El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar la dieta de Spheniscus humboldti de los alrededores de Punta San Juan, Punta Caballa y Sombrerillo-Ica, Perú durante los años 1992, 1993 y 1996. Se estudiaron 378 estómagos provenientes de captura incidental durante operaciones de pesca artesanal de Seriorella violacea, utilizando redes agalleras. La alimentación de S. humboldti comprendió 27 especies. De acuerdo al coeficiente alimentario numérico, los ítems primarios fueron: Teuthida, Isacia conceptionis, Cheilodactylus variegatus, Sciaena deliciosa, Seriolella violacea, Stromateus stellatus, Eugraulis ringens, Opistonema liberate, Normanichthys crockery, Odonthestes regia, Myctophum nitidulum, Merluccius gayi y Leuroglossus stilbius. La dieta de S. humboldti se considera especialista y con amplitud de dieta. Se observaron diferencias en la dieta de S. humboldti interanual, debido a que en 1992 los ítem presa primarios fueron: Teuthida, C. variegatus, E. ringens, O. liberate, N. crockery, O. regia, M. nitidulum y M. gayi. En el año 1993 los ítem presa primario fueron: Teuthida, I. conceptionis, C. variegatus, S. stellatus, E. ringens, N. crockery, O. regia, M. gayi y L. stilbius. En el año 1996 los ítems primarios fueron: Teuthida, E. ringens, N. crockery y O. regia. Se observaron ligeras diferencias en la dieta de S. humboldti interestacional. Los valores de Shannon-Wiener dan un rango entre 0,07 a 0,47, y el índice de amplitud de nicho de Levin fue de 0,04 a 0,13, por lo tanto, se trata de un depredador especialista. El traslapamiento de la dieta mediante el índice de Bray-Curtis indica que a nivel interestacional por años la diferencia fue de 0,20 Existieron diferencias en la dieta de S. humboldti en relación a los eventos oceanográficos, observándose una diferencia entre 1992 (evento de El Niño), 1996 (evento influenciado por La Niña) y 1993 (año influenciado por El Niño).This work aimed at characterizing the diet of the Spheniscus humboldti from around Punta San Juan, Punta Caballa and Sombrerillo (Ica, Peru) in 1992, 1993 and 1996. Three hundred seventy-eight stomachs from the incidental catch of Seriorella violacea in subsistence fishing operations using gillnets. The diet of the S. humboldti comprised 27 species. Per the numerical food coefficient, the primary items were the following: Teuthida, Isacia conceptionis, Cheilodactylus variegatus, Sciaena deliciosa, Seriolella violacea, Stromateus stellatus, Eugraulis ringens, Opistonema liberate, Normanichthys crockery, Odonthestes regia, Myctophum nitidulum, Merluccius gayi and Leuroglossus stilbius. The S. humboldti is considered a specialist species with dietary breadth. Differences were noted in the diet of the S. humboldti interanual, since, in 1992, the primary prey items were the following: Teuthida, C. variegatus, E. ringens, O. liberate, N. crockery, O. regia, M. nitidulum and M. gayi. In 1993, the primary prey items were Teuthida, I. conceptionis, C. variegatus, S. stellatus, E. ringens, N. crockery, O. regia, M. gayi and L. stilbius. In 1996, the primary prey items were Teuthida, E. ringens, N. crockery and O. regia. Slight differences were noted in the interseasonal diet of the S. humboldti. The Shannon-Wiener index values result in a range between 0,07 and 0,47, and Levin’s niche breadth ratio resulted in 0,04 to 0,13. Therefore, it is a specialized predator. The overlap in the diet, determined through the Bray-Curtis ratio, indicates that, seasonally and by year, the difference was 0,20. There were differences in the diet of the S. humboldti regarding oceanographic events. A difference was observed between 1992 (El Niño event), 1996 (event influenced by La Niña) and 1993 (a year influenced by El Niño).

