Mass transit investments continue to be utilized in many cities as means of dealing with various transportation issues. In Dallas Texas, light rail transit was developed with the hopes of encouraging compact and orderly growth. This research uses the DART system as a case study in examining transportation/land use relationships in Dallas. As such, this thesis reviews past research that examined transit systems impacts on urban areas, analyzes historical changes in land use pattern development around the existing twenty stations of the DART light rail starter system, and summarizes the progression of land use trends in the transit corridor as they relate to DART impacts. Results of this study suggest that DART's light rail system has been an effective tool used in achieving the transportation and land use goals for the region. Finally, recommendations are presented with respect to what can be expected for future light rail development in Dallas.

(EN) This thesis deals with the EU competition law enforcement in the transport sector towards private undertakings. Specifically, air and rail transport are focused at as they represent convenient examples on which it can be demonstrated how the EU manages to cope with the liberalization process and apply the competition rules to these sectors. The main research question of the thesis is what specific features can be observed in the decision making of the Commission and Court of Justice of the EU regarding the competition rules in the transport sector, specifically air and rail industry. This thesis is structured as follows. In total, it includes six chapters, introduction, four main chapters and the conclusion. The first main chapter is devoted to the EU transport policy as the goals of the transport policy, the liberalization process and its main characteristics are described. Specifically, the main milestones in the creation of single European transport policy in the transport sector are presented and the main obstacles in the liberalization process in the airline and rail sector are discussed. Moreover, the chapter also deals with the relationship of ex ante regulation and ex post competition rules. The second chapter focuses on the analysis of the competition rules enforcement in the air...

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjama geležinkelio pagrindo, tai yra žemės sankasų įrengimų technologija įvertinant vietos sąlygas. Sukuriami du žemės sankasų modeliai ant sauso pagrindo iš molingųjų ir drenuojančių gruntų, taip pat du modeliai durpynuose iš drenuojančių ir dulkingųjų gruntų, kurių gylis 4 m. Remiantis šiuo metu egzistuojančiais įkainiais buvo įvertintos pylimų iš skirtingų gruntų įrengimo kainos. Pylimams ant sauso pagrindo buvo sudarytas daugiakriteris sprendimo priėmimo uždavinys ir išspręstas 4 būdais: SAW, AHP, TOPSIS, MCDM-23. Naujausi darbai esantys mokslinių duomenų bazėse, Lietuvos institucijų pateikiama informacija, bei kita medžiaga internete tiriama analizės būdu; alternatyvų rodiklių reikšmės nustatomos remiantis praktika, bei kokybiniais mokslinio tyrimo metodais. Atlikus tyrimus priėita išvada, kad žemės sankasas 1 – o tipo geležinkeliams ant tvirto pagrindo arba pelkėse ekonomiškiau įrenginėti i�� dulkingųjų ar molingųjų gruntų. Darbą sudaro 7 dalys: 1) įvadas, 2) geležinkelių sankasų įrengimo reikšmė, 3) sankasų įrengimo technologinės alternatyvos, 4) skirtingų sankasų įrengimo technologijų modeliavimas, 5) daugiakriterių sprendimų priėmimo metodų aptarimas ir parinkimas, 6) išvados, 7) literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 101 puslapių. / The master thesis covers the analysis of technology regarding the rail foundation or rail bed mounting in consideration of local conditions. Two rail bed models are designed over the dry foundation made of clayey and drained soil as well as two models in peatery made of drained and dusty soil at a depth of 4 m. The prices for mounting of embankment by using various soils were estimated with reference to the current prices. The thesis defined a multiple criteria task concerning the embankments over the dry foundation, which was solved in four ways: SAW, AHP, TOPSIS, MCDM-23. The new articles in academic databases, the information provided by Lithuanian institutions, and other material found in the Internet were examined with a help of analysis: the values of alternative indexes are determined in accordance to the practice and qualitative research methods. Research revealed that it is more efficient to mount the rail beds by utilizing drained and dusty soil over the solid foundation or in the peatery in case of the rails of the 1st type. The thesis consist of 7 sections: 1) introduction, 2) the importance of rail beds mounting, 3) technological alternatives for the rail beds mounting, 4) modeling of technologies for the different beds, 5) selection and consideration of multiple criteria solutions, 6) conclusions, 7) reference list. Thesis consist of 101 pages.

