sociocultural do cantar e do fazer musical em geral, sobretudo no âmbito que circunscreve a concepção musical e sociocultural de cada povo contemplado nas canções que compreendem o cancioneiro empregado e das próprias crianças envolvidas, pretendeu-se contribuir para o desenvolvimento da área de canto coral infantil e, por que não dizer, da educação musical, e compartilhar com regentes corais, educadores musicais e estudantes de música, principalmente, uma experiência que consideramos formadora e transformadora. / This dissertation aims to provide a contextualized, commented history of a children\'s choir work performed in Milan, Italy, with the Curumim Choir, a group of Cantosospeso Cultural Association, between 1993 and 2003, as well as a study on the ludic strategies used and the design of its multicultural songs repertoire. Underscoring the importance of these ludic strategies for both the more technical work, focused on ways to sing this repertoire, and the sociocultural understanding of singing and music making in general, especially in the context that circumscribes both the musical and the sociocultural conception of every people contemplated in the songs that comprise both the repertoire employed and the children involved, it is intended to contribute to the development of the children\'s choir area, why not say, music education, and share with choir directors, music educators and music students, mainly, an experiment we consider formative and transformative.

Orientador: Carlos Fernando Fiorini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T19:49:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_CleodicelesBrancoNogueirade_M.pdf: 4799497 bytes, checksum: 6e4d95e2b0d97373282c260943c5fdcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem por finalidade apresentar uma proposta de musicalização infantil através de canto coral nas escolas e os benefícios que essa prática traz para a criança. Com base na pesquisa bibliográfica como referencial teórico e em parceria com o Instituto Cultural Canarinhos da Terra através de seu programa O Coral na Escola, foi realizado um trabalho onde cerca de 25 crianças de uma Escola Municipal de Ensino Básico, situada na região de Campinas tiveram a oportunidade de participar de aulas de Canto Coral ao longo do ano de 2010. Através da pesquisa de campo pode-se destacar a importância de ter uma equipe qualificada para a realização de um trabalho de coro infantil bem como os benefícios que tal prática traz para a formação da criança / Abstract: This dissertation aims to present a proposal for Music Education to children through Choral Singing in Schools, and discuss the benefits that this practice brings to the child. Based on a bibliographic research as a theoretical reference, and in partnership with Instituto Cultural Canarinhos da Terra through its program "O Coral na Escola", 25 children from the Escola Municipal de Ensino Basico, located in the region of Campinas, had the opportunity to participate in choral singing lessons throughout the year 2010. Through this research, it was possible to highlight not only the importance of having a qualified staff working with a children's choir, but also the benefits that this practice can bring to the child's education / Mestrado / Praticas Interpretativas / Mestre em Música

Acropora cervicornis and A. palmata were once dominant, reef-building corals of Caribbean reefs. Over the last several decades, population declines of Caribbean Acropora have been dramatic, and both species are now listed as “Threatened” under the United States Endangered Species Act. Numerous restoration efforts now utilize coral gardening techniques to cultivate these species for transplantation, in which A. cervicornis is primarily cultivated both on fixed structures and in line nurseries. This study evaluates growth and survivorship of multiple A. cervicornis genotypes grown via two line nursery techniques, and compares the efficacy of each against the conventional method of fixed nursery puck-mounted culture. Suspended nursery culture resulted in higher post-fragmentation survivorship of corals than puck culture, especially in warmer conditions. Disease incidence was significantly reduced by suspended culture, which also prevented predation from fireworms (Hermodice carunculata) prevalent in puck corals at the same nursery. Genotypic growth rate differences persisted among techniques, and suspended coral growth was comparable to puck culture. Suspended colonies may need more frequent pruning to avoid branch abrasion and breakage, but the technique is an effective means to reduce disease, predation, and post-fragmentation mortality in A. cervicornis nursery culture.