This study investigates the response of lightning to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the vicinity of the U.S. Gulf Coast region and nearby adjacent waters of the Gulf of Mexico, for the years 1995-2002. The Gulf Coast region was selected for this study because of its high flash density (Orville and Huffines, 2001) and because it is an area where the ENSO fingerprint is very clearly demonstrated on both temperature and precipitation patterns (CPC, 2002). Additionally, this geographic domain roughly matches the only known study on this topic (Goodman et al., 2000). Winter is the season of greatest response to ENSO (CPC, 2004), and past studies show that summer has the most lightning activity (e.g., Orville and Huffines, 2001). The temporal domain of the study is restricted to 1995 and beyond, as this follows a system-wide upgrade of the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) that improved overall flash detection efficiency (Cummins, et. al.1998; Wacker and Orville, 1999). Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed to explore the lightning data for ENSO teleconnections. Mean flash density maps were constructed for the complete period of record, individual months and the winter and summer seasons. Maps were visually examined for qualitative comparison with past climatologies and the Goodman et al., (2002) ENSO study. Additionally, monthly flash deviations are computed, visualized and correlated with the Niño 3.4 SST anomaly for all months in the study, seeking out variations in both the amount of flash deviation and spatial properties. Abundant literature exists on both ENSO and lightning individually. This study offers an insight into their intersection.

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)

This study examines the non-linear cointegrated relationship between capture production and the El Nino/La Nina index using the quantile technique proposed by Xiao (2009). According to the annual sample data of 6 Major Fishing Areas in the Pacific Ocean from 1950 to 2008, our empirical findings provide strong evidence that the cointegrating coefficients follow a time-varying process. They also imply that most of these long-run relationships are influenced by potential shocks over time rather than from maintaining a constant effect consistently. Overall, the contributions of this study not only stresses the importance of the quantile property in cointegrated models, but also provides a viewpoint on the long-run approach that the overall El Nino and La Nina act as engines for capture production.

The dynamics of marginal seas is complex in terms of carbon dioxide absorption and release. This thesis analyzes data collected in the southern Taiwan Strait and in the South China Sea. In order to deduct the influence of temperature on the fCO2, fCO2 is normalized to the average water temperature (fCO2 mean). In the spring of 2008, in the Taiwan Strait, when salinity was smaller than approximately 33.8, measured fCO2 mean and salinity had a negative correlation; but when the salinity was higher than approximately 33.8, the correlation was positive. When salinity was smaller than apprx. 33.8, fCO2 cal. mean correlated slightly negatively to chlorophyll. This indicates that the low fCO2 cal. was not only caused by the increase of the CO2 solubility at lower temperatures, but also by the biotic photosynthesis. On the contrary, when the salinity was higher than apprx. 33.8, fCO2 cal. mean and the chlorophyll held positive correlation. It indicates that the influence of photosynthesis was reduced. In this case, the primary factor of fCO2 cal. change was due to the mixing of the high normalized dissolved inorganic carbon (NDIC=35¡ÑDIC/S) China Coastal Current with low NDIC seawater. With a raise of seawater temperature, then a decrease of the CO2 solubility, seawater became a source of carbon dioxide. In the summer of 2008, the northern South China Sea was influenced by Pearl River plume, resulting in lower fCO2 and salinity. The fCO2 of the China coast was influenced not only by the Pearl River plume, but also by the Jiulong River plume and upwelling. The Taiwan Strait water mass mainly contains the South China Sea water, a Kuroshio branch and the China Coast Current. During an El Niño year, the monsoon weakens, so that the volume of Kuroshio entering the South China Sea increases. However, for La Niña years, the monsoon strengthens, therefore the volume of the Kuroshio entering the South China Sea decreases. As a result, the Taiwan Strait water changes interannually due to different mixture of seawater of the Kuroshio and the South China Sea. The southern Taiwan Strait could be divided into the Penghu Channel and the western strait. During an El Niño summer, the Penghu Channel is occupied by waters with high temperature, salinity and pH, but low NDIC and nutrients. This is because more Kuroshio waters enter the South China Sea, then move northward to the southern Taiwan Strait. The hydrology in the Penghu Channel in normal years shows different result from season to season. In the summer, the Penghu Channel contains low temperature, salinity and pH water. In winter, waters with high salinity and pH, but low AOU, NDIC and nutrients prevail. This indicates that less Kuroshio waters enter the South China Sea in summer than in winter. The hydrology of the Penghu Channel changes decidedly from season to season in a normal year but spring, summer and fall have no clear change in the El Niño period, because more Kuroshio waters enter the South China Sea in summer. The wind effect during the El Niño period becomes weakened, have the hydrology during summer monsoon is similar to the hydrology in spring and summer. The waters of the Penghu Channel reach the highest pH, but the lowest AOU, NDIC and nutrients in winter. Older waters from upwelling move to the north in the western Strait during spring and fall in a normal year. However, during the El Niño period, possibly due to the weaker monsoon, such upwelling signal is reduced. Waters of the western strait in winter have higher temperature, salinity and pH, but lower NDIC during the El Niño period compared to a normal year. This indicates that the El Niño influences not only the Penghu Channel but also the entire southern Taiwan Strait in winter.