This thesis aims to design a test equipment for positive change the adhesion contact between the wheel and the rail head. This can be achieved by changing the size of the coefficient of friction, which are eliminated negative effects accompanying the operation of the rail transport (acoustic emissions and excessive wear). Reducing friction must not be compromised traction or braking. Equipment ranks among to Top of Rail systems where as medium is used the friction modifier. The study includes an overview of available types of friction modifiers and applicators Top of rail system. The design of the applicator is built based on the off-board system that is placed in front of the arc track with a small radius of curvature.

The fuel pressure is one of the central control variables of a modern common-rail injection system. It influences the generation of nitrous oxide and particulate matter emissions, the brake specific fuel consumption of the engine and the power consumption of the fuel pump. Accurate control of the fuel pressure and reliable diagnostics of the fuel system are therefore crucial components of the engine management system. In order to develop for example control or diagnostics algorithms and aid in the understanding of how hardware changes affect the system, a simulation model of the system is desirable.  A Simulink model of the XPI (Xtra high Pressure Injection) system developed by Scania and Cummins is developed. Unlike the previous models of the system available, the new model is geared towards fast simulations by modelling only the mean flow and pressure characteristics of the system, instead of the momentary flow and pressure variations as the engine rotates. The model is built using a modular approach where each module represents a physical component of the system. The modules themselves are based to a large extent on the physical properties of the components involved, making the model of the system adaptable to different hardware configurations whilst also being easy to understand and modify. / Bränsletrycket är en av de centrala styrvariablerna i ett modernt common-rail insprutningssystem. Det påverkar utsläppen av kväveoxider och partiklar, motorns specifika bränsleförbrukning och bränslepumpens effektförbrukning. Nogrann reglering och tillförlitliga diagnoser av bränslesystemet är därför mycket viktiga funktioner i motorstyrsystemet. Som ett hjälpmedel vid utveckling av dessa algoritmer samt för att öka förståelsen för hur hårdvaruförändringar påverkar systemet är det önskvärt med en simuleringsmodel av bränslesystemet.  En Simulink modell av XPI (Xtra high Pressure Injection) systemet som utvecklats av Scania och Cummins har utvecklats. Till skillnad från de redan tillgängliga modellerna av systemet fokuserar denna modell på snabba simuleringsförlopp genom att enbart modellera medeltryck och medelflöden istället för de momentana trycken och flödena i systemet när motorn roterar. Modellen är uppbyggd av moduler som var och en representerar en fysisk komponent i systemet. Modulerna är mestadels uppbyggda kring de fysikaliska egenskaperna hos komponenten de försöker modellera vilket gör modellen av systemet anpassningsbar till olika hårdvarukonfigurationer och samtidigt lätt att förstå.

The Master's thesis 'The liberalization of the European railways market' explains the process of infrastructure and management separation. The main goal of this thesis is to analyze the liberalization process of the rail freight market in Europe. This is achieved by causal and relational analysis, which provides profound insights into the current and historical liberalization of the rail freight market. The secondary aim of this thesis is to apply the analysis of the rail freight market in Slovakia so as to explore the implementation of liberalization rules. The thesis concludes with a brief analysis of the competitiveness of the Slovakian rail freight market today.

This work deals with issues of design and optimize of an operational amplifiers using CMOS transistor models. The main focus of work is to propose a circuit suitable for low voltage applications with low power. The proposed circuit consists of sub-circuits, each of which must operate in the desired voltage range. Detailed design of input and output stages will reach range of rail-to-rail type with a minimum quiescent current.