Neste trabalho foi feita a climatologia decendial e mensal da nebulosidade diurna para o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, incluindo os impactos do El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENOS) e a tendência temporal dessa variável. Também foi feita uma avaliação e comparação dos tipos de nuvens usando imagens do satélite GOES, de um evento extremo de El Niño e um ano considerado neutro. A nebulosidade diurna foi estimada a partir de dados de insolação de 17 estações meteorológicas distribuídas pelo Estado no período de 1960-2005. A classificação dos tipos de nuvens foi feita em imagens do satélite GOES cedidas pelo Centro de Previsão do Tempo e Estudos Climáticos/ Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (CPTEC/INPE). Os resultados mostram que a região oeste-noroeste do Estado apresenta os menores índices de nebulosidades e os maiores ocorrem no leste-nordeste. Os maiores índices de nebulosidade ocorrem durante o inverno e os menores no verão. Em anos de El Niño, no Rio Grande do Sul, o índice de nebulosidade diurna é superior à média dos anos neutros na maior parte do ano; em anos de La Nina a tendência de menor índice é observada somente na metade sul do Estado.O final da primavera e início de verão é o período de maior impacto do ENOS no índice de nebulosidade diurna. Durante o El Niño de 1997/1998, a nebulosidade foi maior que no ano neutro (2001/2002) na primavera (novembro), predominando as nuvens do tipo cumulus, cumulonimbus e multicamadas. A nebulosidade obtida a partir das imagens GOES é coerente com as informações de superfície. Estas imagens podem, portanto, contribuir para os estudos de climatologia da nebulosidade diurna do Rio Grande do Sul, melhorando seu detalhamento espacial e temporal, assim como agregando a informação dos tipos de nuvens. / A decadal and monthly climatology of diurnal cloudiness was performed for Rio Grande do Sul State, and analyzing impacts of El Niño South Oscillation (ENSO) and the temporal tendency of cloudiness distribution. In addition, an evaluation and comparison of could types were carried out by using images from GOES satellite, for an extreme event of El Niño and for a neutral year. The diurnal cloudiness was estimated as function of the sunshine duration, whose data set was collected in 17 weather stations widely distributed in the State, from 1960 to 2005. The classification of clouds was done by using images from GOES satellite, provided by Centro de Previsão do Tempo e Estudos Climáticos/ Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (CPTEC/INPE), Brazil. Results showed that the west-northwest region of the State presents the lowest cloudiness, while the highest values correspond to the east-northeast region. The highest indexes of cloudiness occur during the winter and the lowest means are during the summer season. In Rio Grande do Sul State a higher indexes of cloudiness occur during El Niño events than in neutral period; years with La Niña events tends to have the lowest indexes of cloudiness, but only in the southern half part of the State. The highest impact of ENSO on indexes of cloudiness occurs late in spring and early in summer seasons. During the 1997/1998 El Niño event, the cloudiness was higher than in the neutral 2001/2002 year, in particular during the spring season (November), with prevailing of cumulus, cumulonimbus, and multilayer clouds. The cloudiness obtained from GOES images was coherent to the surface data. Therefore, these images can contribute to diurnal cloudiness climatology studies in Rio Grande do Sul State, improving spatial and temporal detailing, as well as, adding type clouds information.