This diploma thesis is focused on examining the development of a diesel tractor engine with a newer injection system, concretely common-rail system. Mainly it is about the application of the high pressure fuel pump, fuel rail and injectors. With regard to the used components are appropriate adjustments made on the engine, and then checked using the available calculations. Brief mention is given to the theoretical summary of the contemporary state of applied injection system and its development trend. Selecting adjustments is primarily based on observed operating load. However, it is also striving to their simplest implementation. An integral part of this work is drawing documentation of newly designed components.

Les squats et les head-checks sont des défauts générés par l’endommagement des rails dû à la fatigue de contact de roulement, ils sont localisés à la surface du champignon du rail. La possibilité de les détecter en modes statique et dynamique lorsque leur profondeur se situe sous le seuil critique de 5 mm, constitue un challenge important pour l’industrie ferroviaire. Les méthodes d’inspection existantes ne permettent pas de les déceler avec certitude. L’objectif de ce travail a été de développer des méthodes alternatives pour l’inspection automatique du rail permettant de détecter ces défauts superficiels. Nous montrons que les méthodes sans contact : Ultrasons-Laser et EMATs (transducteurs électromagnétiques) sont très performantes pour la détection des défauts définis précédemment en utilisant des ondes acoustiques de surface, notamment dans le cas d’un contrôle dynamique. Cette étude présente les deux méthodes utilisées pour la génération et la détection des ondes de Rayleigh. Des essais sont effectués en modes statique et dynamique. Les résultats obtenus montrent la faisabilité des méthodes de contrôle non destructives envisagées pour la détection de squats et de head-checks de différentes profondeurs. Les essais EMAT se sont notamment révélés satisfaisants pour des vitesses importantes de déplacement de l’échantillon. / Squats and head-checks are a form of near surface rolling contact fatigue damage found in rail heads. The ability to detect these defects in static and dynamic modes when their depth is under the critical threshold of 5 mm represents a major challenge for the rail industry. Conventional inspection methods do not allow their detection with certainty. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop alternative methods for automatic rail inspection leading to open cracks detection. We show that non-contact methods: Laser-Ultrasonics and electromagnetic transducers (EMAT) are very efficient for the detection of the previously defined defects using surface acoustic waves, particularly in the case of a dynamic control. This study presents two methods for the generation and detection of Rayleigh waves. Static and dynamic tests are performed. The experimental results show the feasibility of the envisaged methods for the detection of squats and head-checks of different depths. Especially, the EMAT tests were satisfactory for high speeds displacement of the sample.

While passenger rail service has significantly grown in some parts of the United States, as evidenced by the new Brightline / Virgin Rail USA service in Florida and the expansion of passenger rail service in the State of Virginia, there has been significant resistance to the growth of passenger rail service in Texas, as evidenced by the demise of the Lone Star Rail District (LSRD) in 2016. Why the resistance? This exploratory research provides insights that address that question by identifying the contributing factors that led to the LSRD’s failure. A political economy framework incorporated a stakeholders’ perspective in an analysis of LSRD’s termination. An archival document study was used to identify key stakeholders and to then inform the design of, and the questions used in, an interview study of those key stakeholders. This research identified eight factors that contributed to the demise of the LSRD; 1) prior rail / transit failures in Texas; 2) structure of the Texas legislation; 3) inadequate political support; 4) organizational paralysis; 5) resistance from the Texas Department of Transportation; 6) flawed strategy; 7) disruptive technology; and 8) the Bexar County (Texas) Judge and the president of the Union Pacific Railroad. Although hundreds of individuals were involved during the LSRD’s nineteen-year history, in the end, three key decision makers and one key staff person were attributed with ending the organization’s existence. By identifying and analyzing the constellation of forces that were at play in the Lone Star Rail District, lessons were learned that could be applied (or avoided) across an array of similar rail initiatives, not only in Texas, but throughout the United States. A clear and identifiable political champion; adequate funding; competent project management; a clear project design and budget; a cooperating Class-1 freight railroad partner; adequate property ownership or right-of-way access; and an economically competitive alternative to automated highway vehicle technology; should all be considered necessary elements for the success of future passenger rail expansion projects. / Business Administration/Interdisciplinary