Baseado na demanda de instituições oficiais para geração de informações objetivas sobre o rendimento da cultura do arroz irrigado, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a possibilidade do uso de imagens MODIS na estimativa de rendimento de arroz irrigado no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo foi realizado usando-se dois conjuntos de dados abrangendo as seis regiões orizícolas do Rio Grande do Sul. O primeiro conjunto, referentes às safras 1982/1983 até 2005/2006, foi de dados meteorológicos de temperatura mínima do ar, radiação solar global e dados de estatísticas agrícolas de rendimento e área cultivada de arroz irrigado. O segundo conjunto considerou as imagens dos índices de vegetação NDVI e EVI provenientes do sensor MODIS, das safras de 2000/2001 até 2005/2006. A partir desses dados foram feitas análises de tendência tecnológica dos rendimentos e estabelecidos os indicadores agrometeorológicos e espectrais para o ajuste de modelos de estimativa de rendimento de arroz irrigado no Estado. Os resultados mostraram que existe tendência tecnológica de incremento nos rendimentos de arroz irrigado no Estado; os perfis espectrais (NDVI e EVI) das áreas de arroz irrigado são típicos de áreas cultivadas, com valores baixos no período de implementação da cultura, crescentes durante o desenvolvimento vegetativo, atingindo os valores máximos durante o enchimento de grão e decrescentes a partir da maturação fisiológica dos grãos. A variabilidade interanual desses perfis é devida, principalmente, às variações das condições meteorológicas; existe uma relação curvilinear entre NDVI e EVI, entretanto ambos índices apresentam um perfil médio similar, com o NDVI apresentando valores maiores do que o EVI; as variáveis meteorológicas radiação solar global e dias com temperatura mínima do ar menor ou igual a 15°C e as imagens de NDVI e EVI provenientes do sensor MODIS podem ser usadas como indicadores do rendimento do arroz irrigado. Os modelos agrometeorológicos e agrometeorológicos-espectrais ajustados apresentam características de precisão, fácil implementação e baixo custo, podendo, portanto, serem introduzidos ao programa nacional de previsão de safras. Embora o período de dados ainda seja reduzido para resultados conclusivos existe a tendência de melhora nas estimativas de rendimento de arroz irrigado no Rio Grande do Sul a partir da incorporação de dados provenientes de imagens MODIS. / Based on the demand of official institution for objective information about the irrigated rice yield, the aim of this research was to evaluate the possibility to use MODIS images for the irrigated rice yield forecasts in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This study was carried out using two data sets involving the six rice production regions of Rio Grande do Sul. The first data set, relative to the crop years from 1982/1983 to 2005/2006, was meteorological data of the minimum air temperature and global solar radiation, and data of the agricultural statistics about the irrigated rice yield and crop area. The second data set was the vegetation indexes images, NDVI and EVI, obtained from the MODIS sensor, referent to the crop years from 2000/2001 to 2005/2006. From these data, analyzes of yield technological tendencies were made, and the agrometeorological and spectral indicators for the adjustment of the irrigated rice yield models in the State was established. The results showed that there is a technological tendency of increasing the irrigated rice yield in the State; the spectral profiles (NDVI and EVI) of the irrigated rice areas are typical of crop areas, with low values during the implementation crop period, increasing values during the vegetative development, reaching the highest values during the grain-filling period and decreasing values during the grain physiological maturity. The interannual variability of these profiles occurs mainly due to the variations of the meteorological conditions; there is a curvilinear relationship between NDVI and EVI, however, both vegetation indexes show a similar mean profile, with NDVI values higher than EVI ones; the meteorological variables – global solar radiation and days with minimum air temperature below or equal to 15°C – and the NDVI and EVI images from the MODIS sensor can be used as indicators of the irrigated rice yield. The adjusted agrometeorological and agrometeorological-spectral models show characteristics of accuracy, easy implementation and low cost making them able to be introduced to the national program of crop forecast. Although the period of data are still reduced for final conclusions, there is a tendency of improvement of the irrigated rice yield estimates in Rio Grande do Sul through the incorporation of data from MODIS images.

Neste trabalho foi feita a climatologia decendial e mensal da nebulosidade diurna para o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, incluindo os impactos do El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENOS) e a tendência temporal dessa variável. Também foi feita uma avaliação e comparação dos tipos de nuvens usando imagens do satélite GOES, de um evento extremo de El Niño e um ano considerado neutro. A nebulosidade diurna foi estimada a partir de dados de insolação de 17 estações meteorológicas distribuídas pelo Estado no período de 1960-2005. A classificação dos tipos de nuvens foi feita em imagens do satélite GOES cedidas pelo Centro de Previsão do Tempo e Estudos Climáticos/ Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (CPTEC/INPE). Os resultados mostram que a região oeste-noroeste do Estado apresenta os menores índices de nebulosidades e os maiores ocorrem no leste-nordeste. Os maiores índices de nebulosidade ocorrem durante o inverno e os menores no verão. Em anos de El Niño, no Rio Grande do Sul, o índice de nebulosidade diurna é superior à média dos anos neutros na maior parte do ano; em anos de La Nina a tendência de menor índice é observada somente na metade sul do Estado.O final da primavera e início de verão é o período de maior impacto do ENOS no índice de nebulosidade diurna. Durante o El Niño de 1997/1998, a nebulosidade foi maior que no ano neutro (2001/2002) na primavera (novembro), predominando as nuvens do tipo cumulus, cumulonimbus e multicamadas. A nebulosidade obtida a partir das imagens GOES é coerente com as informações de superfície. Estas imagens podem, portanto, contribuir para os estudos de climatologia da nebulosidade diurna do Rio Grande do Sul, melhorando seu detalhamento espacial e temporal, assim como agregando a informação dos tipos de nuvens. / A decadal and monthly climatology of diurnal cloudiness was performed for Rio Grande do Sul State, and analyzing impacts of El Niño South Oscillation (ENSO) and the temporal tendency of cloudiness distribution. In addition, an evaluation and comparison of could types were carried out by using images from GOES satellite, for an extreme event of El Niño and for a neutral year. The diurnal cloudiness was estimated as function of the sunshine duration, whose data set was collected in 17 weather stations widely distributed in the State, from 1960 to 2005. The classification of clouds was done by using images from GOES satellite, provided by Centro de Previsão do Tempo e Estudos Climáticos/ Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (CPTEC/INPE), Brazil. Results showed that the west-northwest region of the State presents the lowest cloudiness, while the highest values correspond to the east-northeast region. The highest indexes of cloudiness occur during the winter and the lowest means are during the summer season. In Rio Grande do Sul State a higher indexes of cloudiness occur during El Niño events than in neutral period; years with La Niña events tends to have the lowest indexes of cloudiness, but only in the southern half part of the State. The highest impact of ENSO on indexes of cloudiness occurs late in spring and early in summer seasons. During the 1997/1998 El Niño event, the cloudiness was higher than in the neutral 2001/2002 year, in particular during the spring season (November), with prevailing of cumulus, cumulonimbus, and multilayer clouds. The cloudiness obtained from GOES images was coherent to the surface data. Therefore, these images can contribute to diurnal cloudiness climatology studies in Rio Grande do Sul State, improving spatial and temporal detailing, as well as, adding type clouds information.

Baseado na demanda de instituições oficiais para geração de informações objetivas sobre o rendimento da cultura do arroz irrigado, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a possibilidade do uso de imagens MODIS na estimativa de rendimento de arroz irrigado no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo foi realizado usando-se dois conjuntos de dados abrangendo as seis regiões orizícolas do Rio Grande do Sul. O primeiro conjunto, referentes às safras 1982/1983 até 2005/2006, foi de dados meteorológicos de temperatura mínima do ar, radiação solar global e dados de estatísticas agrícolas de rendimento e área cultivada de arroz irrigado. O segundo conjunto considerou as imagens dos índices de vegetação NDVI e EVI provenientes do sensor MODIS, das safras de 2000/2001 até 2005/2006. A partir desses dados foram feitas análises de tendência tecnológica dos rendimentos e estabelecidos os indicadores agrometeorológicos e espectrais para o ajuste de modelos de estimativa de rendimento de arroz irrigado no Estado. Os resultados mostraram que existe tendência tecnológica de incremento nos rendimentos de arroz irrigado no Estado; os perfis espectrais (NDVI e EVI) das áreas de arroz irrigado são típicos de áreas cultivadas, com valores baixos no período de implementação da cultura, crescentes durante o desenvolvimento vegetativo, atingindo os valores máximos durante o enchimento de grão e decrescentes a partir da maturação fisiológica dos grãos. A variabilidade interanual desses perfis é devida, principalmente, às variações das condições meteorológicas; existe uma relação curvilinear entre NDVI e EVI, entretanto ambos índices apresentam um perfil médio similar, com o NDVI apresentando valores maiores do que o EVI; as variáveis meteorológicas radiação solar global e dias com temperatura mínima do ar menor ou igual a 15°C e as imagens de NDVI e EVI provenientes do sensor MODIS podem ser usadas como indicadores do rendimento do arroz irrigado. Os modelos agrometeorológicos e agrometeorológicos-espectrais ajustados apresentam características de precisão, fácil implementação e baixo custo, podendo, portanto, serem introduzidos ao programa nacional de previsão de safras. Embora o período de dados ainda seja reduzido para resultados conclusivos existe a tendência de melhora nas estimativas de rendimento de arroz irrigado no Rio Grande do Sul a partir da incorporação de dados provenientes de imagens MODIS. / Based on the demand of official institution for objective information about the irrigated rice yield, the aim of this research was to evaluate the possibility to use MODIS images for the irrigated rice yield forecasts in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This study was carried out using two data sets involving the six rice production regions of Rio Grande do Sul. The first data set, relative to the crop years from 1982/1983 to 2005/2006, was meteorological data of the minimum air temperature and global solar radiation, and data of the agricultural statistics about the irrigated rice yield and crop area. The second data set was the vegetation indexes images, NDVI and EVI, obtained from the MODIS sensor, referent to the crop years from 2000/2001 to 2005/2006. From these data, analyzes of yield technological tendencies were made, and the agrometeorological and spectral indicators for the adjustment of the irrigated rice yield models in the State was established. The results showed that there is a technological tendency of increasing the irrigated rice yield in the State; the spectral profiles (NDVI and EVI) of the irrigated rice areas are typical of crop areas, with low values during the implementation crop period, increasing values during the vegetative development, reaching the highest values during the grain-filling period and decreasing values during the grain physiological maturity. The interannual variability of these profiles occurs mainly due to the variations of the meteorological conditions; there is a curvilinear relationship between NDVI and EVI, however, both vegetation indexes show a similar mean profile, with NDVI values higher than EVI ones; the meteorological variables – global solar radiation and days with minimum air temperature below or equal to 15°C – and the NDVI and EVI images from the MODIS sensor can be used as indicators of the irrigated rice yield. The adjusted agrometeorological and agrometeorological-spectral models show characteristics of accuracy, easy implementation and low cost making them able to be introduced to the national program of crop forecast. Although the period of data are still reduced for final conclusions, there is a tendency of improvement of the irrigated rice yield estimates in Rio Grande do Sul through the incorporation of data from MODIS images.

Geólogo / En este estudio se presentan los resultados del modelamiento geológico y estimación de recursos de 〖CaCO〗_3 en el yacimiento La Niña, ubicado en Tongoy Región de Coquimbo, perteneciente a la empresa Cementos Melón SA. Por otro lado, este trabajo incluye la estimación de las concentraciones de Cl dentro del yacimiento, debido a que, altas concentraciones de Cl (>0.025%) son perjudiciales para los procesos de fabricación de cemento. Para la elaboración de un modelo geológico y estimación de recursos más preciso, durante los meses de enero y febrero del 2017, se realiza la campaña de sondajes Tongoy 2017, con la finalidad de aumentar la densidad de información, reduciendo la distancia entre sondajes a un promedio de 150 m, llegando a ser de 260 m en algunos casos. En esta campaña se adicionan 13 sondajes ubicados principalmente en la zona centro-sur del yacimiento. Utilizando la información de las campañas de sondajes anteriores (2001 y 2005), más la base de datos generada por la campaña de sondajes 2017 y levantamiento geológico en terreno, se utiliza el software Vulcan 10, para la elaboración del modelo geológico para Conchuela Alta y Baja. Con los modelos geológicos elaborados, se define el modelo de bloques con el que se discretizará el yacimiento, el cual, en base a los bancos del rajo actual, se construyen bloques de 20x20x5 m con sub-bloques de 5x5x1.25 m de espesor. La estimación de 〖CaCO〗_3 para cada bloque del modelo, se realizará utilizando inverso a la distancia al cuadrado, donde debido a la gran separación entre sondajes, y poca densidad de información, se imposibilita la aplicabilidad de un kriking ordinario. Los radios de búsqueda de la estimación son definidos según la distancia entre sondajes. La variable Cl, al presentar un comportamiento aleatorio sin continuidad apreciable, y ante la necesidad de caracterizar su distribución dentro del yacimiento, se estimó con los mismos criterios que la variable 〖CaCO〗_3. El cálculo final de recursos, o sumatoria de cada bloque para cada unidad Litológica estudiada, arroja que, para conchuela de alta ley, existirían 15 millones de toneladas con una ley promedio del 90.6%, y para conchuela baja se tendría 14 millones de toneladas con una ley promedio del 76%. En cuanto a la problemática de Cl, debido a las bajas concentraciones encontradas, se desestima su importancia como problemática en la producción eficiente de clinker.